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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Male birds of a laying strain had permanent catheters introduced into the hepatic portal vein via the coccygeo-mesenteric vein. 2. Infusions of 5 ml of 40, 100 or 150 g glucose/l solution over 2 min caused a non-significant depression of food intake compared with a 9 g NaCl/l control solution. 3. Infusions of a range of isotonic glucose solution (0 to 60 g glucose/l, 30- mosm) at 1.4 ml/min over 3 h caused food intake depression within the 3-h period (P less than 0.01) proportional to the logarithm of the dose. 4. This effect was not observed when 60 g glucose/l was infused at the above rates into the jugular vein. 5. Starvation of the bird for 21 h accentuated the depressive effect of glucose load on food intake, especially when birds were not given food until after the 3-h infusion. 6. The infusion of solutions of sodium chloride (1.0 to 13.0 g/l, 33 to 433 mosmoles/kg) at 1.4 ml/min over 3 h stimulated food intake within the range of 3 to 7 g NaCl/l (100 to 233 mosm) but suppressed intake outside this range. This can be interpreted as a possible interaction with water intake control. 7. Infusion of 20 ml of glucose solution (0, 18 or 54 g/l) over 5 min into the crop and 0, 3.75 or 60 g glucose/l at 1.4 ml/min over 3 h into the hepatic portal vein, caused an additive, linear depression of food intake.
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PMID:Evidence for hepatic glucostatic regulation of food intake in the domestic chicken and its interaction with gastro-intestinal control. 729 36

Salt poisoning developed in captive sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) when sea salt was added to normal drinking water to produce a sodium chloride concentration of 1%. Two of 18 cranes died and 2 were euthanatized when moribund. Muscle weakness, paresis, dyspnea, and depression were observed. Brain and serum sodium, serum uric acid, and plasma osmolality values were abnormally high. Lesions were those of visceral gout, renal tubular necrosis, nephrosis, and skeletal muscle necrosis.
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PMID:Iatrogenic salt poisoning in captive sandhill cranes. 732 5

Micropuncture and clearance studies were performed on normal untreated and polyuric lithium chloride treated rats (10-12 days). A persistent hypernatremic state quickly developed in the polyuric lithium treated rats during hydropenia resulting from an increased urinary loss of water over sodium chloride, as the fractional excretion of sodium remained at control levels. Superficial proximal tubule and loop of Henle fluid reabsorption was depressed by 8 and 17%, respectively, in lithium-treated rats during this period. By contrast, water reabsorption in the distal tubule and collecting system was significantly increased in the lithium animals, being 27% of the filtered load compared with 20% in normal rats. These results suggest that the urinary-concentrating defect induced by lithium treatment is due primarily to a depression of proximal tubule and possibly loop of Henle function, and that water reabsorption within the distal nephron may in fact be augmented: thus it is unlikely that the action of antidiuretic hormone is significantly impaired. Marked phosphaturia and hypocalciuria were also noted in the lithium-treated rats.
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PMID:Effect of lithium treatment on rat renal tubule function. Evidence against impaired antidiuretic hormone action. 739 71

Ground Mexican poppy (Argemone mexicana) seed produced growth depression, oedema and death when fed at 1% and 3% of a basal ration to day-old, layer strain, cockerel chickens. The mortality rate was increased by raising the sodium chloride content of the basal ration from 0.18% to 1.68%. Clinical signs consisted of subcutaneous oedema, a high pitched chirp and terminal gasping. Hydropericardium, oedema of the lungs, and subcutaneous oedema of the thorax, abdomen, wings, neck and throat were the major lesions. Foci of calcificaton were present in the ventricular myocardium of some chickens fed 3% A. mexicana.
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PMID:Oedema disease in chickens caused by Mexican poppy (Argemone mexicana) seed. 743 20

The degree and ease with which permanent dipoles in a frozen sample orient in an applied electric field is affected during thermal transitions. This motion can be monitored with dielectric analysis (DEA) at low AC frequencies (< approximately 300,000 Hz). The systems characterized with respect to their behavior in the frozen state consisted of common lyophile excipients in aqueous solutions known to exhibit typical thermodynamic first order transitions. Prior to freezing, solution samples were placed on an interdigitated electrodes and served as the dielectric component of the resulting capacitor. Plots of derivative of dielectric permittivity with respect to time (or temperature) showed the presence of frequency independent peaks (signifying a first order event) at temperatures that coincided with eutectic temperatures (ca. -22 degrees C for sodium chloride-water and ca. -5 degrees C for mannitol-water), amorphous to crystalline transition temperatures (ca. -25 degrees C for mannitol-water), and/or freezing point depression values in water. The values obtained by DEA correlated well with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and literature values. DEA appears to offer added insight over established techniques by not only determining the temperature at which these events occur, but also by defining the thermodynamic order of the event.
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PMID:Dielectric characterization of thermodynamic first order events in model frozen systems intended for lyophilization. 775 54

