Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Liver disease may cause a variety of clinical signs, including depression, anorexia, weakness, weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, jaundice, ascites and CNS signs. Treatment is aimed at eliminating the cause, providing supportive care, and preventing secondary complications. Rest facilitates liver regeneration. Hypokalemia, respiratory alkalosis and hypoglycemia may complicate liver disease. Fluids should be given IV rather than SC to severely dehydrated animals. Preferred solutions include Ringer's and half-strength saline with 2.5% dextrose. Solutions containing lactate should not be used. Dietary management includes feeding adequate amounts of protein of high biologic value, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins and minerals.
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PMID:Management of liver disease in dogs and cats. 672 30

Several studies suggest that transfusion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) may be beneficial in the treatment of septic neonatal patients. Because of expense, donor availability, and the technical effort involved in obtaining PMNs by intermittent or continuous flow leukapheresis, buffy coat centrifugation of whole blood has been suggested as an alternative source. An in vitro study was performed to determine whether PMNs collected by this method have adequate oxidative and migratory function measured by chemiluminescence (CL) and chemotaxis under agarose (CT), respectively. Whole blood samples from six adult volunteers were drawn into citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine-one and stored at 4 degrees C for 0 to 48 hours. One-half of each sample was irradiated with 1500 rads. PMNs isolated from the buffy coat of these samples had greater than 80 percent normal CT and CL following 0 to 28 hours of storage in whole blood. Irradiation caused no depression in function. Units of whole blood yielded 1.11 +/- 0.40 X 10(9) PMNs per unit. This study indicates that transfusion of radiated PMNs obtained from stored whole blood that is less than 28 hours old is reasonable to use in studies involving PMN transfusions.
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PMID:Function of irradiated polymorphonuclear leukocytes obtained by buffy-coat centrifugation. 672 39

Two mannans (guar gum and konjac mannan) were fed to growing chicks at a level of 2% in a semipurified diet containing 0.5% cholesterol for 4 weeks. The mannans were nearly identical in producing growth depression, pancreatic hypertrophy and reduction in plasma and hepatic cholesterol when compared to controls fed corn starch or the sugars D-galactose or D-mannose. Hepatic triglyceride levels were higher for chicks fed konjac mannan, but no significant differences in fasting plasma glucose were observed. Apparent metabolizable energy levels for the mannan diets were significantly less than those of the other diets. The effects of the mannans in this study were not correlated with viscosity measurements made in vitro.
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PMID:Hypocholesterolemia and growth-depression in chicks fed guar gum and konjac mannan. 683 53

Brain glucose utilization was examined 24 h after single intracisternal injections of the GABA-transaminase inhibitor ethanolamine-O-sulfate (EOS) in rats. Qualitative autoradiography indicated a pronounced and homogeneous depression in [14C]2-deoxy-D-glucose ([14C]2DG) uptake throughout the brains of rats treated with 200 or 400 micrograms EOS. Quantitative scintillation counting of 14C in 9 brain areas of other rats confirmed the marked, generalized decrease in label uptake 24 h after EOS. Food intake measurements confirmed previous reports of dose-dependent anorexia after EOS. Rats treated with the 200 micrograms dose showed decreased open-field activity 24 h after injection but no other deficits in various tests of sensorimotor function or in tail-pinch-induced feeding. Rats treated with the 400 micrograms dose also showed deficits in open-field activity, plus deficits in orientation to touch stimuli, longer latencies than controls in catalepsy tests, and faster habituation of startle responses to sound. This group showed normal feeding responses to tail-pinch stimulation in the presence of solid food but not in the presence of liquid food. It was concluded that sensorimotor deficits may play some role in the anorexigenic effects of EOS but are probably not their primary cause. The discrepancy between the apparent degree of depression of brain glucose utilization and the comparatively mild behavioral deficits observed would suggest the possibility that metabolic fuels other than glucose may be mobilized following central EOS treatment.
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PMID:Central injections of the GABA-transaminase inhibitor ethanolamine-O-sulfate (EOS): effects on brain [14C]2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake and behavior in rats. 683 55

Ketamine hydrochloride 4 mg in 10 ml 5% dextrose water was administered epidurally to 7 patients suffering from intractable pain in the back, lower abdomen and legs. Pain relief was obtained in all cases. The duration of action varied from half an hour to more than 6 hours. No adverse side-effects were noted and no detectable neurological damage resulted. Intraspinal ketamine offers and advantage over the opiates, in that respiratory depression is unlikely to occur.
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PMID:Epidural ketamine. A preliminary report. 706 21

Chronic hypophosphataemia is associated with reversible depression in myocardial performance of the intact heart. To define the basis for this, were studied the mechanical and electrical properties of isolated left ventricular papillary muscles from rats with 6 weeks of phosphorus depletion (P6), 6 weeks of phosphorus repletion and age-matched controls (C). Muscles were perfused with Tyrode's solution (Ca2+ 2.4 mmol.liter-1, 7 = 4.0 mmol . litre-1, dextrose = 5.5 mmol . litre-1) and driven at 0.1 Hz. P6 muscles had slowed isometric relaxation (T1/2R), depressed velocity of shortening and relaxation and prolongation of the transmembrane action potential to 75% of complete repolarisation. These results suggest that the slow relaxation phase may be the result of the prolonged APD75 and that the depressed myocardial performance in the intact heart may be based on impaired relaxation and reduced the velocity of shortening associated with hypophosphataemia. This view is supported by our finding that these alterations are reversible with phosphate repletion.
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PMID:Effects of experimental phosphate deficiency on action potential characteristics and contractile performance of rat myocardium. 707 68

