Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Toxicosis was induced in pregnant Holstein-Friesian heifers by giving polybrominated biphenyls a in gelatin capsules at the rate of 25 g/day. Initially, this dosage was approximately 67 mg/kg of body weight. Clinical signs were anorexia, excessive lacrimation and salivation, diarrhea, emaciation, dehydration, depression, and abortion. Fever was not evident during the experiment. Values for serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen, and bilirubin were increased. Changes in packed cell volume, hemoglobin content, total erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, and differential leukocyte counts were minimal and reflected dehydration and secondary infection. The principal urine changes were decreased specific gravity and moderate proteinuria. Gross necropsy findings included dehydration; subcutaneous emphysema and hemorrhage; atrophy of the thymus; fetal death with concomitant necrosis of cotyledons; kidneys that were enlarged, pale tan to gray; thickened wall of the gallbladder; inspissated bile; edema of abomasal folds; mucoid enteritis; linear hemorrhage and edema of the rectal mucosa; and secondary pneumonia. Microscopic changes were most marked in the kidneys, gallbladder, and eyelid. In the kidney, the principal changes were extreme dilatation of collecting ducts and convoluted tubules, with epithelial degenerative changes of cloudy swelling, hydropic degeneration, and separation from the basement membrane. Common changes in the gallbladder were moderate to marked hyperplasia and cystic dilatation of the mucous glands in the lamina propria. The changes in the eyelids were characterized by hyperkeratosis, with accumulations of keratin in hair follicles of the epidermis and squamous metaplasia with keratin cysts in the tarsal glands. Clinical signs and lesions of toxicosis did not develop in heifers given the polybrominated biphenyls at the rate of 0.25 mg and 250 mg/day for 60 days. Initially these rates were approximately 0.00065 mg/kg and 0.65 mg/kg of body weight, respectively.
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PMID:Pathology of experimentally induced polybrominated biphenyl toxicosis in pregnant heifers. 18 92

The effects of gentamicin on cellular physiology were studied in a total of 9 mammalian cell lines, using the following parameters: cell morphology and viability (cytotoxicity), proliferation, culture medium acidification, lactic acid production, lactate dehydrogenase release, virus susceptibility, and effects on karyotype. With regard to cytotoxicity no gross differences could be found in the sensitivity of the diploid and aneuploid cells investigated, as judged by morphological criteria. However, cells exposed to the antibiotic in the lag-log phase of growth showed damage at lower concentrations (1000 mug/ml) than cells treated in the stationary phase (2000 mug/ml). As regards the influence of gentamicin on cell growth and metabolsim, dose-response relationship were found proving that the antibiotic causes a depression of proliferation, a striking increase in lactate production, an elevated LDH release, and changes in pH behaviour. All these parameters were unaffected by concentrations up to 125 mug/ml. No gross changes in chromosome morphology and number could be detected in huploid cell line after 10 passages with 50 mug/ml gentamicin in lieu of the usual penicillin plus streptomycin combination. The minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined in cell-free media and in tissue cultures against 4 species of bacteria. The MBC of gentamicin was generally lower as compared with the penicillin plus streptomycin combination. In some instances MBC was higher in the presence than in the absence of ti-sue culture cells. Comparison of the bactericidal efficiency against 31 strains of 7 species of bacteria of gentamicin (50 mug/ml) and penicillin plus streptomycin (100 units plus 100 mug/ml) in cell cultures proved that gentamicin is superior for control of bacterial growth in tissue culture.
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PMID:Gentamicin as a bactericidal antibiotic in tissue culture. 23 90

The delayed hypersensitivity (DH) response to picryl chloride was studied in Ehrlich ascites tumour-bearing and normal control mice. A significant depression of the DH response was found in the tumour-bearing mice, which was associated with a marked elevation of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Depression of DH was also observed in mice receiving cell-free ascitic fluid. These mice also showed an elevated serum LDH which is assumed to be associated with the lactate dehydrogenase virus. A method for assaying DH in vivo is described.
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PMID:Immunodepression, ascites tumour and lactate dehydrogenase virus. 59 55

