Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Quorum sensing gives rise to biofilm formation on the membrane surface, which in turn causes a loss of water permeability in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for wastewater treatment. Enzymatic quorum quenching was reported to successfully inhibit the formation of biofilm in MBRs through the decomposition of signal molecules, N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs). The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms of quorum quenching in more detail in terms of microbial population dynamics and proteomics. Microbial communities in MBRs with and without a quorum quenching enzyme (acylase) were analyzed using pyrosequencing and compared with each other. In the quorum quenching MBR, the rate of transmembrane pressure (TMP) rise-up was delayed substantially, and the proportion of quorum sensing bacteria with AHL-like autoinducers (such as Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter) also decreased in the entire microbial community of mature biofilm in comparison to that in the control MBR. These factors were attributed to the lower production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which are known to play a key role in the formation of biofilm. Proteomic analysis using the Enterobacter cancerogenus strain ATCC 35316 demonstrates the possible depression of protein expression related to microbial attachments to solid surfaces (outer membrane protein, flagellin) and the agglomeration of microorganisms (ATP synthase beta subunit) with the enzymatic quorum quenching. It has been argued that changes in the microbial population, EPS and proteins via enzymatic quorum quenching could inhibit the formation of biofilm, resulting in less biofouling in the quorum quenching MBR.
 ...
PMID:Microbial population dynamics and proteomics in membrane bioreactors with enzymatic quorum quenching. 2284

The cultivated potato is tetraploid with four probably equivalent loci for each gene. A potato variety is furthermore commonly genetically heterogeneous and selected based on a beneficial genetic context which is maintained by clonal propagation. When introducing genetic changes by genome editing it is then desirable to achieve edits in all four loci for a certain gene target. This is in order to avoid crosses to achieve homozygosity for edited gene loci and at the same time reduce risk of inbreeding depression. In such a context transient transfection of protoplasts for the introduction of mutations, avoiding stable insertion of foreign DNA, would be very attractive. The protocol of this chapter has been shown to be applicable for the introduction of mutations by DNA vectors containing expression cassettes of TALEN, Cas9, and Cas9 deaminase fusions together with sgRNA expression cassettes on either single or separate vectors. Furthermore, the protoplast-based system has been shown to work very efficiently for mutations introduced by in vitro-produced and transfected RNP (ribonucleoprotein) complexes.
 ...
PMID:Protoplast-Based Method for Genome Editing in Tetraploid Potato. 3326 10


<< Previous 1 2