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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We wished to investigate possible differences in the duration of postoperative analgesia and the incidence of respiratory depression after the intrathecal injection in the lumbar area of 10 micrograms/kg morphine in hypobaric and hyperbaric solution for relief of post-thoracotomy pain. Twenty-nine patients received morphine plus dextrose (hyperbaric) and 21 received morphine in preservative-free normal saline. The duration of analgesia was longer with the morphine in the normal saline group than in the hyperbaric group (P less than 0.04). One patient developed delayed respiratory depression. Our data support the use of morphine in normal saline mixtures for greater duration of analgesia after thoracic operations.
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PMID:Intrathecal morphine for post-thoracotomy pain. 375 5

A new autotransfusion device was evaluated in dogs. The device uses citrate phosphate dextrose as the blood anticoagulant and automatically delivers the agent in a ratio approximating that found in banked blood. Bleeding, aspiration, and autotransfusion of approximately 3 estimated blood volumes produced small changes in hematologic and coagulation studies. Blood electrolytes stayed within normal ranges. Activated clotting times stayed within normal range after autotransfusion of 2 blood volumes but increased slightly after 3 blood volume transfusions. No significant histopathologic changes were found in any organ system. Rapid infusion of citrated blood causes myocardial depression, which can be reversed by giving calcium. Overall performance of the device was excellent, suggesting further documentation in a clinical setting and evaluation with human blood.
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PMID:Evaluation of a new blood autotransfusion device. 377 49

Differential absorption of D-xylose and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, and unmediated intestinal permeation of lactulose and L-rhamnose has been investigated in 14 patients with diarrhoea following tropical exposure and in 16 healthy control subjects. Five had malabsorption of fat, D-xylose and B12 ('tropical malabsorption' (TM) group), and that was absent or minimal in the others ('tropical diarrhoea' (TD) group). After combined ingestion of the four test sugars in iso-osmolar solution a marked depression in plasma D-xylose concentration (with a slow rise) occurred in all of the TM group; the TD group did not differ significantly from the controls. In contrast, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose absorption was similar in all three groups. Urine analysis demonstrated that intestinal permeation of lactulose was increased and that of rhamnose decreased in the TM group compared with the controls. Ingestion as a hyperosmotic solution further enhanced abnormal lactulose permeation in the TM group. Although some of the TD group showed one or the other of these changes, discrimination of the TM group from the TD and control groups was improved when results were expressed as lactulose/rhamnose differential permeation ratios, especially when using a hyperosmotic stress. Similar abnormalities have previously been demonstrated in untreated gluten-induced enteropathy (coeliac disease). The magnitude of the absorption defects demonstrated in TM are more severe than would be anticipated from the jejunal mucosal abnormalities alone; this suggests that there is probably significant pathology in the distal small intestine (including the ileum) in TM.
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PMID:Intestinal absorption and unmediated permeation of sugars in post-infective tropical malabsorption (tropical sprue). 394 90

After receiving an intraperitoneal injection of [14C]2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a total of 28 mice which had pieces of metal wire glued to certain whiskers (all others were clipped) were exposed to magnetic field bursts. The stimulated whiskers were B1 (freely moving mice, set I) or whiskers C1-3 and E1 (restrained mice, set II) on the left side. In set I, stimulated mice were compared with animals of various control groups. Autoradiography demonstrated an activation of columnar shape overlying the presumed corresponding barrel contralateral to stimulation; in a part of the ipsilateral barrelfield, 2-DG uptake was depressed significantly. In the subnuclei caudalis and interpolaris of the trigeminal brainstem complex a spot of activation was observed ipsilaterally but there was no depression contralaterally. Whereas several animals of the control groups showed some aspects of these responses, they were consistent only in stimulated mice. In set II, animals received stimulation with different intensities. 2-DG uptake was higher in barrels C1-3 than in E1. It increased with increasing intensity. The same observations were made in two nuclei of termination. The device we describe here can be used to study stimulus-specific responses at various levels of the somatosensory pathway.
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PMID:A magnetic device to stimulate selected whiskers of freely moving or restrained small rodents: its application in a deoxyglucose study. 407 83

