Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There are many drugs marketed for the purpose of altering vascular blood flow in various regions, especially of the central nervous system and in peripheral arterial insufficiency. More than 50 different methods are described for the treatment of sudden deafness. Considerations of the therapy of sudden deafness are influenced by the fact that the cause of the disease is unknown. The dysfunction of the hair-cells of the organ of CORTI is thought to be caused by a deficit of oxygen due to disorders of micro-circulation in the inner ear. The infusion of vaso-active drugs in the early state of disease can lead to a remarkable improvement of hearing whereas the prospect of improvement without treatment remains uncertain. Nevertheless it may be difficult to distinguish the beneficial effects of vasodilator agents from spontaneous improvement. Naftidrofuryl oxalate (dusodril) has been in use for many years and proved its therapeutic value in many studies. It is regarded as non-toxic and is used extensively in Europe. Side effects are only reported rarely, and include decrease of cerebral blood flow, abdominal distension, diarrhoea, oesophageal ulceration, epileptic seizures, aphasia, disturbances of consciousness, hypotension, hypertensive crisis, vertigo and dizziness, depression of cardiac conduction, thrombophlebitis, and allergy. This case report of allergic reaction in a young female patient demonstrates that the intravenous application of this drug may lead to severe complications.
HNO 1987 May
PMID:[Allergic reaction in therapy with naftidrofuryl (Dusodril). A case report]. 361 Jun 82

122 patients with squamous-cell-carcinoma of the larynx (T1-stage) were examined after surgical or radiological treatment. None of these patients showed evidence of tumor recurrence. Peripheral T-lymphocytes and delayed hypersensitivity were studied in all these patients. According to their treatment, the patients were allotted into three groups and compared with a control group, consisting of 20 patients with nonneoplastic head- and neck-disease. The main finding was a significant decrease in the peripheral T-lymphocytes in surgically- or radiologically-treated patients with a squamous-cell-carcinoma of the larynx (T1-stage). This reduction of T-cells must be interpreted as a congenital or acquired defect of the immunocompetent system. In about half of the control cases the DNCB-tests showed no evidence of delayed hypersensitivity. In view of these results and those reported in the literature, the test should be used critically. In contrast to our earlier findings, where patients received radiotherapy over large areas including big vessels, radiation over a smaller, localised area does not lead to a significant depression of peripheral T-lymphocytes.
HNO 1982 Jul
PMID:[Peripheral T-lymphocytes and delayed hypersensitivity in surgically and radiologically treated patients with early stages of larynx-carcinoma]. 698 31

59 patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease and with negative history of ear infection, noise exposure, head injury, use of streptomycin and without hereditary deafness underwent a basic audiologic examination. In all age groups we found a depression of the pure tone threshold on from 2,000 Hz and compared to a control group and to the norm curves (Spoor 1966). Following the Carhart-test and the acoustic facial reflex there were always signs of cochlear lesions. Fifty per cent of the alcoholics in the Carhart tone decay test showed a depression of the threshold between 10 and 30 dB. The concentration of vitamin A, RBP, beta-Carotin and zinc in the blood measured at the same time were diminished. Considering recent electron microscopic findings on the pattern of the inner ear of young rats following vitamin A deficit we suppose that the vitamin A deficit in the alcoholics leads to poor hearing.
HNO 1982 Oct
PMID:[Vitamin A concentration in plasma and ability to hear in patients with chronic alcoholic liver diseases]. 715 72

Three patients with CSF-rhinorrhea following frontobasal skull and brain injury were treated with lumbar CSF drainage. Rhinorrhea was successfully stopped in one patient few hours after onset of the drainage while a pneumatocephalus developed in each of the remaining patients during the first post-trauma week. We believe that this latter occurrence was due to depression of intra-cranial pressure as a result of the drainage. As a further consequence of this, risk of intracranial infection increased in association with a hypoliquorrhea, and led to a tentorial pressure cone in one of the patients.
HNO 1980 Apr
PMID:[Treatment of post-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea with lumbar drainage (author's transl)]. 745 Dec 60

In comparing two groups of patients following stapedectomies, significantly better long-term results were obtained by using the Robinson steel piston prosthesis (n = 85) as opposed to the wire prosthesis (n = 74). By so doing, the impairment of sound transmission was reduced and the Carhart depression counterbalanced. This improvement is thought to result from the increased mass and stability of the steel prosthesis as well as from its more correct anatomical positioning.
HNO 1980 May
PMID:[The influence of the stapes prosthesis on the long-term results of stapedectomy (author's transl)]. 745 Dec 64

Nitric oxide (NO) generation in a series of 20 burn patients was studied with a novel anion exchange high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-), the stable metabolic endproducts of NO. The NO values within our survivor group (n = 17) were significantly altered at days 1, 6, and 12 postburn in contrast to controls (n = 23) (p < or = 0.03). NO2- values were significantly depressed in both plasma and urine, whereas NO3- values were significantly elevated in contrast to control values (p < or = 0.03). The ratio of NO2-:NO3- was significantly lower for burn patients versus controls in both plasma and urine (p < 0.01). The NO generation seemed in part to be dependent on the percentage of total body surface area burn, most dramatically elevated in patients with burns of 10 to 40% total body surface area. In subjects who did not survive beyond 36 hours postinjury because of irreversible shock (n = 3), the production of NO was significantly depressed in contrast to survivors and controls (p < 0.0001). However, the NO2-:NO3- ratio (0.001) was relatively unchanged, with reflection of a global depression in NO formation with no change in the individual component release. Burn injury resulted in an increased release/production of NO that in the first postburn week is maximally elevated immediately postinjury. NO release, although decreased at day 6 relative to the day 1 values, remained elevated into the second week postinjury when there was evidence for a further increase in NO production. The enhanced NO3- formation may well result from NO reacting with oxygen-free radicals counteracting superoxide anion-induced destruction of tissue, thereby potentially functioning as a protectant molecule.
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PMID:Burn-induced nitric oxide release in humans. 747 2

