Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The duration of the presumed metabolic depression of syngeneic vena cava to aorta transplants was determined in rats and the site and type of energy metabolism in the vein grafts assessed. The aerobic metabolic activity was measured from the histochemical reactivity of the enzymes, succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase, and the anaerobic activity by staining with lactate dehydrogenase. The activity of the hexose-monophosphate shunt was assessed by the histochemical demonstration of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Sixteen hours after grafting a pronounced metabolic depression was noted. Recovery occurred 24 hours after transplantation. The most intense staining was from lactate dehydrogenase in the vein grafts and in the non-transplanted veins. At the end of the observation period of four months the grafts were definitely more strongly stained than the non-transplanted veins, with most of the activity in the thickened intima. This layer had a metabolic profile resembling that of the media of the adjacent aorta.
 ...
PMID:Histochemical examination of energy metabolism in aortic vein grafts in rats. 302 37

Aldehyde dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase activities were determined in erythrocytes of various ages, separated by Percoll gradient centrifugation, in 13 alcoholic patients and eight control subjects. The total erythrocyte activities of all three enzymes were not affected by alcoholism, however, the youngest cells of alcoholics had a decreased aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, while both glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase activities were increased. The depression of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity not only persisted, but became more marked after 2 weeks of abstinence, while the enhanced activities of the two other enzymes returned to normal. These observations suggest that chronic alcohol ingestion suppresses aldehyde dehydrogenase in the bone marrow, while it enhances other erythrocytic enzymes.
 ...
PMID:Changes in erythrocyte enzyme activities during erythrocyte aging in alcoholism. 304 74

A high incidence of natural osteoarthritis of the knee joint is found in male mice of the STR/ORT strain. The condition affects mainly the medial tibial cartilage and by the age of 27 weeks most male mice of this strain show some osteoarthritic change. Analysis of the oxidative metabolism of the chondrocytes during the development of the lesion has been facilitated by the techniques of quantitative cytochemistry. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) has been investigated as indicative of the NADPH-generating pentose-phosphate pathway; the activities of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3PD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) have been studied as indicators of glycolytic activity. In young STR/ORT mice the G6PD activity of the lateral tibial cartilage was greater and more variable than in the control mice of the CBA/HT6 strain. The activity in the medial cartilage, relative to that in the lateral cartilage, decreased with age; this change was not reflected in the activities of the other enzymes. In the lateral cartilage, the expected relationship was found between the G6PD and the G3PD activities and between the LDH and the G3PD activities. In the medial cartilage, the G6PD activities were not related to the G3PD activities. The decreased proportionality of the G6PD activities in the medial cartilage as against that in the lateral cartilage was detected in mice as young as 9 weeks; by 27 weeks of age nine of the 13 mice showed marked depression of medial as against lateral G6PD activities. In contrast, only four of the 13 mice showed any overt histological charge until up to the age of 28 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Changes in oxidative activities of chondrocytes during the early development of natural murine osteoarthritis. 321 87

We have used 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) as a selective and irreversible inhibitor of oxidized glutathione reductase (GSSG-R) to determine how human erythrocytes with various degrees of GSSG-R deficiency recover their reduced glutathione (GSH) after exposure to acetylphenylhydrazine or diamide. Pentose phosphate dehydrogenases and glutathione synthesis were not inhibited, de novo glutathione synthesis was negligible within the experimental time frame, and the reappearance of GSH was strictly under the control of GSSG-R. Results obtained with acetylphenylhydrazine or diamide were concordant. In red cells stressed by these reagents, GSSG-R deficiency began to impair the regeneration of GSH only after greater than 80% of the normal enzyme activity had been abolished. Thereafter GSH recovery deteriorated as drug-induced GSSG-R depression increased. Only erythrocytes that had been rendered almost totally GSSG-R deficient, that is, had lost greater than 90% of baseline activity, became functionally equivalent to GdA- glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient cells. The reserve capacity of GSSG-R in human erythrocytes is extremely large. Of all types of isolated GSSG-R "deficiencies" reported so far, only two can be considered pathogenically significant: the homozygous genetic defect found in a single family, and much more commonly, the acute pharmacologic phenocopy induced by BCNU.
 ...
PMID:Consequences of erythrocytic glutathione reductase deficiency. 357 7

