Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

After initial screening of 269 consecutive Psychiatry Service admissions suggested adrenal stimulation in alcoholics, 52 consecutive newly-admitted alcoholics were intensively studied in order to determine the extent of adrenal hyperactivity, how quickly it resolved and the factors associated with it. While 21% failed to show suppression of cortisol at either 0800 or 1600 hr the day following administration of dexamethasone (1 mg) at 2300 hr, no patient showed both clinical and biochemical evidence of alcoholic pseudo-Cushing's syndrome, and all patients suppressed normally eight days later. Analysis of a variety of variables, including several measures of recent alcohol consumption, alcohol withdrawal and depression failed to show significant association with nonsuppression. The DST should be interpreted cautiously in alcohol abusers during the first 10-14 days following admission. Persistent nonsuppression, however, is probably not due to alcohol abuse.
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PMID:Adrenocortical hyperactivity in newly admitted alcoholics: prevalence, course and associated variables. 651 36

Both plasmatic and salivary DST were simultaneously performed on a sample of 37 patients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (DMS III criteria): 22 primary depressions and 15 secondary depressions. Salivary DST showed a similar specificity but a decreased sensitivity in comparison with plasmatic DST. Essentially, the simultaneous use of both tests resulted in a better specificity for primary depression.
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PMID:[Plasma and saliva DST (dexamethasone suppression test) in depression. Clinical applications and kinetic approach]. 652 34

A review of case notes before and after the introduction of the DST into clinical psychiatric practice revealed considerable changes in diagnosis and management. Specifically there were increases in the diagnosis of biological depression and treatment with somatic antidepressant therapy. There was no association between DST results and particular management plans. There was a strong association between requesting the DST and management with antidepressants. It is suggested that the introduction of laboratory tests for psychiatric disorders may firm the belief of psychiatrists in the biological basis of some forms of depression and thus alter their diagnostic and treatment practice.
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PMID:Effects of the introduction of the dexamethasone suppression test on diagnosis and treatment of depression by psychiatrists. 658 93

In a series of 28 patients with bulimia who did not meet weight criteria for anorexia nervosa, 14 (50%) failed to suppress on the dexamethasone suppression test. Nonsuppression was not associated with degree of depression, body weight, or severity of abnormal eating-related behaviors. However, nonsuppression was associated with a higher rate of treatment for affective disorders in first-degree family members. The utility of the DST as a biologic marker for affective disorder in patients with bulimia is questioned, although a substantial level of depressive symptomatology was documented in patients with bulimia.
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PMID:The dexamethasone suppression test in patients with bulimia. 659 28

The present survey highlights the rationale for the use of state-dependent biological markers as predictors of clinical course in depression. Cortisol plasma levels after dexamethasone provide such a tool to monitor clinical progress. Since dexamethasone-resistant cortisol gradually returns to normalcy before a complete clinical remission is seen this measure has a possible predictive potential. Moreover, reversion to abnormal dexamethasone responses is prognostically infaust. Though the dexamethasone test has some merits, technical factors (e.g. exclusion criteria, dexamethasone-kinetics) which invalidate test results deserve careful consideration in future studies. Cortisol hypersecretion is considered as a physiological readout of a central disinhibition. This hypothesis is tested applying corticotropin-releasing factor and corticotropin in normal and abnormal DST responders. The data support the validity of the concept which assumes an intact but overactive pituitary-adrenal axis in a depressed subpopulation. A thesis is submitted which places the variety of biological disturbances in depression between two extreme viewpoints. One view considers all biological disturbances as sequelae to one particular dysfunction, e.g. disinhibition of corticosteroid secretion. The opposite view considers the myriad of biological disturbances as a sign of general loss of order, i.e. increased entropy, the precipitating mechanism of which is unknown.
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PMID:Prediction of clinical course by dexamethasone suppression test (DST) response in depressed patients - physiological and clinical construct validity of the DST. 666 28