Many polar fishes synthesize a group of eight glycopeptides that exhibit a non-colligative lowering of the freezing point of water. These glycopeptides range in molecular weight between 2600 and 33 700. The largest glycopeptides [1-5] lower the freezing point more than the small ones on a weight basis and contain only two amino acids, alanine and threonine, with the disaccharide galactose-N-acetyl-galactosamine attached to threonine. The small glycopeptides, 6, 7, and 8, also lower the freezing point and contain proline, which periodically substitutes for alanine. Glycopeptides with similar antifreeze properties isolated from the saffron cod and the Atlantic tomcod contain an additional amino acid, arginine, which substitutes for threonine in glycopeptide 6. In this study we address the question of whether differences in amino acid composition or molecular weight between large and small glycopeptides are responsible for the reduced freezing point depressing capability of the low molecular weight glycopeptides. The results indicate that the degree of amino acid substitutions that occur in glycopeptides 6-8 do not have a significant effect on the unusual freezing point lowering and that the observed decrease in freezing point depression with smaller glycopeptides can be accounted for on the basis of molecular weight.
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PMID:Relationship of amino acid composition and molecular weight of antifreeze glycopeptides to non-colligative freezing point depression. 711 72

Glucan, a macrophage stimulant, was evaluated for its ability to alter survival and phagocytic dysfunction in mice challenged with mouse hepatitis virus strain MHV-A59. Administration of glucan before the mice were challenged with the virus significantly prolonged median survival time but did not modify overall mortality compared with control mice given dextrose. Maximal effectiveness was achieved when glucan was administered both before and after the viral challenge. In contrast to the marked hepatic parenchymal cell necrosis observed in the control mice, glucan-treated mice exhibited reduced pathology. Intraperitoneal administration of MHV-A59 resulted in a significant depression of phagocytic activity compared with controls that were not exposed to the virus. The enhancement in phagocytic function in glucan-treated control mice was unaltered in virus-challenged, glucan-treated mice. Thus glucan is capable of increasing survival, inhibiting hepatic necrosis, and maintaining an activated state of phagocytic activity in mice challenged with MHV-A59. Macrophage stimulants may have a significant role in the modification of virally induced hepatic lesions.
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PMID:Glucan-induced modification of murine viral hepatitis. 736 Nov 8

Dolichol is an isoprenoid lipid involved in the assembly of many membrane-bound and secreted glycoproteins. Dolichol biosynthesis can be considered as a branch of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway subsequent to the reaction catalyzed by beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase, EC 1.1.1.34), the major regulatory enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis. Changes in reductase activity can also affect the rate of dolichol synthesis. Since the majority of plasma glycoproteins are synthesized by the liver, we have measured the rate of dolichol synthesis in mouse-liver slices after various treatments which alter hepatic beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase activity in vivo. The rate of hepatic dolichol synthesis was decreased by dietary cholesterol and fasting, and increased by feeding cholestyramine. There is also a diurnal variation in the rate of dolichol synthesis. A plot of the rate of dolichol synthesis versus the rate of cholesterol synthesis suggests that, after the formation of isoprene units, the branch of dolichol biosynthesis is saturated at a lower concentration of isoprene intermediates than is required to saturate the branch of cholesterol biosynthesis. After 2 weeks of cholesterol feeding and the consequent depression of hepatic dolichol synthesis, the rate of [3H]mannose incorporation into liver and plasma glycoproteins was unchanged, indicating that the rate of dolichol biosynthesis was not rate-limiting for total glycoprotein synthesis under these conditions.
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PMID:Regulation of hepatic dolichol synthesis by beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. 741 Mar 82

The contractile recoverability of isolated portal veins made hypodynamic by removal of glucose from the perfusion medium by diverse exogenous substrates was studied. It was found that glucose, mannose, pyruvate, lactate, acetate, and butyrate readily restored contraction. The effects of anoxia and metabolic inhibitors were also investigated. Both anoxia and dinitrophenol abolished spontaneous activity within 10 min. Fluoroacetate markedly depressed contractility (-60.9 +/- 2.8% at 10 min), the reduction being essentially similar in medium with or without glucose. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) in glucose medium reduced contractility only slightly whereas in the absence of glucose it drastically inhibited contraction (-76% at 10 min and -97% at 40 min). Intracellular ATP was significantly reduced by anoxia and fluoroacetate in medium with or without glucose and by 2-DG only in substrate-free medium. However, ATP depletion showed no clear correlation with the extent of contractile depression. These findings indicate a strong dependence for mechanical activity in this vein on aerobic metabolic pathways. But, from the results with 2-DG, it is suggested that an adequate glucose metabolism might be of importance for functional processes other than contraction itself.
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PMID:Substrate supply and function of isolated venous smooth muscle under anoxia and metabolic inhibition. 742 90


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