In addition to its role in blood vessel and macrophage function, nitric oxide (NO) is a neurotransmitter found in high densities in emotion-regulating brain regions. Mice with targeted disruption of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) display grossly normal appearance, locomotor activity, breeding, long-term potentiation and long-term depression. The nNOS- mice are resistant to neural stroke damage following middle cerebral artery ligation. Although CO2-induced cerebral vasodilatation in wild-type mice is NO-dependent, in nNOS- mice this vasodilation is unaffected by NOS inhibitors. Establishing a behavioural role for NO has, until now, not been feasible, as NOS inhibitor drugs can only be administered acutely and because their pronounced effects on blood pressure and other body functions obfuscate behavioural interpretations. We now report a large increase in aggressive behaviour and excess, inappropriate sexual behaviour in nNOS- mice.
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PMID:Behavioural abnormalities in male mice lacking neuronal nitric oxide synthase. 747 65

Hypertensive individuals often exhibit immune abnormalities. We have previously reported that spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) had a severely depressed lymphocyte proliferation response caused by excessive nitric oxide (NO) from macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). However, the development of hypertension was not correlated with the lymphocyte depression and elevated NO synthesis in macrophages. In this study, we investigated the effect of hypertension on lymphocytes and the NO synthesis system in borderline hypertensive rats (BHR). BHR became significantly hypertensive after receiving a high sodium diet. The proliferation response of lymphocytes in hypertensive BHR was similar to that of normotensive BHR fed a normal diet or of Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). NO production in macrophages of hypertensive BHR was not different from that of normotensive BHR or WKY. However, NO production in VSMC was significantly elevated in hypertensive BHR. A positive correlation between blood pressure and VSMC NO production exists in hypertensive BHR. These results suggested that high blood pressure neither affected the lymphocyte function nor influenced the activation of NO synthesis in macrophages. Hypertension, however, may influence the activation of VSMC NO synthesis. In conclusion, hypertension is not causally associated with immune dysfunction as seen in SHR but is related to enhanced NO synthesis in VSMC.
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PMID:Hypertension is not related to suppressed lymphocyte proliferation but to elevated NO synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells of borderline hypertensive rat. 749 65

The hemodynamic profile and antiarrhythmic properties of pirsidomine, a nitric oxide donor, were examined in pigs. Intravenous administration of pirsidomine (1 mg/kg) to chloralose-anesthetized open-chest pigs resulted in a decreased afterload, and a reduced myocardial contractility and myocardial oxygen consumption (assessed by rate-pressure product), with no alterations in heart rate. After induction of regional myocardial ischemia by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, pigs given pirsidomine experienced fewer ventricular ectopic beats (119 +/- 29) than control animals did (217 +/- 53; p < 0.05), seen primarily as a reduction in the number of couplets and triplets. Although the incidence of ventricular fibrillation was unaffected by pirsidomine, the time to onset of this arrhythmia was significantly prolonged by this intervention (21.3 +/- 0.9 min versus 16.1 +/- 2.5 min in controls; p < 0.05). Furthermore, the ST-segment depression seen throughout the 30-min occlusion period in controls was not sustained beyond 5 min postocclusion in pirsidomine-treated pigs. Taken together, and in the absence of an ex vivo antiplatelet effect with this dose of pirsidomine, these results suggest that the antiarrhythmic effect of pirsidomine lies in its hemodynamic effects, resulting in a reduction of ischemia. The ex vivo effect of pirsidomine on free radical generation from isolated leukocytes was also investigated. Luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence produced by leukocytes in response to phorbol myristate acetate was markedly depressed in cells isolated from blood withdrawn after administration of pirsidomine, compared with cells tested before drug administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Pirsidomine, a novel nitric oxide donor, suppresses ischemic arrhythmias in anesthetized pigs. 750 68

In patch-clamped Purkinje cells, bath application of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-methyl-L-arginine consistently prevents the induction of long-term depression (LTD) of parallel fibre-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) induced by their pairing with calcium spikes. On the other hand, bath application of nitric oxide donors and of 8-bromoguanosine 3':5' cyclic monophosphate is able to reproduce an LTD-like phenomenon. LTD of parallel fibre-mediated EPSPs also occurs when nitric oxide donors or guanosine 3':5' cyclic monophosphate are directly dialysed into Purkinje cells, and this effect partially occludes LTD induced by pairing protocols. These results show that nitric oxide does play a role in LTD induction, and demonstrate for the first time that its site of action is probably the soluble guanylate cyclase of Purkinje cells.
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PMID:Long-term depression requires nitric oxide and guanosine 3':5' cyclic monophosphate production in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells. 750 17


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