Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Six weeks after the injection of streptozotocin at 125 mg/kg i.p. in the AV line nondiabetic Chinese hamsters, the animals showed hyperglycemia, increased kidney, pancreas and stomach weights and stomach glucagon contents and depletion of insulin and glucagon in the pancreas. 2. Plasma beta-D-galactosidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase were elevated; whereas alpha-D-glucosidase was decreased and alpha-D-galactosidase remained unchanged in the plasma. 3. In the kidney, streptozotocin-diabetes led to depression of alpha-D-mannosidase, beta-D-fucosidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activities in both 12,000 g supernatant and precipitate fractions, decreases in alpha-D-glucosidase in the supernatant only and no change in alpha-L-fucosidase, alpha-D-galactosidase, beta-D-galactosidase and beta-D-glucuronidase. 4. In the liver, significant increases in N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, alpha-D-galactosidase, beta-D-galactosidase, beta-D-fucosidase, beta-D-glucosidase and alpha-D-mannosidase were found in either the supernatant or the precipitate fraction of the diabetic animals. The data indicate diabetes-dependent tissue-specific changes in glycohydrolases in the Chinese hamster.
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PMID:Alterations in glycohydrolase activities in streptozotocin-diabetic Chinese hamsters (Cricetulus griseus). 31 16

Feeding sodium deoxycholate orally to rats for four days caused depression of the activity of the small intestinal enzymes lactase, sucrase, maltase, alkaline phosphatase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. The first four are brush border enzymes, the last a lysosomal enzyme. Alkaline phosphatase activity recovered very rapidly and rebounded to above the normal level within 24 hours. The activity of the three disaccharidases returned to normal within seven days while no recovery was observed within 96 hours of the activity of the lysosomal enzyme, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, after removing the bile salt from the diet.
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PMID:Deoxycholate depresses small-intestinal enzyme activity. 114 Jun 27

The effects of repeated oral administration of the synthetic trypsin inhibitor camostat on intestinal macromolecular transport and disaccharidase development were investigated in suckling rats. By daily treatment with camostat, bovine immunoglobulin (Ig) G transport in the intestine declined more rapidly in treated than in control rats. The absorption curve shifted to the left in treated rats 3 days before the controls. Morphological inspection of treated pups showed a decline in the number of epithelial cells that absorb bovine IgG and in their vesicle size from basal to upper regions of the villi. Maltase activity precociously increased with camostat treatment. Chronic subcutaneous injection of camostat did not cause any changes in IgG transport and maltase activity. The depression of IgG transport by oral treatment with camostat was not affected by the cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor antagonist L 364718 and was not inhibited by adrenalectomy. The absorptive responses of IgG and maltase activity were not affected by CCK-8 treatment. These data indicate that oral administration of camostat induces precocious maturation of the small intestine and that the effect is not mediated via endogenous CCK released by camostat.
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PMID:Precocious cessation of intestinal macromolecular transport by synthetic trypsin inhibitor in suckling rats. 144 38

The trypanocidal drug suramin is known to concentrate in lysosomes and to depress the activity of different lysosomal enzymes. We have previously shown that suramin can inhibit the activity of the islet lysosomal enzyme acid amyloglucosidase, a glycogenolytic glucose-producing hydrolase, which seems to be involved in certain insulin-secretory processes. In the present investigation we studied the pH dependency and dose-response effects of suramin on islet lysosomal enzyme activities as well as the effect of suramin treatment on the insulin-secretory response to various secretagogues in mice. It was found that two injections of suramin (0.18 mmol/kg) to normal NMRI mice at -24 and -2 h induced a moderate depression of the activities of islet acid amyloglucosidase (-22%) and acid phosphatase (-13%), whereas no effect was recorded for the activities of acid alpha-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and the non-lysosomal enzyme neutral alpha-glucosidase. Direct addition of different concentrations of suramin to islet homogenates showed that the drug was a potent inhibitor of acid amyloglucosidase and acid alpha-glucosidase at pH 4.0. At pH 5.0, suramin induced a large increase in acid alpha-glucosidase activity, whereas acid amyloglucosidase and acid phosphatase were inhibited. Suramin-injected mice showed a reduced insulin-secretory response to the sulphonylurea drug glibenclamide (-45%), whereas the insulin response to the cholinergic agonist carbachol or the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX (1-isobutyl-3-methylxanthine) was unaffected. It is concluded that suramin inhibits islet acid amyloglucosidase activity in vivo and in vitro, whereas its effect on acid alpha-glucosidase is complex and pH dependent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of the lysosomotropic drug suramin on islet lysosomal enzyme activities and the insulin-secretory response induced by various secretagogues. 172 7

