Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study was made of various series of cholerogen on the cultures of human continuous cells of normal (F1, Rh) and tumour nature (HeLa). Cholerogen proved to produce a marked toxic action on the cultures of F1, Rh and HeLa cells causing a reduction of the number of living cells, depression of mitotic activity, a reduction of the intensity of staining on the sum total protein and RNA, a reduction of the activity in the cells of acid phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase, and also a reduction of production of protein-polysaccharide layer. Different cholerogens produced a different toxic action on the cells of the same type.
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PMID:[Effect of cholerogen on tissue culture cells]. 96 Dec 65

The authors determined polarographically the intensity of oxygen consumption and the activity of succinic dehydrogenase of the HEp-2 cell culture infected with the association of the Cocksackie B3 with the RNA-asopositive and RNA-asonegative strains of E. coli O--111, in comparison with the uninfected and separately infected virus or control bacteria. The results were recorded 2, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours after the infection of the cell cultures. Mixed virus-bacterial infection intensified the oxygen consumption and the activity of succinic dehydrogenase by the HEp-2 cells, followed by a profound respiratory depression. The same effect was produced by the infection of cells by the virus alone. Less pronounced was the action of bacterial component. A change in the cell repiration of the infected cultures was independent of the RNA-ase activity of bacteria. Under conditions of mixed infection the intensity of the changes in oxygen consumption and of the succinic dehydrogenase activity was determined by the viral component of the association.
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PMID:[Effect of a mixed E. coli O-111 (RNA-azopositive and RNA-azonegative strains) and Coxsackie B3 viral infection on oxygen demand and on the succinate dehydrogenase activity of an HEp-2 cell culture according to polarographic study data]. 110 26

Chronic experiments were conducted on sexually mature rats; histochemical study of the activity of some redox enzymes (glutamic dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase, glucoso-6-phosphoric dehydrogenase, glycerophosphoric dehydrogenase, and succinic dehydrogenase) was carried out in the ependymal cells of the floor of the third cerebral ventricle, the so called tanycytes, in case of an increased adrenocorticotrophic function of the hypophysis attained by bilaterial adrenalectomy, and in depression of this function as a result of chronic dexametasone administration. The activity of the enzymes under study decreased 2, 3 and 4 weeks after bilateral adrenalectomy. The activity of lactic dehydrogenase, glucerophosphoric dehydrogenase and succinic dehydrogenase increased in the tanycytes during administration of 5 gamma of dexametasone. Chronic administration of 100 gamma of dexametasone was accompanied by a toxic action of the preparation (a marked reduction in the weight of the adrenal glands, a negative body weight gain, and an aggravation of the animal's general condition). The results obtained pointed to the existence of a reverse correlation between the metabolic activity of tanicytes and the adrenocorticotrophic function of the hypophysis.
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PMID:[Histochemical study of tanycytes in connection with the adrenocorticotropic function of the hypophysis]. 114 24

1. Transmitter release at neuromuscular junctions of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle in mice was studied after 2-8 month periods of unforced running in wheels. 2. Intracellular recordings at 10 Hz stimulation revealed that the quantal content of endplate potentials (EPPs) in Mg(2+)-blocked preparations was larger by 30% in trained (mean number of quanta, m = 1.75 +/- 0.19, n = 7) than in untrained control EDL muscles (m = 1.35 +/- 0.35, n = 7). Similarly the amplitudes of the first, maximum and plateau EPPs during tetanic stimulation (100 Hz for 1 s or 400 ms) in curare-blocked preparations were increased by 28% each; muscle fibre diameters did not differ while other postsynaptic effects were not excluded. 3. Training effects became particularly evident in two pairs of monozygotic twins, in which the time courses of facilitation and depression were changed as well: at 100 Hz stimulation the maximum EPP amplitude was reached on average at 2.6 impulses in controls but at 2.0 impulses in runners, and the following decline below the value of the first EPP at 5.0 and 3.8 impulses respectively. 4. Block resistance, as monitored by isometric tension measurements in different presynaptic (Mg2+) and postsynaptic (curare) blocking solutions, was higher in trained than in control EDL muscles. Depression in a train of four nerve-evoked single twitches at 2 Hz was lower. 5. As expected from the unchanged fibre diameters (see above) isometric tetanic force was similar in trained and control EDL muscles. Muscle fatigue resistance was larger in trained animals and succinic dehydrogenase activity was higher in fibres of trained muscles indicating an endurance training of the EDL muscle. 6. It is concluded that besides changes in muscle fibre properties, prolonged elevated activity causes increased transmitter release in EDL muscles. As a consequence, the safety margin of transmission in trained EDL muscles is markedly elevated.
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PMID:Effects of enhanced activity on synaptic transmission in mouse extensor digitorum longus muscle. 164 30

