Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In sixty-six depressed in-patients, 20 of them showed marked resistance to suppression after dexamethasone. The authors found no difference between the two subgroups of suppressors and non suppressors, when considering the following parameters: age, sex, duration of illness, number of prior episodes, family history, intensity of depression, response to antidepressant treatment, relapses, diagnoses. Furthermore the normalization of DST after a 28 day treatment did not systematically correlate with a good clinical improvement.
 ...
PMID:[Dexamethasone test: suppressors and non-suppressors, what's the difference?]. 293 87

Previous studies report that DST nonsuppressors are older than normal suppressors. Data are presented on 188 primary unipolar major depressive inpatients and 35 healthy controls. In males, age appeared to correlate positively with post-dexamethasone cortisols in depressed patients and normal controls, although mean levels were higher in depressives. Female controls showed no consistent relationship between age and post-dexamethasone cortisol. A positive relationship did exist for depressed women. However, the association disappeared when age-of-onset was entered into the model, suggesting that in females early onset may identify a subtype of depression with normal DST suppression.
 ...
PMID:The relationship between age and post-dexamethasone cortisol: a test of three hypotheses. 295 6

Forty outpatients with major depressive disorder were studied with the 1 mg DST and the Afternoon Cortisol Test. No relationship was found between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function and Research Diagnostic Criteria subtypes of depression, with the exception of higher log post-dexamethasone cortisol levels in endogenous depressives. Patients with mood reactivity had lower cortisol values on all assessments. The data suggest that the presence of mood reactivity may be useful as a predictor of normal HPA function in depression.
 ...
PMID:Clinical variables and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function in depression. The importance of mood reactivity. 295 6

Plasma dexamethasone concentrations following oral dexamethasone administration were examined in 78 patients with major depression prior to and during treatment. The test-retest stability of plasma dexamethasone levels within patients was satisfactory with an overall significant positive correlation between tests for each patient. However, significant variability was noted in individual patients. Change in pre-DST cortisol and plasma dexamethasone levels were the two variables, in that order of importance, contributing to change in DST status. In studies examining the clinical utility of serial dexamethasone suppression tests as a guide to recovery from depression, the effect of variability in plasma dexamethasone concentrations should be taken into account.
 ...
PMID:Plasma dexamethasone and the dexamethasone suppression test. Initial and follow-up tests in depressed patients. 297 Apr 99

TRH tests were performed on 131 patients with RDC diagnoses of major depressive disorders to study altered endocrine control mechanisms in subtypes of depression. The TSH response to TRH was measured in all patients. In more than a third of the sample the prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) responses were also analysed. There were no differences between bipolar, primary unipolar and secondary unipolar patients in means of any endocrine variable. However, the expected positive correlation between baseline TSH and delta TSH was absent in the secondary unipolar group, indicating a dysregulation of pituitary TRH receptor sensitivity in this depressive subtype. Only delta TSH was dependent on depressive state, being lower in currently ill primary unipolar patients only. Patients with melancholic features (endogeneity scores high) had blunted TSH responses. Weight loss was connected with TSH blunting in all depressive subtypes. Among patients with blunted delta TSH (less than 5 mU/l) there was no relationship between degree of weight loss and delta TSH. Further, examination of partial correlation coefficients suggests weight loss of affect delta TSH by virtue of its being part of the melancholic syndrome. A significant correlation between blunted delta TSH and nonsuppression of cortisol in the DST was found only among primary unipolar patients, arguing for some independence of the TRH test and the DST in mirroring disturbed endocrine controls in depression.
 ...
PMID:TRH tests with analyses of TSH, prolactin, and GH responses in subtypes of patients with major depressive disorders. 309 81

