Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In vitro studies have been done on haematopoietic cells from a patient with cyclic neutropenia characterized by severe depression of blood neutrophil levels every 21 days. Serial blood counts reveal periodic fluctuations in neutrophils, monocytes and reticulocytes. Agar culture of marrow cells shows normal concentration of colony forming cells. The percentage of colony forming cells in S phase is highly increased during profound neutropenia and normal during the recovery phase relating the granulocyte production to the peripheral neutrophil level. Studies of ingestion rate, bactericidal activity, lactate production and glucose oxidation during phagocytosis in isolated granulocytes show normal results. Also the ingestion rate in isolated monocytes is normal. Serial karyotype analyses of marrow cells during the neutrophil cycle display a normal pattern. Serum myeloperoxidase levels vary inversely with the peripheral neutrophil count indicating increased granulopoietic activity during profound neutropenia, which might be associated with non effective granulopoiesis during profound neutropenia, leading to a lack of granulocyte reserves in the marrow.
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PMID:Cell production and cell function in human cyclic neutropenia. 17 16

It was revealed that the infectious process in albino rats kept for 4-5 months on an iodine-deficiency diet was characterised by a tendency to dissemination. The seeding efficiency from the parenchymatous organs increased in such animals significantly, whereas the bactericidal properties of the plasma and the phagocytic activity of blood neutrophils decreased; this was apparently associated with depression of the intracellular metabolism reflected in reduction of the cytochromoxidase and peroxidase in the neutrophils.
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PMID:[Effect of a chronic iodine deficit in the ration on the development of the infectious process]. 17 21

The intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain caused vascular leakage as detectable by a 20-40% increase in the hematocrit and a 15-20% decrease in plasma protein concentration. These changes did not occur when the same amounts of HRP were injected into rats pretreated with antagonists to histamine and serotonin. After pretreatment with the antagonists, the reabsorption of HRP by the proximal tubule cells (the concentration of HRP in the total particulate fractions) showed a 77% decrease and the urinary excretion of sodium showed more than an 80% increase as compared to the values from rats treated with HRP alone. In addition, the blood clearance rate of HRP was decreased and the urinary excretion of HRP was increased after treatment with the antagonists to histamine and serotonin. Cytochemical observations of formaldehyde vapor-fixed tissue also showed the effects of vascular leakage. After the injection of HRP in physiologic or hypertonic saline, the basal infoldings of the proximal tubule cells were strongly peroxidase-positive. When the same amounts of HRP were injected after pretreatment with antagonists to histamine and serotonin, or with mannitol, the basal infoldings were not stained or were stained faintly. Rats of the Wistar/Furth strain did not show the effects of vascular leakage observed with rats of the Sprague-Dawley strains. The questions are discussed as to whether the marked depression of renal cortical HRP absorption by mannitol and hypertonic saline (J Histochem Cytochem 23:707, 1975) is related to the prevention of vascular leakage, and whether the reabsorption of both sodium and protein is increased during the leakage of serum proteins into the interstitial tissue.
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PMID:Altered renal cortical reabsorption of protein and urinary excretion of sodium in relation to vascular leakage induced by horseradish peroxidase. 83 63

The effect of chilling temperatures on the catalase and peroxidase activities, soluble proteins and chlorophyll contents of excised organs of Pisum sativum plants has been studied. In leaf and stem tissues, storage at 0 degrees C did not bring about any statistically significant variation in the levels of heme enzymes, proteins and chlorophyll during four days. On the contrary, in root tissues catalase activity experimented a statistically significant depression after the onset of cold storage and during the whole treatment, whereas the other parameters remained nearly constant. Results obtained showed the suitability of storing plant material at 0 degrees C for the stabilization of catalase, peroxidase and chlorophyll in leaves and stems, as well as of peroxidase activity in roots.
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PMID:Catalase and peroxidase activities, chlorophyll and proteins during storage of pea plants of chilling temperatures. 87 81

