Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activities of microvillus aminopeptidase (microsomal, EC 3.4.11.2), dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.-), glycyl-leucine dipeptidase (EC 3.4.13.11), proline dipeptidase (EC 3.4.13.9), sucrase (EC 3.2.1.48) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (EC 2.3.2.2) were measured in peroral intestinal biopsies taken from patients with coeliac disease in the acute phase and in remission. A comparison with the amounts of corresponding activities from a reference group showed that all the measured activities were significantly decreased in the acute phase of the disease. In patients in remission only microvillus aminopeptidase and dipeptidyl dipeptidase IV displayed a substantial depression as compared to the reference group. It is suggested that a primary mucosal digestion defect will result in lack of substrate for other intestinal enzymes. This is a situation comparable to starvation and may explain the variation in the grade of restitution for the different enzymes.
 ...
PMID:Intestinal peptidases and sucrase in coeliac disease. 700 82

Month of admission data to psychiatric facilities in New South Wales, 1971-76, were examined for some 23,000 patients with a depressive disorder to determine if seasonal variations in admissions, described in the northern hemisphere, exist there. In addition, data were examined on month of occurrence of some 3,000 deaths due to suicide and self-inflicted injury, over the same period. Seasonality was demonstrated for three 'psychotic' depressive disorders, but not found for neurotic depression, further supporting the binary view of depression. A peak incidence in spring was found for MDP-mania and reactive depressive psychosis, while the peak incidence for MDP-depression was was in late winter. It is suggested that the increase in certain affective disorders around spring may follow a rapid increase in luminance, and in stimulation of the pineal gland. Suicidal deaths of males did not show significant seasonality, while those of females showed two incidence peaks, the significant one occurring in spring.
 ...
PMID:Seasonal variation in depressive disorders and suicidal deaths in New South Wales. 710 54

There is evidence that dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may protect against cardiovascular diseases, but the involvement of the cardiac muscle cell in this beneficial action remain largely unknown. The present study compared the respective influence of n-3 and n-6 PUFA on the function of cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (CM). Cells were grown for 4 days in media enriched either n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA and docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) or n-6 (arachidonic acid, AA) PUFA. The PUFA n-6/n-3 ratio in the phospholipids was close to 1 and 20 in the n-3 and n-6 cells, respectively. The transmembrane potentials were recorded using microelectrodes and the contractions were monitored with a photoelectric device. In physiological conditions, the increase of n-6 PUFA level in the phospholipids resulted in a significant decrease in the maximal rate of initial depolarization (-16%). In opposition, the action potential amplitude and duration were not altered, and the cell contraction outline was not affected. Ischemia was simulated in vitro using a substrate-free, hypoxia-reoxygenation procedure in a specially designed gas-flow chamber. The progressive loss of electrical activity induced by the substrate-free, hypoxic treatment was affected by the n-6/n-3 ratio, since the n-6 rich CM displayed a slower depression of the AP amplitude and duration parameters. Conversely, the recovery of the resting potential (MDP) during reoxygenation was faster in n-3 CM, whereas the recovery of the contraction parameters was unaffected by the fatty acid composition of the cells. These results suggested that, in physiological conditions, the modification of long chain PUFA balance in the phospholipids of cardiac muscle cells may modulate the initial AP upstroke, which is governed by sodium channels. Moreover, the presence of n-3 PUFA appeared to accelerate the electrical depression during substrate-free hypoxia but in turn to allow a faster recovery upon reoxygenation.
 ...
PMID:Influence of phospholipid long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid composition on neonatal rat cardiomyocyte function in physiological conditions and during glucose-free hypoxia-reoxygenation. 935 58

The purpose of this paper is to review ways in which the neurohormonal system can interact with the immune system and to outline the main mechanisms which are involved in this interaction. Experimental as well as clinical evidence is presented to support the existence of a close interaction and bi-directional communication between the central nervous and immune systems. The role of major endocrine mechanisms and hormones is discussed. The evidences from experimental work to support the roles of the nervous system with neurotransmitters, the endocrine system with hormones, and the immune system with cytokines are presented. Aging, depression and cancer have a high degree of co-association and share mechanisms which result in cellular immune deficiency. Hormone therapy, zinc replenishment, antidepressants, immunomodulators like MDP act on these pathways to upregulate and improve cellular immunity. The authors believe that the central nervous system (CNS)-immune interaction is an important new frontier to be considered for new combination therapy in diseases with cellular immune deficiency such as cancer particularly in the aged with depression.
 ...
PMID:Neuroendocrine immune interactions in health and disease. 1286 Jan 79

