Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of phenytoin and its major metabolite p-HPPH on concanavalin A (ConA) induced DNA-synthesis of human lymphocytes was studied in vitro. In lymphocyte cultures depleted of phagocytizing cells by iron treatment PHT and p-HPPH, in pharmacologic concentrations, caused a depression of the mitogen response measured as uptake of 3H-thymidine. In contrast, the presence of phagocytizing mononuclear cells during ConA-stimulation in the presence of PHT and p-HPPH caused a potentiation of ConA induced DNA-synthesis. These effects of phenytoin on immunocompetent cells may be of significance in the pathogenesis of the PHT-induced gingival overgrowth, since earlier we have reported the presence of large infiltrates of lymphocytes, mainly T-lymphocytes in gingival biopsies from clinically non-inflamed PHT-induced gingival overgrowth.
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PMID:Phenytoin potentiates accessory cell dependent DNA-synthesis in human lymphocytes in vitro. 348 81

Phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin, Dilantin, PHT), an anticonvulsant and antiarrhythmic drug, is teratogenic to A/J mice, producing an increased incidence of cleft lip with or without cleft palate [CL(P)] and cardiac defects. Although its mechanism of teratogenic action remains unclear, one possibility may involve uterine ischemia resulting from an exaggerated depressant effect on maternal cardiovascular function. To test this hypothesis, the heart rate response of susceptible A/J and resistant C57Bl/6J mice was monitored following intraperitoneal injection of doses of PHT of known teratogenic potential. Heart rate (HR) was obtained electrocardiographically from unanesthetized, pregnant mice on day 10 of gestation via previously implanted subcutaneous electrodes. The HR of A/J mice was significantly depressed relative to vehicle-injected controls following doses of 40, 60, and 75 mg/kg, with the greatest effect occurring in the high-dose group. In C57Bl/6J mice, the HR response of the group treated with 75 mg/kg was not different from that of the vehicle-treated controls. At the same dose level, the depression of HR of A/J mice was significantly greater in magnitude and duration than that of C57Bl/6J mice. A proposed maternally mediated mechanism of CL(P) in A/J mice involving low placental/embryonic oxygen delivery is discussed. The results of the present study indicate the potential significance that changes in maternal physiology may have on embryonic development.
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PMID:Effect of phenytoin on maternal heart rate in A/J mice: possible role in teratogenesis. 663 88

The effects of adenosine (100 nM, icv), dipyridamole (DPM, 5 mg/kg, i.p.), adenosine A1 receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-theophylline (8-CPT, 10 mg/kg, i.p.), and aminophylline (AMP) and caffeine (CAF) (at equivalent doses of 35 mg/kg, i.p.), were examined in rats. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) were also administered i.p., viz, carbamazepine (CBZ, 10 mg/kg); phenobarbitone (PB, 10 mg/kg); phenytoin (PHT, 20 mg/kg); valproic acid (VPA, 300 mg/kg); and diazepam (DZP, 10 mg/kg), to study their effects on EEG after discharge (AD) and postictal depression (PID) induced by cortical stimulation. The AD parameters: (1) duration of EEG-AD (sec) and (2) number of spikes was noted both during pre and post drug treatment sessions. Adenosine and DPM had no special effects on AD parameters but showed significant prolongation of PID. All the adenosine antagonists, 8-CPT, AMP and CAF produced significant prolongation of AD duration, increase in number of spikes and reduced the duration of PID to a significant extent. Interestingly, some of the AEDs, viz. CBZ, VPA and DZP showed abolition of all the EEG-AD parameters whereas PB and PHT failed to show any significant effect. The results confirm previous findings on involvement of adenosine in postictal events.
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PMID:Influence of adenosine, dipyridamole, adenosine antagonists and antiepileptic drugs on EEG after discharge following cortical stimulation. 931 32

The authors examined the relationship between self-criticism, dependency, and treatment outcome for 102 participants who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) criteria for major depressive disorder. The participants were randomly assigned to receive either cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy (IPT), or pharmacotherapy with clinical management (PHT-CM) and completed the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (Blatt, D'Affilitti, & Quinlan, 1976), a measure of self-criticism and dependency, as part of a broader research protocol. Regression analyses indicated that among individuals in IPT, self-criticism predicted poorer treatment outcome based on depressive symptom severity measured using the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (Hamilton, 1960, 1967). In addition, there were trends toward dependency predicting worse treatment response in CBT and self-criticism predicting better treatment response in PHT-CM.
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PMID:Self-criticism predicts differential response to treatment for major depression. 1830 8

The relationship between thyroid function and depression has long been recognized. Patients with thyroid disorders are more prone to develop depressive symptoms and conversely depression may be accompanied by various subtle thyroid abnormalities. However, the daily rhythm alteration of the functions of the hypothalamus pituitary thyroid axis (HPT) is uncertain. In the present study, we investigated the effects of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) on the daily rhythm alterations of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) in the plasma. We found that CUMS led to depressive-like behavior and the daily rhythm of T3, T4, and TSH in the plasma being disturbed, as well the plasma levels of T3 and T4 decreased compared to control group. Our findings indicate that CUMS not only induce hypofunction of HPT axis but also the disturbance of daily rhythm of PHT axis in rats.
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PMID:Alterations of the daily rhythms of HPT axis induced by chronic unpredicted mild stress in rats. 2492 5