Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The oral toxicity of a mixture of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (1:0.62, w/w) compounds typically found in munitions plant effluents, was evaluated in mammalian species. Single-dose oral LD50s of the mixture were 574 and 594 mg/kg in male and female rats and 947 and 1130 mg/kg in male and female mice, respectively. Long dispersion periods during preparation or ultraviolet irradiation of the mixture lowered the LD50s. In repeated-exposure studies, dogs were given 0.50, 5.0 or 50 mg/kg X d by capsule for up to 90 d. Rats and mice were fed the mixture in the diet at 0.005, 0.05, or 0.5% for 90 d; mice were also fed at 0.25%. Mortality resulted at the highest dose level in each species. All three species showed depression of body weight or body weight gain, depressed food intake, moderate to severe anemia, and alterations in the spleen (hemosiderosis), liver (hepatomegaly), and testes (atrophy) at the highest dose levels. Cholesterol was elevated in rats and dogs after 90 d. Several species differences were also noted. Uric acid values were elevated in rats but not in dogs, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) activity was low in dogs but unchanged in rats, and rats developed hypoplasia of the uterus but dogs did not. Signs of anemia were present at the intermediate dose levels. The lowest dose level in all three species was designated at a "no observable effects" level, based on the absence of clearly treatment-related effects. In a 4-wk study, the irradiated mixture fed to rats at 0.003, 0.03, or 0.3% in the diet was less toxic than the unirradiated mixture.
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PMID:Short-term oral toxicity of a 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine mixture in mice, rats, and dogs. 710 80

KW2083 7-N-(p-hydroxyphenyl) mitomycin C is a mitomycin C derivative, but not its masked compound. KW2083 differs from mitomycin C in various points. A phase I study of KW2083 by single intravenous injection was performed in 21 patients with advanced solid tumor. The dose limiting factor of this drug is marrow depression, and 70mg/m2 causing marked thrombocytopenia was determined as maximum tolerated dose. The thrombocyte count and the WBC count reached to nadir the minimum 2 to 3 weeks after and 1 to 2 weeks after the administration and recovered in 1 to 2 weeks and in 2 to 3 weeks respectively. As gastrointestinal symptoms, nausea or vomiting (38.1%), and anorexia (28.6%) occurred soon after the administration, and stomatitis and diarrhea were also observed in one case each. In addition, petechia, hemorrhagic tendency and fever were found in one case each. Patients receiving 70mg/m2 showed slight alopecia and transient slight in GOT and GPT elevation.
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PMID:[Phase I study of KW2083 7-N-(p-hydroxyphenyl) mitomycin C]. 718 79

Inoculation of 2 groups of dogs with 1 X 10(9) and 4 X 10(9) Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae produced disease varying from transient fever to uremia and death. Clinical signs of disease in the severely affected dogs were fever, dehydration, depression, and icterus. Laboratory changes in serum of infected dogs included increased urea nitrogen, creatinine, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. Chloride concentration decreased in the serum of dogs with severe disease. The icterus in the infected dogs did not appear to be related to hemolytic anemia.
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PMID:Serum biochemical changes in dogs with experimental Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae infection. 727 Oct 27

The oral administration of CCl4 (2.5 ml/kg) to male rats inducted increase in the activity of serum GPT, accumulation of hepatic triglyceride, acceleration of depression in the activities of microsomal enzymes, disaggregation of hepatic polyribosomes, and decrease in the ability of in vitro protein synthesis 0.5 hr after the intubation. When, however, a small dose of CCl4 (0.25 ml/kg) were given, the defects in hepatic polyribosomes and mixed-function oxygenase system were most marked among the above toxic changes.
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PMID:Microsomal injury in the liver of rats treated with carbon tetrachloride. 727 27

Mebendazole was administered to 7 adult Dachshunds and 2 adult Doberman Pinschers at 6-month intervals for routine parasite control. Two weeks after the 1st treatment, a 3-year-old Dachshund died of acute hepatic failure. Approximately 2 weeks following the 2nd treatment, two 5-year-old Dachshunds and one 3-year-old Dachshund had evidence of acute hepatic necrosis; 1 of these dogs died of fulminant hepatic failure. Typical clinical signs in affected dogs included anorexia, depression, vomiting, icterus, and hemorrhagic diarrhea. Two additional Dachshunds had biochemical evidence of hepatic dysfunction, ie. high serum alanine aminotransferase and serum alkaline phosphatase activities. One Dachshund and 2 Doberman Pinschers had no clinical or laboratory evidence of hepatic disease.
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PMID:Acute hepatic necrosis associated with the administration of mebendazole to dogs. 734 57