Three exposure regimens were used to study the time course of indicators of lung damage and recovery response to single or repeated exposures to phosgene (COCl2). Rats were sacrificed immediately or throughout a 38-d recovery period after inhalation of 1 ppm COCl2 for 4 h, at intervals during a 7-h exposure to 1 ppm phosgene, or at several time points throughout a 17-d exposure to 0.125 and 0.25 ppm COCl2 (4 h/d, 5 d/wk) and during a 21-d recovery period. Regimen 1 revealed significantly elevated lung wet weight, lung nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH) content, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity that stayed elevated for up to 14 d. A significant decrease in body weight and food intake was observed 1 d after exposure. Regimen 2 caused a slight depression in NPSH content but did not affect G6PD activity. Regimen 3 animals showed sustained elevations in lung wet weight, NPSH content, and G6PD activity after 7 d of exposure. No significant changes in these endpoints were observed for the 0.125 ppm COCl2 group. No consistent elevation in hydroxyproline content was seen at either exposure concentration. Light microscopic examination of lung tissue exposed to 0.25 ppm COCl2 for 17 d revealed moderate multifocal accumulation of mononuclear cells in the centriacinar region. In summary, exposure to COCl2 caused changes similar in most ways to those observed for other lower-respiratory-tract irritants.
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary biochemical effects of inhaled phosgene in rats. 377 87

Rats bearing transplantable Walker 256 carcinoma provide an opportunity to assess thyroid function and activity during an interval of time when the tumor has not affected growth rate. Rats with tumor have decreased serum T4 and T3 concentration and decreased serum FT4 and FT3 as well. These changes are due to a decrease in binding of iodothyronines by the serum binding proteins, an increase in the fractional rate of T4 metabolism and a decrease in thyroidal secretion. The decrease in activity of the thyroid gland appears to be due to reduced sensitivity of the thyroid to circulating TSH. Despite decreased serum FT4 and FT3 concentrations, serum TSH remains normal, not increased as would be anticipated in a hypothyroidal animal. Nevertheless, a further experimental decrease in serum T4 and/ or T3 from the already reduced serum iodothyronine levels of the tumor bearing rat results in a normal increment in serum TSH. Thus, TSH secretion appears to be regulated normally despite decreased concentrations of pituitary nuclear T3. This finding suggests that tumor bearing rats have greater than normal sensitivity to T3 in their regulation of TSH secretion. Rats with Walker 256 carcinoma have decreased concentrations of hepatic nuclear T3 receptors and a decrease in T3 specifically bound to the receptors. The fractional occupancy of hepatic nuclear receptors appears relatively normal. The dose-response of alpha-GPD in relation to fractional nuclear T3 receptor occupancy appears shifted up and to the left in tumor bearing rats, whereas the curve for ME is shifted down to the right. The appearance rates of these enzymes are described by similar functions. These findings suggest that postreceptor factors in tumor bearing rats may result in augmentation of some and depression of other biologic responses to thyroid hormones. If the results of these studies are extended to sick patients, they may provide a possible mechanism whereby patients maintain the euthyroid clinical state despite a decrease in serum T3. Thus, postreceptor factors may enhance those thyroidal responses which characterize the euthyroid clinical state. Moreover, attenuation of other thyroidal responses related to conservation of protein may provide a distinct adaptive advantage to the patient with nonthyroidal illness with or without decreased food consumption.
 ...
PMID:Animal models of nonthyroidal disease. 388 30