Depression in children has signs and symptoms similar to those observed in depressed adults. Neuroendocrine abnormalities have been consistently observed in depressed adults. Now, neuroendocrine abnormalities are beginning to be studied in depressed children and adolescents. Results of these studies should help clarify the relationship between depression in adults and in children. Careful psychiatric diagnosis is required for studies of the neuroendocrine concomitants of depression. When establishing a diagnosis of depression in children and adolescents, one must pay attention to differences in such variables as cognitive development. Studies of neuroendocrine functioning in depressed children are at an earlier stage than those in depressed adults. To date, most studies have centered on cortisol secretion, the DST, and GH. In general, studies of cortisol secretion (most of which utilize the DST) indicate that a majority of depressed children and adolescents have positive DSTs (that is, dexamethasone fails to suppress their cortisol secretion) and cortisol secretion appears to be increased. These findings are similar to those observed in adults. Results of GH studies are more mixed. Some studies found hypersecretion of GH in depressed children, whereas others found hyposecretion of GH in depressed children. The few studies of TRH stimulation of TSH and melatonin secretion have involved a small number of subjects and results must be considered preliminary.
 ...
PMID:Neuroendocrine changes in affectively ill children and adolescents. 313 65

Depression in children has signs and symptoms similar to those observed in depressed adults. Neuroendocrine abnormalities have been consistently observed in depressed adults. Now, neuroendocrine abnormalities are beginning to be studied in depressed children and adolescents. Results of these studies should help clarify the relationship between depression in adults and in children. Careful psychiatric diagnosis is required for studies of the neuroendocrine concomitants of depression. When establishing a diagnosis of depression in children and adolescents, one must pay attention to differences in such variables as cognitive development. Studies of neuroendocrine functioning in depressed children are at an earlier stage than those in depressed adults. To date, most studies have centered on cortisol secretion, the DST, and GH. In general, studies of cortisol secretion (most of which utilize the DST) indicate that a majority of depressed children and adolescents have positive DSTs (that is, dexamethasone fails to suppress their cortisol secretion) and cortisol secretion appears to be increased. These findings are similar to those observed in adults. Results of GH studies are more mixed. Some studies found hypersecretion of GH in depressed children, whereas others found hyposecretion of GH in depressed children. The few studies of TRH stimulation of TSH and melatonin secretion have involved a small number of subjects and results must be considered preliminary.
 ...
PMID:Neuroendocrine changes in affectively ill children and adolescents. 313 1

The state of knowledge in the area of suggested biological markers that may delineate subpopulations of patients with borderline personality disorders (BPD) is reviewed. There is widespread disagreement as to the specificity of these markers. The clinical implications of Axis I--Axis II, state vs. trait, acute vs. chronic, and definite vs. probable diagnoses, all seem to contribute to the confusion in this area. Some patients with BPD and with schizotypal personality disorders (SPD) share neuroendocrine abnormalities with affective disorders (AD) and schizophrenic (SCH) patients respectively. This interface and/or potential overlap between personality disorders (PD) and the major mental disorders is discussed with special reference to the DST, TRH/TSH test, and REM latency which have already been established as valuable biological markers for certain subtypes of depression. In contrast, biologic abnormalities observed in chronic schizophrenia are also present in some SPD patients. Current data are supportive of the hypothesis that some PD patients are independent whereas others are genetically related to the major mental disorders.
 ...
PMID:Biological markers in borderline personality disorders: an overview. 313 5

Ninety-five inpatient, RDC-diagnosed major depressives, 68 unipolar and 27 bipolar, underwent 72-hour urine collection for the measurement of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG). The average 24-hour urinary MHPG was compared by multivariate analysis of variance with the postdexamethasone cortisol (DST), the delta thyroid stimulating hormone (TRHST), six quantitative EEG (QEEG) measures of regional interhemispheric symmetry and six QEEG measures of focal frequency abnormalities. MHPG failed to discriminate between unipolar and bipolar II depression. It showed no significant correlations with postdexamethasone cortisol or delta TSH. It failed to correlate with QEEG regional coherence or with focal frequency abnormalities. MHPG covaries independently of other markers of depression.
 ...
PMID:Limited clinical utility of urinary MHPG. 313 45

1. Fever and leukocytosis are occasionally observed in patients with psychiatric disorders. A thorough medical evaluation does not always reveal the origin of these abnormalities. 2. We report the case histories of three patients with bipolar affective disorder and an abnormal DST who had fever and leukocytosis during the acute phase of their illness. No organic etiology could be found. 3. All three patients responded to ECT with resolution of the depression, the fever, and the leukocytosis, and normalization of the DST. 4. We propose that fever and leukocytosis may be rare physical manifestations of bipolar affective disorder, particularly in patients with abnormal DST.
 ...
PMID:Fever and leukocytosis: physical manifestations of bipolar affective disorder? 324 71


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>