Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To evaluate the possible abnormality in MAO activity in affective disorders, blood platelet samples were obtained from 80 patients with mania and depression. Blood-platelet MAO activity was measured by a newly developed assay procedures using serotonin as substrate. MAO activities in 121 normal adult subjects were in a range of 2.49-12.05 nM/mg protein/hour, with the mean values of 4.91 +/- 1.72 (+/-S.D.) for men and 6.88 +/- 1.99 for women. (p less than 0.001) MAO activities in the manic and depressed patients were in a range of 0.65-13.40 nM/mg protein/hour, and both manic and depressed patients showed the mean value very familiar to that in the normal subjects. Bipolar depressed patients did not exhibited lower MAO activity in the blood platelets than other clinical subtypes of depressive illness, including unipolar, involutional, neurotic and chronic characterological, and first-episode depression. No significant differences were established between these five subcategories of depression, while significant higher values were evident in female than male patients (p less than 0.001). No correlation was found between the MAO activity and serotonin levels in the blood platelets either in the normal subjects or in the depressed patients.
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PMID:Monoamine oxidase activity in blood platelets from manic and depressed patients. 86 45

Multiple indices of depression were used to evaluate the prophylactic efficacy of lithium carbonate versus placebo in a 4-year, double-blind study of unipolar, bipolar I, and bipolar II patients diagnosed according to strict criteria. Our data indicate lithium prophylaxis of depression on several indices in all three subtypes of affective illness. Additional studies are needed, comparing tricyclic antidepressants alone, monoamine oxidase inhibitors alone, or either drug combination with lithium carbonate for prophylaxis in clearly defined depressive subtypes.
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PMID:Lithium carbonate prophylaxis of depression in three subtypes in primary affective disorder. 98 26

The effect of Nomifensin (Hoechst 36984), a new psychotropic agent different from tricyclics and MAO inhibitors, was studied in patients with depressive-anxiety syndromes. Thirty three patients (22 female, 11 male), average age 40 years, were studied for five weeks in an open trial. The educational and occupational levels of the samples were determined. Follow-up was carried out with Wittenborn Psychiatric Rating Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Zung Self-Rating Scale and PEN Personality Inventory. No other drug was allowed to be taken along with Nomifensin, except for a benzodiazepine derivate in case of disturbed sleep. The average dose was 67 mg/day. The changes in Hamilton and Zung Scales were statistically significant, after the first week of treatment with Nomifensin. Only the N Scale of the PEN showed a a before/after treatment significant difference. The r=0.63 correlation obtained between Zung and Hamilton Scales is discussed. The drug showed to have thymoleptic action within the first week of treatment and an additional on the anxiety symptoms, frequently associated to reactive depressions.
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PMID:[Treatment of depressive and anxiety neurosis with a new psychotropic drug: Nomifensin]. 98 42

A sensitive and specific procedure for measuring monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in human platelets is described. Serotonin is used as substrate and formed 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) is separated by a double microcolumn technique on Sephadex G-10 and Amberlite CG-50 and measured fluorimetrically. MAO activities were 5.11 +/- 1.32 (mean +/- S.D.) nmol/mg protein/hour in male and 7.85 +/- 1.58 in female healthy adults (p less than 0.001). MAO activity measured in 32 depressed patients was in a range of 3.20-10.62 nmol/mg protein/hour, the value not differing from that in the normal subjects. No significant difference was established between three subtypes of depression, in bipolar, unipolar and involutional patients, while significantly higher values were evident in female than in male patients (p less than 0.001).
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PMID:A sensitive non-isotopic assay for monoamine oxidase activity in human blood platelets. 116 8

Changes in the functional state of the visual cortex were studied by behavioral and electrophysiological cues and the chemism of its neurones at the cellular and subcellular levels in rabbits raised for one to two months in the dark. It has been shown that visual deprivation leads to retarded dynamics of elaboration and consolidation of the conditioned defensive reflex to light and to changes of opposite signs of the visual cortex surface EPs to specific and non-specific stimuli. Typical of the EPs to photic stimuli is a considerable decrease in amplitude and longer latency as compared with normal, and enhanced amplitude and shorter latency to acoustic stimuli. It has been cytochemically established that about half of the pyramidal neurones of the visual cortex layer V of the experimental animals display features of biochemical underdevelopment (of the size of the cytoplasmatic mass, the protein reserve). Under the same conditions activity depression was revealed in cytochromoxydase, Na, P-ATPhase and ACHE, expressed to a different degree in separate subcellular fractions of the visual cortex. The MAO activity selectively augments in the subfraction of cholinergic synaptosomes. It has been assumed that functional and biochemical changes in different groups of the visual cortex neurones due to deprivation are linked with both the properties of the synaptic structures in regard to perception of impulses of different modalities and the peculiarities of their chemism.
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PMID:[Neurophysiologic and biochemical aspects of visual system development in the rabbit under conditions of photic deprivation]. 121 Jul 26