The plasmatic levels of free, sulfoconjugated and total dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (DOPEG), the main deaminated metabolite of noradrenaline, have been measured in thirty DSM3 major depressive inpatients and in thirty healthy controls matched for sex and age. DOPEG levels have been measured by a radioenzymatic assay. Almost fifty per cent of depressed inpatients were D.S.T. non suppressors, thirteen patients were unipolar and thirteen bipolar. Plasmatic DOPEG levels were significantly lower in depressed patients as compared to healthy controls despite a wide interindividual range of DOPEG values. However, the ratio of free over conjugated DOPEG was not statistically different in the two groups. DOPEG levels were slightly higher in the female population of healthy volunteers but not in the depressed patients. In the healthy volunteers, but not in depressed patients, there was a trend for free DOPEG to increase and for conjugated DOPEG to decrease with age. There was no statistical correlation between the DOPEG levels and Hamilton Depression Scores. Also plasmatic DOPEG values were not different in uni or bipolar patients and in DST suppressor or DST non suppressor inpatients. The significance of the decrease of plasmatic DOPEG levels in depressed patients is discussed: this diminution may reflect a deficiency in noradrenaline metabolism in CNS or else may be attributed to other factors e.g. alteration in circadian rhythms, differences in motor activity, in level of anxiety, in sleep and feeding behaviors; cotreatment with benzodiazepine and opiate compounds; monoamine oxidase activity.
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PMID:[Study of noradrenaline metabolism in depressed patients by the determination of plasma dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol]. 667 52

The authors administered the Carroll rating scale for depression to 100 patients with residual schizophrenia and found that 41 were also depressed. Of these 41 patients, 23 were given a dexamethasone suppression test; 7 (31%) failed to suppress cortisol. A matched control group, i.e., 23 patients with residual schizophrenia but without depression, suppressed cortisol normally after taking dexamethasone. The authors found no clinical differences between depressed patients with normal DST results and depressed patients with abnormal DST results.
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PMID:The dexamethasone suppression test in residual schizophrenia with depression. 669 88

Fifty-nine depressed inpatients who satisfied Feighner's criteria for depression were separated into two groups by the response of their plasma cortisol (1600 hours) to a dose of 1 mg of dexamethasone given at 2100 hours. No statistically significant differences were found between suppressors and non-suppressors as regards severity of anxiety or depressive symptoms in the Leeds and the MADRS rating scales. No single item either in the Leeds or the MADRS scale was associated with a positive DST. The reason for this negative finding is discussed.
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PMID:Dexamethasone suppression test in depressive illness: its relation to anxiety symptoms. 670 4

The authors used a naturalistic design to replicate studies which validated the familial subtyping of primary depression. Ninety-three inpatients with unipolar depression had received the DST within 1 week of admission and were free of confounding medical problems. A blind rater assigned diagnoses based on chart material recorded before DST results were known. The results supported the earlier conclusions of Schlesser et al. With 8 AM sampling, 53% of familial pure depressive disease patients and 14% of depression spectrum disease patients were nonsuppressors. Differences, though smaller, remained significant with multiple sampling. Only 1 of 24 patients with secondary depression had an abnormal DST. Patterns of nonsuppression among patients with psychotic features resembled those of the larger group.
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PMID:The dexamethasone suppression test and familial subtypes of depression--a naturalistic replication. 705 37

Taken as a whole the data presented provide support for Klein's conceptualization of etiologically distinct subtypes of depression. A basic limbic system derangement in endogenous depression is suggested by the higher incidence of DST nonsuppression. Beck's theory that all depressions result from a primary cognitive dysfunction was not supported. However, the data do suggest dysfunctional attitudes, while present in both nonendogenous and endogenous depressions, may play an etiologically more relevant role in the nonendogenous group.
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PMID:Relationship of dysfunctional attitudes and dexamethasone response in endogenous and nonendogenous depression. 715 Jun 80


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