Administration of glucose, fructose, and glycerol to fasted rats produced a significant depression of liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity within 4 to 8 hours; galactose and ribose were much less effective. All the compounds yielded appreciable quantities of liver glycogen. The depression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity by glucose and glycerol was diminished by the concomitant administration of 2-deoxyglucose. The latter depressed glycogen formation from administered carbohydrate in muscle but not in liver. In rats made diabetic by alloxan, depression of elevated phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity by insulin was dependent upon a dietary source of carbohydrate. These results were interpreted to indicate that depression of certain gluconeogenic enzymes after carbohydrate ingestion is initiated by the metabolism of carbohydrate in some extrahepatic site.
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PMID:Carbohydrate supply as a regulator of rat liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity. 416 92

Cardiac slowing occurring during diagnostic coronary arteriography was studied in 78 patients. Comparable degrees of slowing occurred with injections into the right and into the left coronary arteries into the contralateral artery, and with injections into the coronary artery giving rise to the sinus node artery and into the contralateral artery. Rapid intracoronary injections of isosmotic dextrose solution produced significantly less slowing than comparable injections of contrast medium. Slow injections of contrast medium produced cardiac slowing comparable to that caused by rapid injections of contrast medium. However, the cardiac slowing was significantly greater than that produced by rapid injections of dextrose solution. Inhalation of 100% oxygen did not alter the heart rate response to injections of contrast medium. Atropine produced dose-related attenuation of cardiac slowing. Bradycardia persisting after cholinergic blockade was significantly greater after injections into the coronary artery supplying the sinus node than it was after injections into the contralateral artery. Coronary arteriography produced transient, occasionally profound, arterial hypotension in 38 of 41 patients in whom arterial pressures were recorded. Arterial pressure did not change in three patients. This study suggests that the cardiac slowing which occurs during coronary arteriography in man is due primarily to a cholinergic reflex which may be a human counterpart of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex, observed heretofore only in experimental animals. This slowing appears to be mediated primarily by receptors sensitive to contrast medium, rather than by changes of coronary artery pressure, and secondarily, by direct depression of sinus node function by contrast medium.
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PMID:Mechanisms mediating bradycardia during coronary arteriography. 443 42

Anesthetized dogs receiving an infusion of chlorothiazide and ethacrynic acid were given 600-ml infusions of distilled water or dilute dextrose solutions. The absolute rate of tubular sodium reabsorption was depressed, and the glomerular filtration rate was increased during the water loading, despite the associated decreases in plasma sodium concentration and decreases in the filtered load of sodium. The extent to which fractional sodium reabsorption decreased and the excretion of sodium increased was inversely related to the degree to which the filtered load of sodium was depressed as a result of the decreased plasma sodium concentration. We conclude that, in the presence of the diuretic blockade of distal tubular sodium reabsorption, infusion of water depresses proximal tubular reabsorption of sodium and that these changes are qualitatively similar to those previously observed during infusions of saline. Similar depression of tubular reabsorption of sodium and increased excretion of sodium occurred during water loading in the absence of diuretics in dogs undergoing saline diuresis, which presumably provided a high rate of distal sodium reabsorption before water loading. We suggest that volume expansion with water depresses proximal tubular reabsorption of sodium in a manner qualitatively similar to infusions of saline and that the extent to which sodium excretion is increased during water loading is dependent upon 1) the absolute extent to which proximal reabsorption is depressed, 2) the extent to which the filtered load of sodium is maintained in the presence of a falling concentration of sodium in plasma, and 3) the extent to which increased distal reabsorption compensates for the depressed proximal reabsorption of sodium. Mechanisms are suggested whereby the previously reported inverse relationship between plasma concentration of sodium and over-all tubular reabsorption of sodium may be only apparent, and could be the result of physiologic "glomerulotubular balance" during the specific experimental maneuvers.
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PMID:The effects of infusion of water on renal hemodynamics and the tubular reabsorption of sodium. 602 86

