Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An overview of immunological contraceptive methods is presented. The most important factors to be considered in developing sperm antigens are specificity in identifying and isolating the antigens and characterizing the resulting immune reactions carefully. Induced autoimmunorchiditis has been tested as a method of contraception with varied results. The resulting destruction of the gonadal tissues occurs without hormonal depression and is reversible. Sperm antibodies have been produced in females by injections of human sperm with varying degrees of effectiveness. Antisperm enzyme isoimmunization in the female inhibits penetration of the sperm or disturbs embryonic development by damaging the sperm. Seminal plasma antigens show less promise for use as contraceptives. Antibodies against spermatozoa may be induced locally with immunoglobulins. Antigens to the zona pellucida are in evidence in every stage of ovulation until the zona is shed. Antibodies to the zona pellucida hinder penetration and implantation of the sperm. The hormones HCS and HCG, which are produced by the placenta, may have contraceptive usefulness. Placental protein antigens must be available in sufficient quantities and must inhibit or interrupt implantation at a very early stage with few side effects. The most common side effect of immunological contraceptive methods is cross-reactive autoimmunity.
 ...
PMID:[Status and developmental trends of immunologic contraceptive technics]. 8 54

In young, adult male volunteers Leydig cell function tests were performed consisting of i.m. administration of 1500, 3000 or 4500 IU of HCG on days 1, 2 and 3 and plasma testosterone determination by radioimmunoassay. The stimulatory effect of HCG known from the literature is reconfirmed. However, no difference between the effect of the three dosage levels was found and the first significant effect of HCG was observed 24 h after its first application. Testosterone levels on day 3 and 4 are higher but not different from each other. A depression of plasma testosterone after treatment with an anabolic steroid (1alpha, 17alpha-dimethyl-5alpha-androstan-17-ol-3-one) 20 mg daily for 14 days is described. Reactivity to HCG was sustained in these subjects, but testosterone response to HCG was diminished at all investigated time intervals.
 ...
PMID:Plasma testosterone response to HCG in normal men without and after administration of anabolic drug. 87 Mar 13

Intramuscular injection of 0.2 mg methylergobasine maleate3) (Methergin, Sandoz) in women on day 3 post-partum, in regularly menstruating women and in adult men, is followed within 30 to 75 min by a 50% decrease in serum prolactin concentration: the levels remain low until 180 min and increase between 180 and 240 min. The amplitude of the decrease is the same when prolactin is measured in terms of the same serum prolactin standard by a homologous ovine assay and by a homologous human assay. However, in the case of regularly menstruating women and of men serum prolactin concentration is some three times higher when estimated by the ovine assay than when estimated by the human assay. This difference between assay results obtained by the two radioimmunoassay methods could be due to heterogeneity of serum prolactin. However, non-specific effects of serum are not excluded. In regularly menstruating women and in men, intramuscular injection of 0.2 mg methylergobasine maleate is followed within 45 to 75 min by a 50% decrease in immunoreactive serum LH concentration without concomtant change in immunoreactive FSH. The depression of LH secretion lasts for 1 to 2 h. The circulating levels of HCG in post-partum women are not modified after intramuscular injection of Methergin. In humans as in animals and in in vitro studies, inhibition of prolactin and LH release induced by ergot drugs are likely due to both an indirect effect via the hypothalamus and to a direct effect on the pituitary cells.
 ...
PMID:Effect of methylergobasine maleate on serum gonadotrophin and prolactin in humans. 117 74