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) is a multifunctional cell-surface protein that, as well as having dipeptidase activity, is the major binding protein for adenosine deaminase (ADA) and also binds extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin and collagen. It typically reduces the activity of chemokines and other peptide mediators as a result of its enzymatic activity. DPPIV is aberrantly expressed in many cancers, and decreased expression has been linked to increases in invasion and metastasis. We asked whether adenosine, a purine nucleoside that is present at increased levels in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, might affect the expression of DPPIV at the cell surface. Treatment with a single dose of adenosine produced an initial transient (1 to 4 hours) modest (approximately 10%) increase in DPPIV, followed by a more profound (approximately 40%) depression of DPPIV protein expression at the surface of HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells, with a maximal decline being reached after 48 hours, and persisting for at least a week with daily exposure to adenosine. This down-regulation ofDPPIV occurred at adenosine concentrations comparable to those present within the extracellular fluid of colorectal tumors growing in vivo, and was not elicited by inosine or guanosine. Neither cellular uptake of adenosine nor its phosphorylation was necessary for the down-regulation of DPPIV. The decrease in DPPIV protein at the cell surface was paralleled by decreases in DPPIV enzyme activity, binding of ADA, and the ability of the cells to bind to and migrate on cellular fibronectin. Adenosine, at concentrations that exist within solid tumors, therefore acts at the surface of colorectal carcinoma cells to decrease levels and activities of DPPIV. This down-regulation of DPPIV may increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to the tumor-promoting effects of adenosine and their response to chemokines and the extracellular matrix, facilitating their expansion and metastasis.
 ...
PMID:Adenosine down-regulates the surface expression of dipeptidyl peptidase IV on HT-29 human colorectal carcinoma cells: implications for cancer cell behavior. 1521 86

(1) Many drugs are available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, but only metformin and glibenclamide have a proven impact on morbidity and mortality outcomes (only morbidity in the case of glibenclamide). If monotherapy with one of these drugs is inadequately effective, there is a choice of abandoning strict glycaemic control, combining the two drugs, or adding insulin. (2) Sitagliptin, a glucose-lowering inhibitor of DPP-4 (dipeptidyl dipeptidase 4), the enzyme responsible for catabolising physiological incretins, is the latest addition to the list of oral glucose-lowering drugs. (3) Sitagliptin has not been tested for its effect on morbidity or mortality endpoints. (4) Five placebo-controlled trials lasting from 18 to 24 weeks have evaluated sitagliptin monotherapy (3 trials), sitagliptin combined with metformin, or sitagliptin combined with pioglitazone. These trials showed that sitagliptin induced a limited reduction in glycated haemoglobin levels, which usually remained above the cutoff point (7%) generally used to define proper glycaemic controlled. (5) A trial comparing sitagliptin + metformin versus glipizide + metformin, and a direct comparison of sitagliptin versus glipizide, provided a too low level of evidence to convincingly demonstrate the non-inferiority of the sitagliptin combination. (6) In one trial the sitagliptin + metformin combination was significantly more effective on glycated haemoglobin levels than either drug used alone. (7) In the short term, the main adverse effects of sitagliptin are nausea and constipation. In the long term, there is a risk of infections, especially upper respiratory tract infections. Cases of depression have also been reported. Sitagliptin sometimes increases creatinine levels. Pharmacological data suggest there might be an increased risk of cancer and muscular and neurological disorders. (8) In summary, whether used alone or in combination, the antidiabetic effects of sitagliptin, so far studied on surrogate endpoints, are too modest, given the outstanding safety issues, to recommend its use in patients with type 2 diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Sitagliptin: new drug. Type 2 diabetes: limited efficacy, too many unknown risks. 1835 61

Depression can be disguised by somatic symptoms, chronic pain, hypochondriacal or psychosomatic disorder. The predominant somatic presentation may render such cases to be misdiagnosed, wrongly investigated and treated. In this study 30 consecutive patients diagnosed as MDP Depression, who lacked sadness but presented with chronic pain have been described. The patients were mainly female, middle aged and from urban background. Pain, usually at multiple sites, was reported to be severe by most patients. Predominant depressive symptoms were lack of interest in surrounding (97%), though this was not directly reported, early morning a wakening (87%), loss of appetite (93%), suicidal ideas (67 %). None had marked sadness or weeping spells. Lack of reactivity of mood was present in only two cases. The clinical implications of such patients is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Depressive psychosis presenting as chronic pain disorder. 2192 44

Complete clinical data of 50 consecutive patients of MDP registered at the Hospital for Psychiatric Diseases Srinagar from 1st December 1970 onwards was examined retrospectively in 1986 to determine the relationship between seasonal variations and occurence or recurrence of affective disorders. The highest number of attacks of mania occured during summer, whereas the highest number of attacks of depression occurred during later half of winter and early half of spring.
 ...
PMID:10-15 years retrospective study of 50 patients of mdp for seasonal variations. 2192 19


<< Previous 1 2