The effect of local irradiation of a 50-cm long intestinal segment outside the abdominal cavity in rabbits has been studied. The rabbits were killed at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after irradiation. Activities of succinate and lactate dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatase and thiamine pyrophosphatase were studied histochemically in the irradiated intestinal segment and in the part of the intestine remaining in the abdominal cavity. The same material was studied electron-microscopically. Changes in enterocytes of the intestinal crypts were observed mainly in the mitochondria and in the form of a chaotic distribution of endoplasmic membranes and densely scattered ribosomes. In intestinal crypt cells, irradiation was followed by a depression in the activities of succinate and lactate dehydrogenases and alkaline phosphatase. These changes were related to postradiation damage, not to recovery.
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PMID:Histochemical and ultrastructural changes in locally gamma-irradiated rabbit intestine. 65 66

Four to 5 months after exposure of the right occipital lobe of the monkey to 3500 rads of X-irradiation there is a proliferative and degenerative lesion accompanied by a massive break in the blood-brain barrier. The resulting vasogenic edema causes gross swelling in the ipsilateral hemisphere, compression of the contralateral hemisphere with ventricular dilatation, and distortion of midline structures, which may result in herniation through the incisura and foramen magnum. The regional cerebral blood flow, determined by [14C]antipyrine method, at successive stages in the development and resolution of the delayed brain swelling shows a reduction of blood flow in white and gray matter, first regionally, then throughout the ipsilateral hemisphere and finally throughout the brain. This is accompanied by an increase in CSF pressure, CSF lactic dehydrogenase and total protein, and clinical signs of increased intracranial pressure. With resolution of CSF pressure, there is a return to baseline of CSF chemistry and partial resolution of the other parameters. The cerebral blood flow shows a greater recovery in gray than white matter, but there remains a diffuse depression suggesting a long-term impairment in cellular metabolism and/or blood flow regulatory mechanisms.
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PMID:Regional cerebral blood flow in delayed brain swelling following x-irradiation of the right occipital lobe in the monkey. 80 11

The present study was designed to develop an animal model applicable to the clinical patient in the investigation of the pathogenesis of septic shock. The model currently described is a lightly anesthetized, unrestrained monkey, carefully monitored during a 24 hour observation period. Varying doses of live Excherichia coli organisms were infused intravenously during a 30 minute period, and a variety of hemodynamic, respiratory and metabolic parameters were monitored. Doses of organisms varied between 7.6X10(9) and 3.0X10(11) organisms per kilogram of body weight, and there was no obvious correlation between size of dose and survival time. Two of nine experimental monkeys survived the Excherichia coli, while times of death of the remaining monkeys varied between three and 27 hours. Two control monkeys, not administered organisms, survived the 24 hour period with minimal changes in all measured parameters. Results reveal two patterns in response to organism administration. These were early acute death, after three to four hours, and prolonged life, death after 20 to 27 hours. The acute response was characterized by marked systemic hypotension, hypoglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, increased lactate level, decreased pH or respiratory depression. The other type of response involved profound sustained hypotension with hypoglycemia and hypoinsulinemia in most monkeys and elevations in lactate, blood urea nitrogen potassium creatinine, serum glutamicoxalacetic, lactic dehydrogenase and fractionatedlactic dehydrogenase levels. Depressions in respiration were not evident in the group which survived a longer period of time. Renal fibrin thrombi, prominent in baboons administered Escherichia coli, were absent in the rhesus monkey regardless of the size of the dose of organisms. The results of this study suggest the operation of a multifactiorial mechanism in septic shock with interactions between hemodynamic and metabolic factors varying within the species.
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PMID:Physiopathologic responses of the rhesus monkey to live Escherichia coli. 82 5

The effects on myocardial function, metabolism and ultrastructure of 60 minutes of reperfusion, instituted after 30, 60 and 90 minutes of occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, were studied in 48 dogs. Twelve sham-operated dogs served as controls. Coronary occlusion for 60 or 90 minutes caused significant depression in the first derivative of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt) (P less than 0.05) that could not be reversed by reperfusion. Upon reperfusion, creatine phosphate stores in myocardium made ischemic for 30 and 60 minutes, but not for 90 minutes, returned toward control levels, but stores of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and total nucleotides and the ATP/adenosine diphosphate ratio of myocardium subjected to 60 and 90 minutes of ischemia were further decreased. After 60 and 90 minutes of ischemia, swelling of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial damage (swelling, decreased matrix density and partial loss of cristae) were seen. Myofibrils were relaxed in all these groups. Reperfusion produced gross contraction of myofibrils and aggravated these changes in mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum. In the hearts subjected to 90 minutes of ischemia these changes were gross. The levels of creatine phosphokinase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase in the coronary sinus blood increased dramatically (P less than 0.05) upon reperfusion after 60 or 90 minutes of occlusion, indicating severe impairment of cell membranes. This secondary rise in serum enzyme activity during reperfusion should be taken into consideration when estimating the size of a myocardial infarct from enzyme changes alone. It appears that 60 and 90 minutes of ischemia cause severe myocardial damage that is not reversed by reperfusion maintained for 1 hour although longer periods of reperfusion may be beneficial.
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PMID:Alterations in energy metabolism and ultrastructure upon reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium after coronary occlusion. 108 Mar 52