The effect of cytostatics (Methotrexate, Oncovin and Dactinomycin) on early human trophoblast in vitro was studied by the tissue (organ) culture technique according to Trowell and by brief incubation with thymidine 3H. The cytostatics were tested by the method of Tanneberger in clinical and tenfold higher doses. The criteria for cytostatic efficacy were based an activity of DNA, histologic and histochemical changes, and secretion of hormonal chorionic gonadotropin. In vitro cultures of trophoblast were found to be a good model for evaluation of cytostatics, and the tested chemotherapeutics were effective chemotherapeutically. Upon addition to in vitro cultures they changed the structure and function of trophoblastic cells, resulting in depression of DNA resynthesis, histologic changes, changes in enzyme activities assessed histochemically, and impaired HCG secretion. The most pronounced effects were obtained with Dactinomycin or with a combination of Dactinomycin and methotrexate. Methotrexate alone had the weakest effect on DNA resynthesis and structure of the trophoblastic cells. The effect achieved with methotrexate after 120 hours was equal to the effect of Dactinomycin after 48 hours. Comparison of the histologic and hormonal results with DNA activity showed concordance between the intensity of morphologic and hormonal changes and impairment of nucleic acid functions.
 ...
PMID:The influence of selected cytostatics on human trophoblast in vitro. 119 42

A gradual increase in spontaneous lymphocyte DNA synthesis was demonstrated in each trimester of pregnancy. Autoradiographic studies indicated that lymphocytes were primarily responsible for this activity. PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation in both fetal calf serum and autologous serum was significantly reduced in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Spontaneous lymphocyte DNA synthesis was significantly reduced in patients with mild pre-eclampsia. However, no significant differences were seen in patients with severe pre-eclampsia in the third trimester of pregnancy compared with the normal control subjects. No evidence was adduced to implicate inhibitory humoral factors affecting the peripheral blood lymphocytes in pregnany patients in experiments in which washed lymphocytes were cultured in medium containing heterologous serum. In vitro experiments demonstrated that cortisol, progesterone and HPL caused a significant reduction in lymphocyte DNA synthesis, and HGH and HCG had a variable effect. However, only cortisol was regularly inhibitory at physiological concentrations. The progesterone effect was dose-related, producing 90 per cent inhibition of activity at a concentration of 10 mug/ml. No synergism could be shown between HPL and progesterone on lymphocyte transformation. The increase in activity of circulating immunoreactive cells during pregnancy and its depression with the onset of pre-eclampsia is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Changes in lymphocyte function during pregnancy. 125 92

During pregnancy in mice, cell-mediated immunity as measured by a contact allergic reaction to picryl chloride was diminished (P less than 0.001). Mice in which delay of implantation was maintained by progesterone, and mice with progesterone- and oestradiol-maintained pregnancies, also showed a reduction in the inflammatory response. The response of pseudopregnant mice did not differ from that of the non-pregnant controls. Young mice sensitized before complete immunological competence gave a 50% response. The response doubled in animals given a second sensitization. The extent of the response in females with delay of implantation varied inversely with the dose of progesterone. A range of oestrogen doses gave the same depression in the response when given to pseudopregnant animals. Administration of HCG to pseudopregnant mice also reduced the inflammatory response.
 ...
PMID:The effect of progesterone, oestradiol and HCG on cell-mediated immunity in pregnant mice. 127 41

Hormonal and clinical evaluation was performed in eleven females with diagnosis of pseudocyesis. Plasma levels of pituitary gonadotropins (FSH-LH), progesterone, estradiol and thyroid hormones (T3, T4, TSH) under basal conditions were measured through radioimmunoassay. Diagnosis of pseudocyesis was made according to the following criteria: a) secondary amenorrhea (greater than 12 weeks); b) two or more symptoms of gestation; c) conviction of being pregnant; d) negative HCG or pelvic ultrasound study. The circulation levels of gonadotropins were within normal limits. Progesterone exhibited a ovulatory pattern and thyroid hormones were normal for every instance. Once case had slight hyperprolactinemia (26.0 ng/ml) with impaired gonadotropin production and ovulatory progesterone. All patients had galactorrhea. The psychological study disclosed a tendency toward depression. Our findings partially confirmed previous observations, differing basically on that we observed normal hormonal trend.
 ...
PMID:[Pseudocyesis: clinical and hormonal evaluation]. 251 25