Oral administration of the antiulcerogenic drug, cimetidine, was studied on kidney-bound hydrolytic enzymes at three different dose levels (30 mg, 100 mg, and 2000 mg/kg body weight) and for single administration for 2 and 24 h, and daily administration for 15 days in mice. It significantly inhibited Na+, K(+)-ATPase, Mg(2+)-ATPase, and Ca2+, Mg(2+)-ATPase in the isolated basolateral membrane (BLM). Brush-border-membrane-(BBM)-associated enzymes, sucrase, lactase, maltase, leucine aminopeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase also showed a marked reduction. Substrate saturation kinetics revealed the nature of inhibition was of mixed type in the case of sucrase, lactase, maltase, and alkaline phosphatase (Km was increased, while Vmax decreased), whereas it was of non-competitive type for leucine aminopeptidase (Km was unchanged, while Vmax decreased). In vitro addition of cimetidine (5-20 mM) to the BBM also inhibited the enzyme activity. Dixon plot produced the inhibition constant (Ki) for cimetidine in the case of maltase, alkaline phosphatase, and leucine aminopeptidase in the order of 14.83, 32.83 and 11.5 mM, respectively. Analysis of lipids revealed a significant reduction in BBM-associated phospholipid and phospholipid/cholesterol molar ratio, while the neutral lipid fraction, i.e., cholesterol and triglycerides were not altered. Free fatty acid exhibited an increase after drug treatment, which was significant at higher dose after 24 h of single and 15 days of daily treatment. BLM-associated lipids did not exhibit any significant change. Cimetidine-induced depression in renal BLM- and BBM-associated disaccharidases and ATPases, at least at the higher dose level, may have serious consequences in the absorption of end-product nutrients.
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PMID:Depression of membrane-bound hydrolases by cimetidine in mouse renal basolateral and brush border. 183 34

The influence of glucocorticoid administration and limited nursing on piglet carbohydrase enzyme development and subsequent growth was examined in three experiments using 371 piglets. Treatments in the first two experiments were formed by the factorial arrangement of hydrocortisone (-HYD or +HYD) and limited nursing (-LN or +LN) imposed form d 14 to weaning (d 28). Hydrocortisone was replaced by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the third experiment. Growth rates were severely depressed by HYD (P less than .01), LN (P less than .001) and to a lesser extent (P less than .06) by ACTH during the last 2 wk of lactation. During the first 14 d postweaning, piglets continued to grow more slowly following HYD treatment (P less than .01), whereas LN piglets grew more rapidly than those allowed to suckle normally. Although piglets were smaller at weaning after HYD injection (P less than .01), relative weights of liver, pancreas and small intestine were increased (P less than .05). Only adrenal weights were increased by ACTH (P less than .09). Pancreatic and intestinal amylase activities were increased two- to three-fold by HYD injection (P less than .05) but were unaffected by ACTH or LN (P greater than .10). Sucrase and maltase activity increased linearly with age (P less than .001). This rate of increase was numerically enhanced by glucocorticoid treatment and LN. The normal decrease in lactase activity was accelerated by LN and HYD injection, with the greatest depression caused by the combination of LN and either HYD or ACTH administration (P less than .05). Glucocorticoid administration to nursing piglets can evoke premature elevation of the carbohydrase enzymes necessary for initiating the hydrolysis of starch.
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PMID:Effect of glucocorticoids and limiting nursing on the carbohydrate digestive capacity and growth rate of piglets. 255 55