The effects of interrupting the axons of principal neurones in the superior cervical ganglion of adult guinea-pigs were studied by means of intracellular recording, and light and electron microscopy. 1. Within 72 hr of axon interruption, the amplitude of exitatory postsynaptic potentials potentials (e.p.s.p.s) recorded in principal neurons in response to maximal preganglionic stimulation declined. E.p.s.p.s were maximally reduced (by more than 70% on average) 4-7 days following interruption, and failed to bring many cells to threshold. E.p.s.p.s. recorded in nearby neurones whose axons remained intact were unaffected. 2. In ganglia in which axon interruption was achieved by means of nerve crush (thus allowing prompt regeneration), mean e.p.s.p. amplitudes began to increase again after about 1-2 weeks. One month after the initial injury many neurones had e.p.s.p.s of normal amplitude, and by 2 months affected neurones were indistinguishable from control cells. Functional peripheral connexions were re-established during the period of synaptic recovery. 3. The mean number of synapses identified electron microscopically in ganglia in which all the major efferent branches had been crushed decreased by 65-70% in parallel with synaptic depression measured by intracellular recording. However synapse counts did not return to normal levels even after 3 months. 4. During the period of maximum synaptic depression, numerous abnormal profiles which contained accumulations of vesicular and tubular organelles, vesicles, and mitochondria were observed in electron microscopic sections. Injection of horseradish peroxidase into affected neurones demonstrated dendritic swelling which probably correspond to these profiles. 5. Little or no difference was found in the electrical properties of normal neurones and neurones whose axons had been interrupted 4-7 days previously. However, the mean amplitude of spontaneously occurring synaptic potentials was reduced, and the amplitude distribution was shifted. This abnormality of the synapses which remain on affected neurones also contributes to synaptic depression. 6. Counts of neurones in normal and experimental ganglia showed that approximately half the principal cells died 1-5 weeks after crushing the major efferent brances. This finding presumably explains the failure of synapse counts to return to control levels after recovery. 7. If axons were prevented from growing back to their target organ by chronic ligation, surviving neurones whose axons were enclosed by the ligature did not generally recover normal synaptic function. Following ligation, most affected cells died within a month. 8. Thus the integrity of a principal cell's axon is necessary for the maintenance of preganglionic synaptic contacts, and ultimately for neuronal survival. The basis of neuronal recovery from the effects of axon interruption appears to be some aspect of regeneration to the peripheral target.
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PMID:Functional and structural changes in mammalian sympathetic neurones following interruption of their axons. 120 35

We examined whether or not preoperative impaired bactericidal activities of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are associated with infections following surgery for esophageal cancer. Intracellular killing (KI), superoxide anion-producing capacity (SOP), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured in 22 patients with esophageal cancer, 27 with gastric cancer, and 13 age-matched controls. The average level of KI was significantly depressed in patients with esophageal cancer or with gastric cancer, to a similar extent, compared to findings in controls, but SOP was not. In esophageal cancer patients, the SOP level was significantly higher in those with postoperative septic complications than in those without such problems, whereas the KI level was depressed to a similar extent in both. Therefore, a depression of KI with elevation of SOP of PMN may serve to predict complications of infection following surgery in patients with esophageal cancer.
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PMID:Impaired neutrophil bactericidal activity correlates with the infection occurring after surgery for esophageal cancer. 133 19

During granulopoiesis, certain myeloid genes encoding products of azurophilic granules are specifically down-regulated. The myeloid specific enzyme myeloperoxidase belongs to this group of genes. It is responsible for the production of hypochlorous acid, a potent microbicidal agent which is involved in host defense. During induced differentiation of promyelocytic leukemic HL60 cells to granulocyte- or monocyte-like cells, myeloperoxidase RNA is depressed. We studied this depression process in more detail by limiting the exposure to the inducer phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate to 24 h. During this time period, no significant decrease in cell number and cell viability could be observed. Analysis of these in vitro differentiated HL60 cells on the protein and RNA levels showed that they can be used under defined conditions as a cell system to study the specific depression of myeloid genes. Under the described conditions, both the transcriptional rate of the myeloperoxidase gene as well as the stability of its transcript was reduced.
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PMID:The differentiation pathway of HL60 cells is a model system for studying the specific regulation of some myeloid genes. 135