To investigate the changes of testosterone (T) secretion under sustained hypoxia, we determined basal levels of urine T, 17 ketosteroid, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and response to LHRH and HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) in male patients with respiratory failure. After evaluating blood gas data, we also measured serum T, LH, FSH, plasma progesterone (P) and 17 hydroxyprogesterone (17OH-P). The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to PaO2; Group 1 with a PaO2 under 60 Torr, Group 2 with a PaO2 between 60 Torr and under 70 Torr, Group 3 was an age-matched control group. Urine T and serum T were significantly lower in Group 1 compared with those of Group 3. In the LHRH test, augmented relative responsiveness and delayed peak value in LH secretion were observed in Group 1, compared with those of Group 3. As for the HCG test, no differences were observed among the 3 groups. The ratio of 17OH-P to P, which indicates activity of 17-hydroxylase, was observed to be diminished with increasing degrees of hypoxia. These data suggest that in male patients with respiratory failure there was depression in T secretion as well as 17-hydroxylase activity due to hypothalamic-pituitary hypofunction.
 ...
PMID:[Depression of testosterone secretion in male patients with respiratory failure]. 261 89

To study the role of prolactin in the regulation of the production of 17 beta-oestradiol, HPL, beta-HCG, progesterone, testosterone, delta 4-androstenedione and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, 20 healthy women were given 5 mg of bromocriptine daily for two weeks between 7-9 weeks of normal pregnancy. Plasma HPRL, HPL, HCG, oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone, delta 4-androstenedione and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone levels were measured before and one and two weeks after the start of bromocriptine-application, and they were compared with those examined in control groups (18 women). Bromocriptine induced a significant HPRL depression at one week and two weeks. Other hormones, except progesterone, showed no significant differences between two groups. These data suggest that neither maternal hypoprolactinemia nor bromocriptine during normal early human pregnancy interfere with the normal synthesis of sex steroids.
 ...
PMID:Influence of bromocriptine on plasma prolactin, human placental lactogen, beta-HCG and steroid hormones in early human pregnancy. 401 67

In patients treated for prostatic carcinoma with oestrogen, orchiectomy or external radiation, serum concentrations of testosterone, LH, FSH, prolactin, TeBG and oestradiol-17 beta as well as changes in sexual behaviour and mental mood were studied. Oestrogen treatment as well as orchiectomy reduced serum testosterone concentration to similar values. Neither totally nor subcapsularly orchiectomized patients responded to HCG stimulation. The free testosterone was 68% lower in oestrogen treated than in orchiectomized patients, probably due to a high TeBG concentration induced by oestrogens. patients oestrogen treated for less than 3 years and in whom the treatment had been withdrawn had normal serum testosterone and LH at follow-up. In contrast, low serum testosterone concentration and normal LH were found after oestrogen cessation in patients oestrogen treated for more than 3 years indicating reduced Leydig cell, and/or hypothalamic-hypophyseal function. In patients oestrogen treated for more than 3 years the serum testosterone concentration neither increased after oestrogen cessation nor decreased after orchiectomy. Absorbed testes doses during radiation treatment were measured from a few to more than 10 Gy but were reduced by about 50% if the gonads were protected by lead shields during anterior and posterior treatment sessions. Radiation may affect gonadal function as decreased serum testosterone concentration and increased LH, FSH were found after treatment. Sexual function was altered after oestrogen, orchiectomy and radiation treatment. Sexual activity and capability were distinctly better maintained after radiation than after orchiectomy or oestrogen treatment. Sixty-seven percent of the patients had coitus or masturbated after radiation treatment, all experiencing orgasm. Patients on oestrogen treatment or after orchiectomy had coitus/masturbation less often (17% in both groups). They also experienced orgasm less often (8% and 17% respectively). The group of patients on oestrogen treatment had a higher average score for depression than those treated with orchiectomy or radiation treatment.
 ...
PMID:Some effects of orchiectomy, oestrogen treatment and radiation therapy in patients with prostatic carcinoma. 642 40


1 2 Next >>