BAY m1099 (a 1-deoxynojirimycin derivative) is a glucose analogue which is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. Its effects on post-prandial blood glucose and insulin levels was compared with a placebo in 12 healthy male volunteers (6 Blacks and 6 Whites). It produced a similar, significant depression of post-prandial blood glucose and insulin levels when the groups were assessed separately and when the data were pooled. Although blood insulin levels in Whites were higher than in Blacks, as previously reported, the difference was not statistically significant and did not appear to influence the response to the drug. BAY 1099 produced no objective or subjective untoward effects and appears to warrant further investigation as an adjuvant to dietary control of diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:The effect of a 1-deoxynojirimycin derivative on post-prandial blood glucose and insulin levels in healthy black and white volunteers. 293 61

A case of prolonged diarrhoea following Escherichia coli 0111 gastroenteritis is reported. Electron microscopy of the jejunal biopsy revealed effacement of the brush border and attachment of bacteria by pedestal formation. Specific activities of brush border enzymes showed marked depression of disaccharidases, zinc-resistant alpha-glucosidase, and alkaline phosphatase. In contrast, marker enzymes for basolateral membranes and endoplasmic reticulum were unaffected. The biochemical changes support the pathogenic mechanism suggested by ultrastructural studies previously reported.
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PMID:Ultrastructural and biochemical changes in human jejunal mucosa associated with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (0111) infection. 351 Dec 12

Miglitol is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor which lowers blood glucose and insulin concentrations in healthy volunteers after a starch meal. It also lowers blood glucose concentrations after a starch meal in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, but under these circumstances insulin is unaffected. We have studied the effect of miglitol after a glucose load in six healthy male volunteers. Although one would expect an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor to have no effect on blood glucose concentrations after a glucose load, miglitol produced a significant decrease in blood glucose concentrations after the absorption peak. This could be due to enhancement of insulin effects or to depression of anti-insulin factors.
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PMID:Miglitol may have a blood glucose lowering effect unrelated to inhibition of alpha-glucosidase. 354 25

An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of pathogenic Escherichia coli inoculated into the yolk sac of day-old turkeys. Escherichia coli was isolated from the yolk sac of stunted poults and inoculated directly into the yolk sac of day-old birds. Poults were administered either .1 ml of uninoculated sterile Todd-Hewitt broth or .1 ml of a 10(-3) or 10(-2) dilution of a 24-hr E. coli culture containing 3.4 X 10(8) viable bacteria/ml. In addition, poults were fed either 28 or 22% protein diets from 0 to 21 days of age to form a 3 X 2 factorial arrangement. Body weight gain and feed consumption were measured weekly, and dry matter and protein retention and nitrogen-corrected metabolizable energy were measured from 7 to 10 and 17 to 20 days postinoculation. Intestinal mucosal dipeptidase and maltase activities were determined at 21 days of age. Average mortality by 7 days of age was increased from 1 to 36% from the E. coli inoculation of the yolk sac. Escherichia coli significantly depressed body weight gain and feed consumption 27 and 30, 13 and 16, and 6 and 8%, respectively, during the first, second, and third weeks of the experiment but failed to affect feed efficiency. Feeding a 28% protein diet alleviated the depression in feed consumption and body weight gain to some extent compared with a substantial depression at 22% protein. Nitrogen content and gross energy of the excreta were increased by both dilutions of E. coli for the 7 to 10-day period; this was indicative of a malabsorption of nutrients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Dietary protein and yolk sac inoculation with Escherichia coli in young turkeys. 389 12


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