Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In studying hemocoagulation in dogs under conditions of Frunze (760 m above the sea level) and Tuya-Ashu (3200 m above the sea level) it was shown that in the "emergency" phase of adaptation (the first three days) there was seen activation of fibrinolysin and profibrinolysin with depression of antifibrinolysins and inhibitors of profibrinolysin activators. The concentration of plasma fibrinogen at that period decreased by 100 mg%, which could promote an increase in the vascular permeability and improvement of oxygen approach to the tissues. Later, along with elevation of fibrinolysin and profibrinolysin activators there was a marked increase in the level of fibrinolysis inhibitors. Correlation of all the fibrinolysis components was established at a new level.
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PMID:[Changes in fibrinolysis components during short-term adaptation to high altitude]. 13 9

Factors affecting fibrin formation and dissolution were compared for 15 women taking combined oral contraceptives and 15 women using nonpharmacological methods of birth control. The two groups were matched for age, body weight, time of blood collection, and day in menstrual cycle; none of the women was receiving other drugs known to affect the blood coagulation or fibrinolytic parameters measured in this study. Fibrinogen concentrations tended to be higher in the experimental group; the degree of fibrinogen degradation, number of fibrin cross-links, and levels of factor XIII and plasminogen were the same for both group. There were significant reductions in antithrombin activity, the euglobulin lysis time, and fibrinolytic inhibitor level in women using oral contraceptives. An estrogen dose effect was suggested for fibrinogen concentration and the degree of antithrombin activity. The increased fibrinolytic activity and decreased fibrinolytic inhibitor levels are consistent with in vitro observations that antithrombin also inhibits plasmin activity. Thus while oral contraceptive-induced depression of antithrombin III could possibly predispose to thrombosis by diminishing the inhibition of the serine protease clotting factors, the concomitant decreased level of plasmin inhibition might balance the system by favoring thrombolysis as well as the digestion and inactivation of certain clotting factors by plasmin.
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PMID:Fibrin formation and dissolution in women receiving oral contraceptive drugs. 84 77

A study was made of blood coagulation, physiological anticoagulants and fibrinolysis in 120 elderly patients with cerebrovascular diseases, including 50 subjects in the acute period of ischemic brain stroke. To estimate activation of the fibrinolytic system, the levels of plasminogen and free plasmin were measured. Phasic changes in the system of blood coagulation were detected, variants of antithrombin III depression were delineated, and a relationship was established between the activity of enzymes of the fibrinolytic system and the site of an ischemic focus in the brain. Five coagulopathic syndromes of the acute period of brain stroke were distinguished, the principles of their differentiated treatment were based.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and treatment of coagulopathic syndromes in ischemic stroke]. 166 74

The fibrinolytic potential of the vasculature is modulated primarily by the availability and activity of plasminogen activators, which convert the zymogen plasminogen into the active fibrin-degrading enzyme plasmin. The activities of these key regulatory enzymes are directly neutralized by their primary endogenous inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Although some individuals with a tendency to develop thrombotic disorders exhibit elevated levels of PAI-1 in their plasma, the cause-and-effect relationship between increased PAI-1 and thrombosis is still unclear. Specifically, it is not known whether chronic depression of fibrinolytic activity results in the development of thrombosis. To address this question we developed transgenic mice in which the contribution of PAI-1 to thrombus formation could be evaluated. The results presented in this report indicate that elevated levels of PAI-1 contribute to the development of venous but not arterial occlusions.
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PMID:Development of venous occlusions in mice transgenic for the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene. 236 66

The participation of plasmin active site in the trigger's mechanisms of the compensatory reaction of haemostasis system on this enzyme was studied in the experiments on white rats and rabbits using intravenous injection and perfusion of the humorally isolated carotid sinus are with intact innervation. Native enzyme, the enzyme with reversibly (acylated plasmin) and irreversibly (diisopropylphosphoryl plasmin) blocked active site were used. It was ascertained that the development of the compensatory reaction of haemostasis system on plasmin, manifested by hypercoagulation and depression of fibrinolysis, is conditioned by the proteolytic activation of the vascular wall receptors.
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PMID:[The role of the active center of the enzyme in the triggering mechanism of the compensatory reaction to plasmin]. 252 41

Serial changes of FPA, FPB beta 15-42, FN, XIIIa, and alpha 2PI were investigated for the study on wound healing, blood coagulation, and fibrinolysis during gastric cancer surgery. For a control, we compared the preoperative values with the postoperative ones. These results also were compared with the values in healthy volunteers and in patients with cholelithiasis or myoma uteri. Our findings were as follows; 1) Compared with the control values, a statistically significant elevation of FPA, FPB beta 15-42 and FPA/FPB beta 15-42 ratios in patients with gastric cancer was noticed after operation. 2) Compared with the control values, a statistically marked decrease of FN, XIIIa and alpha 2PI in patients with gastric cancer was observed after operation. 3) The preoperative FPA and FPB beta 15-42 levels of gastric cancer patients were appreciably greater than those of normal healthy volunteers. Compared with patients with cholelithiasis or myoma uteri, however, the only preoperative FPA of gastric cancer patients showed significantly high levels. 4) FN and alpha 2PI revealed a notable positive correlation. These results suggest (1) increase of coagulation activity (thrombin formation) in gastric cancer patients; (2) increase of intravascular coagulation and fibrinolytic activity (thrombin and plasmin formation) during gastric cancer surgery; and, (3) depression of FN, XIIIa and alpha 2PI during surgery was due to sequestration at the site of tissue injury.
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PMID:[Wound healing, blood coagulation and fibrinolysis during operations involving gastric cancer surgery]. 256 16