Chronic experiments were conducted on sexually mature rats; histochemical study of the activity of some redox enzymes (glutamic dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase, glucoso-6-phosphoric dehydrogenase, glycerophosphoric dehydrogenase, and succinic dehydrogenase) was carried out in the ependymal cells of the floor of the third cerebral ventricle, the so called tanycytes, in case of an increased adrenocorticotrophic function of the hypophysis attained by bilaterial adrenalectomy, and in depression of this function as a result of chronic dexametasone administration. The activity of the enzymes under study decreased 2, 3 and 4 weeks after bilateral adrenalectomy. The activity of lactic dehydrogenase, glucerophosphoric dehydrogenase and succinic dehydrogenase increased in the tanycytes during administration of 5 gamma of dexametasone. Chronic administration of 100 gamma of dexametasone was accompanied by a toxic action of the preparation (a marked reduction in the weight of the adrenal glands, a negative body weight gain, and an aggravation of the animal's general condition). The results obtained pointed to the existence of a reverse correlation between the metabolic activity of tanicytes and the adrenocorticotrophic function of the hypophysis.
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PMID:[Histochemical study of tanycytes in connection with the adrenocorticotropic function of the hypophysis]. 114 24

The status of myocardial function in rabbits subjected to cardiac catheterization and infection with Streptococcus viridans was assessed at 3 and 6 days. Sham-operated control animals as well as uninfected catheterized animals were used for comparison. Although left heart hypertrophy and interstitial edema were evident in both uninfected and infected animals, the infected animals exhibited in addition mononuclear cell infiltration and muscle degeneration as well as lung congestion and accumulation of pleural fluid. Both uninfected and infected animals has elevated levels of serum creatine phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase as well as electrocardiographic abnormalities such as increased amplitude of the ORS complex and flattening or inversion of the T wave. Unlike findings in the uninfected animals, the serum calcium, magnesium and sodium levels were slightly but significantly decreased and serum potassium levels were increased in the infected rabbits. Both heart rate and pulse pressure were higher in 6 day uninfected and 3 day infected animals whereas 6 day infected animals showed a decrease in heart rate. In comparison to the sham-operated control rabbits and the uninfected animals, the infected animals exhibited depression in the rates of left ventricular pressure development and relaxation as well as prolongation in time for half relaxation in situ. Relative maximal contractile element velocity extrapolated from intraventricular pressure-velocity curves was decreased by 24, 52 and 76 percent, respectively, of control values in the uninfected hearts and those with 3 and 6 days of infection. The isolated perfused hearts from infected animals also generated less contractile force and showed a decrease in the rates of contraction and relaxation, but half-relaxation time was increased. These results demonstrate myocardial dysfunction during experimental bacterial endocarditis and provide evidence that infective cardiomyopathy is associated with heart failure.
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PMID:Alterations in myocardial function during bacterial infective cardiomyopathy. 125 70

Dried, milled Cestrum laevigatum plant material was drenched to 6 ewes at doses ranging from 2,5 to 10 g/kg/day for 1 to 47 days. The most noticeable clinical signs were depression, anorexia and ruminal stasis. These signs were accompanied by clinical pathological changes indicative of liver involvement such as increases in the serum activities of aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyltransferase. Hepatosis characterized by accentuated lobulation, and centrilobular to midzonal coagulative necrosis, haemorrhage and congestion occurred in 2 of the 3 ewes given high doses of plant material. Liver lesions in the other animals included disappearance of hepatocytes and collapse of the reticulin stroma in the centrilobular areas. Spongy changes in the cerebral white matter were evident in the ewes of the high-dose group. Ultrastructural changes in the liver comprised degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes and occasionally endothelial cells, and disruption of sinusoidal walls.
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PMID:Experimentally-induced Cestrum laevigatum (Schlechtd.) poisoning in sheep. 151 94


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