Biochemical investigations were performed on cardiac muscle samples from seven dogs with cardiomyopathy and on cardiac muscle from a varied selection of normal dogs. Biochemical examination of cardiac muscle from clinical cases of cardiomyopathy revealed that the concentrations of three enzymes were significantly altered. These were, catalase, succinic dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase. Depressed enzyme concentrations were recorded from both ventricles but were significant only on the left for catalase, on the right for malate dehydrogenase and in both ventricles for succinic dehydrogenase although the depression in this case was also greater on the right.
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PMID:Biochemical investigations of cardiomyopathy in the dog. 362 75

1. Some properties of succinate dehydrogenase [succinate-(acceptor) oxidoreductase, EC 1.3.99.1] in membrane preparations from Micrococcus lysodeikticus (N.C.T.C. 2665) were investigated. 2. In the spectrophotometric assay system adopted the reaction velocity was shown to be proportional to the amount of membrane added. Dichlorophenol-indophenol, reduced photochemically in the presence of phenazine methosulphate, or enzymically by the membrane-bound enzyme, was shown to undergo reoxidation in the dark. 3. The membrane-bound enzyme was found to be inactivated at temperatures above 10 degrees C. 4. The specific activity of membrane-bound succinate dehydrogenase was found to increase between two- and three-fold in diluted membrane preparations equilibrated at 0 degrees C for 6h. Membranes treated with sodium deoxycholate showed no enzyme activation on dilution but displayed maximal activity, all activity being sedimentable at 103000g. The increase in specific activity observed on dilution could be partially inhibited by fixation with glutaraldehyde, or by the presence of bovine serum albumin. 5. The addition of Mg(2+) or Ca(2+) ions to membrane suspensions caused an overall depression of enzyme activity. 6. The results suggest the presence of an ;inhibitor' that affects the expression of membrane bound succinate dehydrogenase activity.
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PMID:Factors influencing the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in membrane preparations from Micrococcus lysodeikticus. 549 52

Human mammary tumours were grown in diffusion chambers in the heterologous host--Charle's Foster rat. The effect of oophorectomy-induced alterations of the hormonal environment of the host in breast tumour cells grown in the diffusion chamber were studied with respect to their growth patterns and enzymatic characteristics. The tumour cells not only survived but actively proliferated as indicated by the increase in cell count and formation of cell sheets as well as by the presence of mitotic figures. Cytochemical studies of certain enzymatic activities, i.e. succinic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase indicate--except for a slight depression of the overall activity--that the distribution patterns are more or less maintained following diffusion chamber culture. The alteration of the hormonal environment by oophorectomy influences the cell growth and the enzymatic activity of the human tumour cells inside the diffusion chambers. The results clearly indicate that D.C. culture technique provides a useful method for assessment of growth and hormonal responsiveness of human tumours.
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PMID:Studies on growth and enzymatic characteristics of human mammary tumours grown in heterologous host. 668 51