Implantation of cobalt-agar rods into the visual cortex of 16 adult rats induced in some of the animals epileptiform bioelectrical activity and provoked in all of them histological and histochemical changes in the region of the implantation (primary focus) as well as in some ipsilateral projection sites of the visual cortex (secondary foci). The changes within the secondary foci are demonstrated in the Corpus geniculatum laterale, pars dorsale (dLGN), by means of 18 histochemical and 5 histological methods. Together with the appearance of hyperactive and degenerating neurones combined with neuronophagy and diminution of the number of synapses a marked gliosis developed, especially an increase of microglia. The destruction of the tissue induced a depression of energy and transmitter metabolism and intensified lytic processes. This is confirmed by the decreased activities of LDH, SDH, GPDH, G6PDH, NAD(P)H-TR, GABA-T and GDH and the increased activity of acid phosphatase in the neuropil of the secondary foci. Single hyperactive nerve and glial cells were accented by high activities of those enzymes which had a reduced activity in the neuropil. Since in our experiments agar-rods without cobalt never induced histological or histochemical changes in subcortical grisea of the visual system, the secondary foci seem to result from the direct influence of the cobalt, migrating in the corticothalamic projection pathway and identifiable in the dLGN by the TIMM technique.
 ...
PMID:[Morphologic and histochemical changes in the secondary focus following cobalt-induced epileptogenic bioelectrical activity of the visual cortex in the adult rat]. 393 55

1. Assessment of the overall metabolic changes in lactating mammary gland after thyroidectomy has been made by measurement of the incorporation of (14)C from specifically labelled glucose, pyruvate and acetate into (14)CO(2) and (14)C-labelled lipid in the experimental rats and in sham-operated control animals. 2. Thyroidectomy depressed the oxidation of (14)C-labelled substrates, an effect still apparent when the control rats were pair-fed with thyroidectomized rats; however, the ratio of oxidation of [1-(14)C]glucose/oxidation of [6-(14)C]glucose was unaltered. In parallel with these studies it was revealed that the activities of hexokinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase were all lower in the thyroidectomized group than in the pair-fed control group. 3. Thyroidectomy also lowered the incorporation of (14)C-labelled substrates into (14)C-labelled lipid, an effect further studied by measurement of the activities of citrate-cleavage enzyme and acetate thiokinase. Restricting the food intake of the control rats to that of the thyroidectomized group lowered the activity of citrate-cleavage enzyme, but no further depression was observed on thyroidectomy. The oxidized and reduced nicotinamide nucleotide content of mammary tissue was shown to be decreased in the thyroidectomized rats compared with the control rats.
 ...
PMID:Effect of thyroidectomy on pathways of glucose metabolism in lactating rat mammary gland. 438 95

Using histochemical techniques, the reactivities of selected enzymes and other metabolic components were examined in the myocardium, coronary arteries, and coronary arterioles of normal, two-week-sympathectomized, and sham-operated canine hearts. There were no differences in the histochemistry of coronary arteries in any of the hearts, but important differences were noted in the myocardium and especially in the arterioles. The reactivities of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the nucleic acids were increased in arterioles of the sympathectomized heart, possibly indicating an increased protein synthesis. The reactivities of succinate dehydrogenase, NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase, and cytochrome oxidase were reduced in myocardium and arterioles of sympathectomized hearts as well as in arterioles of sham-operated hearts; the changes were greater in the sympathectomized arterioles where there was also observed an increase in reactivity of lactate dehydrogenase. These findings suggest a depression in aerobic metabolic capacity and, in the case of the sympathectomized arteriole, imply a possible shift in adaptation from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism.
 ...
PMID:The myocardium and its vasculature: a histochemical comparison of the normal and chronically sympathectomized dog heart. 615 74

An analysis of the glucose downshift mechanism in Bacillus subtilis has shown that the depression of catabolic enzymes characteristic of the 'glucose effect' includes isocitrate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Additionally, phosphofructokinase undergoes what appears to be a reversible modification regulated by glucose transport.
 ...
PMID:The glucose effect in Bacillus subtilis. 622 97


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 Next >>