Acute acetaminophen intoxication in the cat was studied to characterize the antidotal profile of acetylcysteine. Toxicosis was associated with cyanosis, hyperventilation, depression, and facial edema. Abnormal laboratory findings were methemoglobinemia and elevated serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity. In one trial, each of ten cats was given a 325-mg tablet of acetaminophen, then another after 4 hours. Five of the cats were given antidotal treatment with acetylcysteine (140 mg/kg, per os) at the time of the second dosing with acetaminophen and at 8-hour intervals thereafter for a total of three treatments. All treated cats survived. Two of the untreated cats died. In another trial, doubling each dose of acetaminophen (650 mg) proved fatal in all of four untreated cats. When antidotal therapy was initiated at the time of the second dosing with acetaminophen and repeated at 8- or 4-hour intervals for three treatments, two of four cats in each treatment group survived. Although antidotal therapy was associated with a return of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and methemoglobinemia values toward normal, only the methemoglobin value was a reliable prognostic indicator.
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PMID:Acetylcysteine for treatment of acetaminophen toxicosis in the cat. 740 22

Thirteen biochemical parameters (viz. glucose, calcium, inorganic phosphorous, urea nitrogen, uric acid, cholesterol, albumin, total protein, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase) were determined in serum and partly in liver of rats 1-28 days after i.p. aflatoxin B1 (AFB) (3 mg/kg). Histological examinations of the liver were also made in parallel to the biochemical studies. In the serum, enzyme activities and total bilirubin level increased and peaked on the 2nd day, while other activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the liver significantly decreased and reached a minimum on the 2nd day after AFB administration. The depression of the liver enzyme activities persisted over 7 days. The liver protein content also reduced transiently during 1-1.5 days. However, all biochemical parameters returned to normal levels 2 weeks after treatment, and remained so throughout the rest of experimental period. Histological changes in the liver were very similar to those reported by other.
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PMID:Sequential biochemical and histological changes in rats treated with aflatoxin B1. 742 38

The response of hepatic and haemotopoetic functions to treatment with praziquantel was studied using healthy and schistosome-infected mice. Female CF1 mice harbouring an 18 week old infection with Schistosoma mansoni and healthy uninfected mice of the same age were orally treated with 1 x 250 mg praziquantel/kg. The respective uninfected controls received the vehicle only. Blood samples were taken one, five, 14 and 28 days after treatment. Parameters studied were: activity of GOT, GPT and AP, concentration of glucose, blood clotting time, haemoglobin content, erythrocyte and leucocyte counts, PCV and body weight. The data were analyzed to reveal the effect of the three independent variables involved: infection, treatment and time after treatment. Infection of mice with S. mansoni for 18 weeks resulted in a depression of body weight, in a decrease of plasma GOT activity and of PCV and in increases of plasma GPT and AP activities, leucocyte counts and clotting time. Plasma glucose concentrations remained unaffected. The effects of treament with praziquantel were confined to the infected group. Changes attributable to the variable time were also more pronounced or even restricted to the infected treated group. Treatment of infected mice with praziquantel resulted in a temporary elevation of plasma GOT and GPT activities on Day 1 after treatment. Values had returned to normal on Day 5. Treatment further resulted in a slight but prolonged elevation of AP activities, a high leucocyte count on Day 5 after treatment and a normalization of the underweight and anaemic state of the infected mice. The nature of the effects observed after treatment with praziquantel is discussed in the light of corresponding data on the effect of treatment with hycanthone and SQ 18.506 in schistosome infected mice and Mastomys. It is concluded that the changes observed can be regarded as secondary, reflecting host responses to damaged parasites and healing processes.
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PMID:Effect of praziquantel on clinical-chemical parameters in healthy and schistosome-infected mice. 743 2

Activity of some enzymes (GOT, GPT, OCT, AP, GGTP, HE) was studied in a group of 74 workers, exposed to professional chronic combined pesticide effects. Enzyme changes were followed up depending on exposure. There was a statistically significant increase in GOT, GPT and OCT activities and decrease in HE. Paralleling this, an insignificant depression of AP and GGTP in comparison with the control group was observed. The relationship between these enzyme changes and liver function are discussed. Implication of toxic factor in the development of these changes is suggested.
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PMID:[Enzymatic changes in chronic pesticide exposure]. 744 53

A 2-year-old spayed female Siamese cat was presented with clinical liver disease characterized by anorexia; depression; elevations in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase; hyperbilirubinemia; and icterus. Liver biopsy diagnosed hepatocellular degeneration with marked centrilobular hepatocellular accumulation of rhodanine-positive brown granules. Subsequent postmortem examination revealed similar granular material in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney and alveolar epithelium and macrophages in the lung. The liver and kidney copper concentrations were 4,074 and 792 ppm dry weight, respectively. Hepatic degeneration in this cat apparently was due to excessive accumulation of copper.
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PMID:Hepatopathy associated with excessive hepatic copper in a Siamese cat. 748 20


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