The effect of antimycin A and funiculosin, two inhibitors which block electron transfer in the b-c1 complex, on electron flow and electrochemical potential difference of H+ ions in mitochondria at static head (state 4) is investigated. In addition, the respiratory control ratio is determined as the ratio between uncoupler stimulated and static-head electron flow. Malonate, a competitive inhibitor or succinic dehydrogenase, is used for comparison. All three inhibitors cause an extensive depression of static-head electron flow but only a limited decrease in the electrochemical potential difference of H+ ions. With the antimycin-type of inhibitors, the respiratory control ratio slightly increases up to about 50% inhibition of electron flow and then steeply declines. With malonate, a strong decrease of the respiratory control ratio is observed in a concentration range where the electron flow is inhibited less than 10%. It is shown than the data do not comply with the generally accepted hypothesis of a leak conductance being regulated by the electrochemical potential difference of H+ ions. They can be interpreted in terms of not tightly coupled redox-driven H+-pumps. A non-vanishing electron flow at static head then arises predominantly from molecular slipping in the pumps, and the (constant) leak conductance yields only a minor contribution.
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PMID:Effect of funiculosin and antimycin A on the redox-driven H+-pumps in mitochondria: on the nature of "leaks'. 727 16

The effects of Ag+1, Au+3, Cd+2, Cu+2, Ga+3, In+3, Ni+2, Pd+2, and Zn+2 on DNA synthesis, protein synthesis, succinic dehydrogenase activity, and total cellular protein of mammalian fibroblasts were measured for exposures less than 12 h. The rates at which these cellular functions responded to metal ion exposure were compared and related to the uptake rate of the ions into the cells. These rates of response were significantly different: DNA synthesis decreased the fastest, followed by protein synthesis, succinic dehydrogenase activity, and total protein. This order of response was similar for most metal ions. At 4 h, the rate of uptake of the metal ions correlated most closely with depression of succinic dehydrogenase activity, whereas at 8 h, the uptake correlated most closely with depression of protein synthesis. The similar response of cells to all metal ions may imply that these ions act on cells by similar mechanisms. The rates of uptake of Ag+1, Cu+2, and Zn+2 were sufficiently fast that in vivo exposures of tissues to these metals for periods less than 12 h would be capable of disrupting cellular metabolism.
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PMID:In vitro effects of metal ions on cellular metabolism and the correlation between these effects and the uptake of the ions. 800 47

The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the recent developments in muscle physiology and biochemistry in general, and with respect to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) specifically. As a way of illustration, we have presented data on the remodeling that occurs in vastus lateralis in two patients with COPD (COPD #1, forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity [FEV(1)/FVC] = 63%; COPD #2, FEV(1)/FVC = 41%) exhibiting differences in muscle wasting as compared to healthy controls (CON; FEV(1)/FVC = 111 +/- 2.2%, n = 4). Type I fibers percentages were lower in both COPD #1 (16.7) and COPD #2 (24.9) compared to CON (57.3 +/- 5.2). Cross sectional area of the type I fibers of the patients ranged between 65%-68% of CON and for the type II subtypes (IIA, IIAX, IIX) between 74% and 89% (COPD #1) and 17%-32% (COPD #2). A lower number of capillary contacts were observed for all fiber types in COPD #1 but not COPD #2. Lower concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (24%-26%) and phosphocreatine (18%-20%), but not lactate occurred in COPD. In contrast to COPD #1, who displayed normal glucose transporter content, GLUT1 and GLUT4 were only 71% and 54%, respectively of CON in COPD #2. Lower monocarboxylate contents were found for MCT1 in both COPD #1 (63%) and COPD #2 (41%) and for MCT4 (78%) in COPD #1. Maximal oxidative enzyme activities (V(max)) for COPD #2 ranged between 37% (succinic dehydrogenase) and 70% (cytochrome C oxidase) of CON. For the cytosolic enzymes, V(max) ranged between 89% (hexokinase) to 31% (pyruvate kinase) of CON. Depressions were also observed in V(max) of the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase for COPD #1 (66% of CON) but not COPD #2 (92% of CON) while V(max) of the Ca(2+)-ATPase was near normal in COPD #1 (84% CON). It is concluded that disturbances can occur in muscle to a wide range of excitation, contraction and metabolic processes in COPD.
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PMID:Cellular assessment of muscle in COPD: case studies of two males. 2036 Sep 8


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