The drug l-deprenyl has been reported to have antidepressant properties, and in the present study three possible mechanisms of action were investigated in animal experiments. l-Deprenyl, which is a type B monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, was compared to clorgyline, an MAO A inhibitor with regard to its inhibitory effect on the formation of three major catecholamine metabolites, homovanillic acid (HVA), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MOPEG) in the rat brain in vivo. Apart from a difference in dose levels the two drugs showed no difference in the dose--response pattern of all three metabolites. Clorgyline inhibited the formation of HVA, DOPAC and MOPEG with an ED50 of about 0.2 mg/kg s.c. and l-deprenyldopamine and noradrenaline are formed by the same type of monoamine oxidase(s), probably type A, in the rat brain in vivo. Antidepressant properties of l-deprenyl therefore seem to be independent of catecholamine deamination. l-Deprenyl but not clorgyline (2 or 8 mg/kg s.c.) potentiated the stereotyped sniffing behaviour induced by beta-phenylethylamine, a specific substrate for type B monoamine oxidase. This result is discussed in relation to a new hypothesis of phenylethylamine and dopamine involvement in depression. l-Deprenyl was 10,000 times less potent than DMI as inhibitor of noradrenaline uptake in crude synaptosomes from the occipital cortex of rat brain. Inhibition of noradrenaline uptake was therefore excluded as a possible mechanism for the antidepressant action of l-deprenyl.
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PMID:The monoamine oxidase B inhibitor deprenyl potentiates phenylethylamine behaviour in rats without inhibition of catecholamine metabolite formation. 124 62

Noradrenaline and dopamine injected into the lateral brain ventricle exerted a significant effect on the behavior of rats. Both amines caused a slight rise in the basic locomotor activity which was significantly increased in the animals with inhibited monoamine oxidase activity. Besides that, they suppressed the behavior of rats in the open-field test, inhibited the conditioned avoidance response, decreased body temperature and increased amphetamine-induced motor hyperactivity. Noradrenaline, in contrast to dopamine, changed the intensity of amphetamine-induced stereotypy and prolonged the action of hypnotics. The central action of both catecholamines (in higher doses especially) seemed to have a biphasic course: in the first phase after administration depression was observed which was more pronounced after noradrenaline administration, in the second phase a stimulating effect b
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PMID:Comparison of central effects of noradrenaline and dopamine injected into the lateral brain ventricle in rats. 124 88

We have examined the effects of two monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors with different mechanisms of action--phenelzine and brofaromine--on peripheral serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) measures, sensitive to the inhibition of MAO-A (intra- and extracellular 5-HT and related metabolites in blood). Both drugs increased the concentration of 5-HT in platelet-free plasma (254%, p less than 0.001) in patients with depressive illness (DSM-III-R) after 6 weeks of daily treatment. Platelet 5-HT was also increased significantly in both drug treatment groups but more marked in the patient group treated with phenelzine. The acid/amine ratio at 6 weeks was 30% of pretreatment values (p less than 0.000) and individual variability correlated significantly with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Plasma 5-HT increased more markedly in responders than in nonresponders and a significant inverse relationship surfaced between plasma 5-HT and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. The results support other reports of comparable antidepressant efficacy for brofaromine and phenelzine, both inhibitors of MAO-A in humans. The consistent relationship we found between the biochemical and clinical changes again suggests and supports a key role of 5-HT in the antidepressant effect of these MAO inhibitors.
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PMID:Monoamine oxidase inhibitors phenelzine and brofaromine increase plasma serotonin and decrease 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in patients with major depression: relationship to clinical improvement. 128 22

Research was conducted upon 28 patients with a diagnosis of endogenous depression after their pharmacological treatment with imipramine or chlorimipramine. The investigation considered the interrelationship between psychophysiological parameters (heart rate, respiration rhythm, postural muscular tension) and the indices of the cholinergic and adrenergic systems (kinetic parameters of choline transport in the blood; Vmax, the activity of plasmic pseudocholinesterase, Che; blood acetylcholinesterase AChE, monoaminoxidase in blood platelets, MAO; and dopamine beta hydroxylase DBH). The results indicate that during relapse of endogenous depression there occurs an imbalance in the cholinergic-adrenergic systems which may be the result of some somatic symptoms typically found in the depression syndrome. The appearance, after pharmacotherapy, of a correlation between the indices of the activity of the cholinergic system with the respiratory rhythm suggest that the part played by the cholinergic mechanism in the regulation of autonomic processes normalizes itself during the course of successful therapy. The appearance of characteristic correlations between the activity of the cholinergic and adrenergic systems and the psychophysiological parameters in the presence of relatively low psychological stress seems to accompany successful treatment with imipramine and chlorimipramine.
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PMID:[Psychophysiological characteristics and metabolic indices of neurotransmitter metabolism in patients ill with endogenous depression]. 130 98

Platelet 14C-5-hydroxytryptamine (14C-5-HT) uptake, 3H-imipramine binding and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity were measured in women 5 days postpartum and compared with depression scores (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) at that time and 6 weeks later. Mean Km of 14C-5-HT uptake was significantly reduced in the group showing dysphoria at 5 days (p less than 0.01). Mean Kd of 3H-imipramine binding was significantly increased in the group who later went on to become depressed at 6 weeks postpartum (p less than 0.03). Vmax for 14C-5-HT uptake, Bmax for 3H-imipramine binding and MAO activity did not differ between depressed and non-depressed patients on either occasion. Although the observed changes manifested in a system known to be disturbed in other forms of depression, they were in affinity rather than Bmax or Vmax. Even though probably not of direct physiological significance, such results, if confirmed, together with other pointers in the literature, suggest biochemical abnormalities specific to the puerperal period.
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PMID:Abnormal platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake and imipramine binding in postnatal dysphoria. 131 74


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