Significance of fibrinolysis in pathophysiology of progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) has been the subject of much speculation. Renal disease in PSS was associated with significant depression of an inhibitor of fibrinolysis, antithrombin III (ATIII), independent of general disease activity. Association of ATIII depression with plasminogen consumption supports an active role for plasmin or another ATIII-inhibitable enzyme in the pathophysiology of renal disease in PSS, and may explain the thrombotic tendency and propensity for fibrin deposition.
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PMID:Perturbation of fibrinolysis inhibitors in progressive systemic sclerosis. 258 28

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), the precursor fatty acid of three series of prostaglandins, has been reported to have an antiatherothrombotic potential. We gave highly purified EPA in a soft capsule (90% ethylester form of EPA; EPA-E) to 6 healthy male volunteers for 4 weeks. After the administration of 900 mg/day of EPA-E for two weeks or longer, a significant reduction in plasma beta thromboglobulin level was observed, and after 4 weeks' administration, significantly blunted pressor responsiveness to infused angiotensin II was observed. These changes were not observed 4 weeks after EPA-E had been discontinued. After 4 weeks' ingestion of EPA-E, the platelet count, mean platelet volume, platelet aggregation with adenosine diphosphate or collagen, plasma recalcification time, prothrombin time, plasma antithrombin III, fibrinogen or plasmin concentrations, serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, total phospholipid, nonesterified fatty acid or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were unchanged. From the data presented it can be said that EPA-E causes a mild depression of vascular contractility and of platelet aggregability in vivo and exerts a beneficial influence on several cardiovascular factors.
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PMID:Effects of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid on plasma beta thromboglobulin level and vascular reactivity to angiotensin II. 282 70

No distinct differences were noted in the components of plasmin-treated IgG from the known components of papain-treated IgG (Fab and Fc fragments and untreated IgG) on the physicochemical and the immunological properties and the biological activities. Incubation of IgG with 30 cu/g of plasmin for 96 hours at 20 degrees C was found to be optimum. The plasmin-treated IgG by this condition, which gives complement-fixing ability (C'H50) below 23, did not show blood pressure depression, i.e. below 10% for dogs. Three components (Pl-Fab, Pl-Fc and Pl-IgG) were isolated from the plasmin-treated IgG by gel filtration on Sephadex G200 and CM-cellulose column chromatography. The Pl-Fc and the Fc isolated from the papain-treated IgG were obtained in crystalline forms. The extinction coefficients at 280 nm were 14.0 (IgG), 14.2 (Pl-Fab) and 14.1 (Pl-Fc). The molecular weights were 163,000, 58,000 and 54,000 and the S20,w values were 6.82, 3.82 and 3.77 for Pl-IgG, Pl-Fab and Pl-Fc, respectively. These three components were identical with IgG, Fab and Fc, respectively, on the electrophoretic and the immunological demonstrations. The titer of complement-fixation of IgG was decreased from 49 to 19 by plasmin treatment, however, it was retained at low level even in each isolated component. Whe 7S IgG was incubated at 37 degrees C, reaggregation was observed, as generally understood accompanying by elevated complement-fixing ability. Whereas it was noticed after long-term incubation of plasmin-treated IgG that the changes of complement-fixing ability could occur independently from the amount of aggregates. This fact was clearly revealed on the experiments in which IgG was treated at pH 3 in glycine buffer solution.
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PMID:[Studies on the properties of the component of plasmin-treated IgG and the relation between IgG aggregates and complement-fixing ability (author's transl)]. 428 70

In a randomized double-blind study of thirty grossly obese patients undergoing gastroplasty for weight reduction, the effects of intramuscular and epidural morphine were compared as regards analgesia, ambulation, gastrointestinal motility, early and late pulmonary function, duration of hospitalization, and occurrence of deep vein thrombosis in the postoperative period. The patients were operated on under thoracic epidural block combined with light endotracheal anesthesia. A six-grade scale was devised to quantify postoperative mobilization. A radioactive isotope method using 99mTc -plasmin was employed to detect postoperative deep vein thrombosis. For 14 hr after the first analgesic injection, respiratory frequency was noted every 15 min and arterial blood gases were measured hourly. Peak expiratory flow was recorded daily until the patient was discharged from hospital. Spirometry was performed the day before and the day after surgery. Plasma concentrations of morphine were measured after both intramuscular and epidural administration. Both intramuscular and epidural morphine gave effective analgesia, but the average dose of intramuscular morphine was up to seven times greater than that required by the epidural route. A larger number of patients receiving epidural morphine postoperatively were able to sit, stand, or walk unassisted within 6, 12, and 24 hr, respectively. Being alert and more mobile as a result of superior postoperative analgesia from epidural morphine, patients in this group benefited more from vigorous physiotherapy routine, which resulted in fewer pulmonary complications. Furthermore, earlier postoperative recovery of peak expiratory flow and bowel function presumably contributed to a significantly shorter hospitalization in patients receiving epidural morphine. There was no evidence of prolonged respiratory depression in this high-risk category of patients. The 99mTc -plasmin tests revealed no significant difference between the two groups.
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PMID:Comparison of intramuscular and epidural morphine for postoperative analgesia in the grossly obese: influence on postoperative ambulation and pulmonary function. 623 17


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