A total of 34 children with normal renal function underwent either gastrocystoplasty or continent urinary reservoirs with stomach at our institutions. Severe hypochloremic hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis developed in 2 patients, manifested by intractable seizure disorder in 1 and altered mental status with respiratory depression in 1. Symptoms developed at 4 and 6 months, respectively. Despite severe alkalosis, urinary pH was less than 5.0 and fractional excretion of chloride remained high in both patients. Resuscitation with sodium chloride, arginine hydrochloride and potassium chloride restored electrolyte balance in less than 48 hours in both patients. Serum gastrin was slightly elevated in 1 patient (137 pg./ml., normal 0 to 125) who responded to long-term histamine-blocker therapy. The other patient had significant hypergastrinemia (624 pg./ml.) with secondary hyperaldosteronism. Maximum doses of histamine blockers, oral replacement of sodium chloride and potassium chloride, and the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole failed to control recurrent bouts of severe hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis. This patient ultimately underwent removal of three-quarters of the gastric augmentation and replacement with ileum. Postoperatively, serum gastrin levels and electrolytes reverted to normal. The pathophysiology of this potentially lethal complication is further discussed.
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PMID:Metabolic complications of the use of stomach for urinary reconstruction. 832 30

Broiler chicks in different groups were fed furazolidone (0, 400 and 800 mg/kg feed) and sodium chloride (500 and 1510 mg/kg feed) separately and concurrently from 1 to 30 days of age. Furazolidone (Fz) induced ascites, leg weakness, convulsions, depression and mortality was exacerbated by concurrent feeding of 1510 mg NaCl. Hemorrhages in the liver, swollen kidneys, pallor of the kidneys and cystic testes were present in all birds fed furazolidone either alone or in combination with NaCl. However, at microscopic level, necrotic changes were observed in the liver and kidneys of birds fed NaCl only. Fz-induced cardiac ventricular dilatation and thinning of walls were more severe when 400 mg Fz was fed concurrently with 1510 mg NaCl but feeding of 800 mg Fz with the same level of NaCl resulted in partial amelioration of cardiac changes. It is suggested that high dietary NaCl may exacerbate and alter the clinical and morphological picture of Fz toxicosis.
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PMID:Effect of concurrent feeding of furazolidone and sodium chloride upon some clinical, pathological and cardiac morphometric parameters in broiler chicks. 859 92

A study was carried out with White Rock female chicks to evaluate the possibility of using dietary Zn supplied as ZnO, to control feed intake and weight gain during the period of 1 to 3 wk of age. The levels of supplemental Zn tested were 0, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0% (Experiment 1); 0, 0.65, 0.75, and 0.85% (Experiment 2); 0.7 and 0.8% (Experiment 3). The effect of Zn supplementation was compared with that of a low sodium chloride diet (L-NaCl-D) and of severe feed restriction (SFR), which was calculated to supply energy only for maintenance (Experiments 1 and 3, respectively). The compensatory growth of the chicks from 3 to 4 wk of age was also evaluated. Feed intake and weight gain were negatively proportional to the levels of dietary Zn supplementation and there were significant (P < 0.02 and P < 0.01, in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively) negative correlations between supplemental dietary Zn levels and relative weight gains (values observed in the unsupplemented diet = 100%). The effects of L-NaCl-D and SFR on decreasing weight gain were calculated, according to the equations obtained in Experiments 1 and 2 to be equivalent to these of 0.58 to 0.65% and 0.78 to 0.87% Zn supplementation, respectively. Relative weight gain and feed efficiency of the chicks from 3 to 4 wk of age, after withdrawal of the growth-depressing factors, were positively related to the degree of growth depression during 1 to 3 wk of age; however, the intensity of recovery from a similar degree of growth depression induced by L-NaCl-D, SFR, or dietary Zn was least in the last mentioned treatment. It is concluded that dietary Zn supplementation can be used as an efficient tool for controlling early growth of young broiler breeder chicks.
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PMID:The use of diets containing high levels of zinc for controlling early growth in female broiler chicks. 878 47

Effects of propofol (12.5 mg kg-1, i.v. bolus injection) or 0.9% sodium chloride on arterial blood pressure, arterial blood gases and hepatic circulation (radio-labelled microsphere technique) were studied in 15 conscious and unpremedicated rabbits. No significant changes were observed after sodium chloride. Propofol resulted in anaesthesia, respiratory depression (-49 +/- 14% decrease in PaO2; mean +/- SD) and hypotension (-49 +/- 13% decrease in mean arterial pressure; mean +/- SD) but no changes in hepatic arterial and portal venous blood flows. We conclude that propofol does not affect the liver circulation despite marked depression of mean arterial pressure and respiration.
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PMID:Induction of anaesthesia by propofol and hepatic blood flow in the rabbit. 884 71

Bombesin (BN) elicits in the rat important behavioural modifications, including inhibition of food and of water intake. Recently, it has been observed that the peptide also inhibits the intake of sodium chloride. To state whether BN possesses a selective antinatriorexic effect or it elicits only an aspecific depression of ingestive behaviour, we studied the effects of this peptide on the intake of sodium, water or sucrose of Wistar rats after injections into the fourth brain ventricle or into selected brain areas involved in the control of sodium intake, containing BN-like peptides and/or their precursors or specific receptors. We observed that: a) BN (100-200 ng/rat) injected into the fourth brain ventricle inhibits not only the intake of 2% NaCl of sodium depleted rats but also that of water and of 5% sucrose; b) BN (5-50 ng/rat) administered into the nucleus of the solitary tract and the medial amygdala does not influence the intake of these fluids and c) BN (5-50 ng/rat) injected into the paraventricular nucleus does not influence the intake of water and 5% sucrose but potently inhibits that of 2% NaCl. We concluded that the inhibitory effect elicited on salt intake by intracranial administration of BN is selective for this behaviour and is not the expression of an aspecific depression of ingestive behaviour.
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PMID:Bombesin affects the central nervous system to produce sodium intake inhibition in rats. 940 9


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