Effects of the sodium ionophore, monensin, were examined on the passage from neuronal cell body to axon of materials undergoing fast intracellular transport. In vitro exposure of bullfrog dorsal root ganglia to concentrations of drug less than 1.0 micron led to a dose-dependent depression in the amount of fast-transported [3H]leucine- or [3H]glycerol-labeled material appearing in the nerve trunk. Incorporation of either precursor was unaffected. Exposure of a desheathed nerve trunk to similar concentrations of monensin, while ganglia were incubated in drug-free medium, had no effect on transport. With [3H]fucose as precursor, fast transport of labeled glycoproteins was depressed to the same extent as with [3H]leucine; synthesis, again, was unaffected. By contrast, with [3H]galactose as precursor, an apparent reduction in transport of labeled glycoproteins was accounted for by a marked depression in incorporation. The inference from these findings, that monensin acts to block fast transport at the level of the Golgi apparatus, was supported by ultrastructural examination of the drug-treated neurons. An extensive and selective disruption of Golgi saccules was observed, accompanied by an accumulation of clumped smooth membranous cisternae. Quantitative analyses of 48 individual fast-transported protein species, after separation by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, revealed that monensin depresses all proteins to a similar extent. These results indicate that passage through the Golgi apparatus is an obligatory step in the intracellular routing of materials destined for fast axonal transport.
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PMID:Evidence that all newly synthesized proteins destined for fast axonal transport pass through the Golgi apparatus. 618 Oct 72

Butyric acid produces multiple effects on mammalian cells in culture, including alterations in morphology, depression of growth rate, increased histone acetylation, and modified production of various proteins and enzymes. The latter effect is exemplified by the induction in HeLa cells of the glycoprotein hormone alpha subunit by millimolar concentrations of the fatty acid. This report demonstrates that increased subunit accumulation in response to sodium butyrate is strikingly dependent on the presence of glucose (or mannose) in the growth medium. In contrast, basal levels of subunit synthesis are only marginally affected when the culture medium is supplemented with one of a variety of hexoses. An increase in the accumulation of HeLa alpha does not occur in medium containing pyruvate as the energy source, and sustained induction requires the simultaneous and continued presence of both glucose and butyrate. The effects of butyrate on HeLa cell morphology and subunit induction can be separated, since the latter is glucose-dependent while the former is not. Failure of butyrate to induce alpha in medium containing pyruvate does not result from restricted subunit secretion, since the levels of intracellular alpha are not increased disproportionately relative to those in the medium. The hexoses which support induction of HeLa alpha (glucose greater than or equal to mannose greater than galactose greater than fructose) are identical to those which have been shown previously to stimulate the glucosylation of lipid-linked oligosaccharides and enhance the synthesis of certain glycoproteins. Labeling of various glycosylation intermediates with [3H]mannose indicates that in glucose medium there is a decrease in the level of radioactivity associated with both dolicholpyrophosphoryl oligosaccharide and cellular glycoproteins and a concomitant increase in the fraction of label recovered in secreted glycoproteins. Butyrate also causes a decrease in [3H]mannose-labeled cellular glycoproteins and an increase in tritiated extracellular glycoproteins, particularly in glucose medium. Likewise, glucose stimulates the incorporation of [3H]glucosamine into immunoprecipitable alpha subunit relative to the bulk of HeLa-secreted glycoproteins, and this is further enhanced by butyrate. However, as demonstrated by lectin chromatography of conditioned media, a nonglycosylated subunit does not accumulate in pyruvate medium, either in the absence or presence of butyrate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Glucose requirement for induction by sodium butyrate of the glycoprotein hormone alpha subunit in HeLa cells. 620 30

The hypokalemic response was roughly proportional to the dose of insulin. The hypokalemia due to adding insulin to galactose or fructose loading was slightly greater than that with insulin and glucose or mannose loading, suggesting a hexose stereospecificity of the response. When epinephrine (13.6 nmol/kg, i.v.) was given after one of the hexoses plus insulin, the hyperkalemia with glucose and galactose was 2.5-3 mEq/l, about twice that due to fructose or mannose. The hyperglycemia was about 2 mmol/l for glucose, 1 mmol/l for galactose, mannose, fructose, and ouabain with glucose, and 0.25 mmol/l for phloridzin with glucose. Addition of epinephrine, isoproterenol, and cAMP caused a significant depression of Na+,K+-ATPase activity in rat liver (P < 0.01) but the addition of insulin did not. These results show that there was a relation between the levels of blood glucose and serum potassium after an insulin-containing hexose infusion and that membrane permeability was stereospecific.
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PMID:Effects of hexose infusion with insulin and of additional epinephrtine injection on the levels of serum potassium and blood glucose in dogs. 625 74


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