The morphology of retinal ganglion cells within the central retina during formation of the fovea was examined in retinal explants with horseradish-peroxidase histochemistry. A foveal depression was first apparent in retinal wholemounts at embryonic day 112 (E112; gestational term is approximately 165 days). At earlier fetal ages, the site of the future fovea was identified by several criteria that included peak density of ganglion cells, lack of blood vessels in the inner retinal layers, arcuate fiber bundles, and the absence of rod outer segments in the photoreceptor layer. Prior to E112, the terminal dendritic arbor of retinal ganglion cells within the central retina extended into the inner plexiform layer and were located directly beneath their somas of origin or at most were slightly displaced from it. For example, at E90 the mean horizontal displacement of the geometric center of the dendritic arbor from the somas of cells within 600 microns of the estimated center of the future fovea was 4.1 microns (S.D. 2.7, range 1.0-10.0, n = 97). Following formation of the foveal depression the dendritic arbors of cells were significantly displaced from their somas. For example, at E138 the mean displacement was 41.2 microns (S.D. 12.2, range 12.0-56.0, n = 97). The displacement of the dendritic arbor which occurred during this period was not accounted for by areal growth of the dendritic arbor, the somas, or the retina, but was produced by the lengthening of the primary dendritic trunk. Moreover, no significant displacement was observed within the remaining 1.5-6.5 mm of the central retina. These observations provide evidence supporting early speculations that the formation of the foveal pit occurs, in part, by the radial migration of ganglion cells from the center of the fovea during its formation. Our analyses suggest that this migration occurs by the lengthening of the primary dendrite presumably by the addition of membrane. This migration is in a direction opposite to the inward movement of photoreceptors that occurs during late fetal and early postnatal periods (Packer et al., 1990, Journal of Comparative Neurology 298, 472-493).
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PMID:Morphogenesis of retinal ganglion cells during formation of the fovea in the Rhesus macaque. 145 Jan 12

1. We recorded single-unit activity in the caudal central nucleus (CCN) of the oculomotor complex in monkeys trained to make vertical saccadic, smooth-pursuit, and fixation eye movements. We confirmed that our recordings were from motoneurons innervating the upper lid, because small lesions placed at the sites of responsive units were recovered among neurons labeled by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections into the levator palpebrae superioris muscle. 2. For fixations above a threshold lid position, levator motoneurons discharged at a steady rate, which increased linearly with upward lid position. The average position sensitivity during fixation was 2.9 spikes/s per deg, and the average lid motoneuron was recruited into steady firing when the eye was looking 10 degrees down. 3. During upward saccades, levator motoneurons discharged a burst of spikes that began, on average, 7.3 ms before the lid movement if the saccade started from a straight-ahead position; the lead time decreased considerably as the initial eye and lid positions shifted downward. The firing rate usually reached its peak (130-280 spikes/s) at the very onset of the burst and declined gradually during the course of the saccade. The steady rate associated with the new fixation position was reached about halfway during the saccade. All units exhibited a pause in firing during the initial half of large downward saccades; during small saccades, the pause was inconspicuous or absent. 4. During vertical sinusoidal smooth pursuit, levator motoneurons exhibited a sinusoidal modulation in firing rate, which led eye position by an average of 23 degrees at 0.3 Hz. The average velocity sensitivity calculated from such data was 0.63 spikes/s per deg/s. 5. Although they exhibit a number of qualitative similarities, the discharge patterns of levator motoneurons and superior rectus motoneurons differ in several respects. First, during a blink, when the lid undergoes a large depression but the eye exhibits only a brief transient displacement, levator motoneurons cease firing completely, whereas superior rectus motoneurons continue to discharge. Second, for all types of coordinated lid and eye movements, levator motoneurons discharge at lower firing rates than do superior rectus motoneurons. Third, during saccades, levator motoneurons have less conspicuous and shorter-lasting bursts and pauses than do motoneurons involved in rotating the eye. 6. During upward gaze, the qualitative similarity of their burst-tonic discharge patterns suggests that levator and superior rectus motoneurons receive input signals that originate from a common source, but that the signals are processed differently to deal with the different loads facing these muscles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Discharge patterns of levator palpebrae superioris motoneurons during vertical lid and eye movements in the monkey. 151 22

The association between surgical stress-related depression in bactericidal activities of neutrophils and the occurrence of postoperative infections was investigated. Bactericidal activities of neutrophils were measured in 19 patients undergoing esophagectomy, 15 gastrectomy, and 16 cholecystectomy. Five patients had complications of infection following esophagectomy. In 45 patients with no postoperative infections, intracellular killing index (KI) and superoxide anion production (SOP) levels decreased on postoperative day 1 while myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity increased on days 1-3. In 5 patients with esophageal cancer and postoperative infections, decreases in KI and SOP were less prominent, as compared to findings in 14 esophageal cancer patients without such problems but the MPO activity decreased on days 1-3. This evidence suggests that postoperative septic complications are not directly associated with surgical stress-related transient depression of bactericidal activities immediately after surgery but rather with neutrophil-mediated tissue injuries based on degranulation.
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PMID:Influence of surgical stress on bactericidal activity of neutrophils and complications of infection in patients with esophageal cancer. 159 91


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