Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sensitivity to the hypnotic action of ethanol has been found to increase in SS/Ibg (SS) but not in LS/Ibg (LS) mice after intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of calcium. In the present investigation, a correlation was found between calcium-induced changes in behavioral sensitivity and in the sensitivity of cerebellar Purkinje neurons to the depressant effects of locally applied ethanol. Cerebellar Purkinje neuron sensitivity was measured as the dose of ethanol pressure ejected from a multibarreled micropipette required to produce a 50% depression of spontaneous firing rate of single neurons. Administration of 0.2-0.4 mumol calcium chloride into the lateral ventricle of the brain increased the sensitivity of SS but not LS mice to the hypnotic behavioral effect of systemically administered ethanol. Similarly, Purkinje neuron sensitivity to locally applied ethanol was also enhanced in SS but not in LS mice 15 min following administration of calcium (0.25 mumol) icv. Furthermore, locally applied ethanol was more effective in depressing spontaneous Purkinje neuron discharge in SS mice when a 1 mM calcium solution was concomitantly pressure ejected with ethanol from the micropipette. Magnesium chloride did not mimic the effects of calcium on either behavioral or electrophysiological effects of ethanol, suggesting that the action of calcium is not a nonspecific effect of divalent cations. These data suggest that calcium-dependent processes may be involved in behavioral and electrophysiological effects associated with ethanol intoxication. Further research will be required to determine if the genetically selected difference in ethanol sensitivity expressed in LS and SS mice is regulated by calcium mechanisms.
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PMID:Calcium differentially alters behavioral and electrophysiological responses to ethanol in selectively bred mouse lines. 331 60

The effects of magnesium chloride were investigated on pacemaker activity and atrial contractility, using isolated, blood-perfused canine atrial and ventricular preparations with heparinized arterial blood led from the support dogs. Magnesium chloride injected directly into the sinus node artery produced dose-related negative chronotropic and inotropic effects in isolated right atria. In small doses (0.1-1 mg), magnesium chloride caused only a negative chronotropic effect without significant negative inotropic changes. The threshold dose for inducing the negative chronotropic response to magnesium chloride was approximately 0.3-1 mg, but that for the negative inotropic response 1-3 mg. The duration of the negative inotropic response was usually shorter than that of the negative chronotropic response. These negative effects were not inhibited by atropine which completely blocked the acetylcholine-induced effects. Magnesium chloride also produced a dose-dependent negative inotropic effect in the isolated, blood-perfused left ventricular preparation in relatively highdose ranges. Moreover, magnesium chloride produced an uniform depression of contraction amplitude at all frequencies (2-3.5 Hz) examined on the frequency-force relationship.
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PMID:Effects of magnesium on the isolated, blood-perfused atrial and ventricular preparations of the dog heart. 723 May 23

Magnesium (Mg) is an essential biomineral that acts as an intracellular cofactor for more than 300 enzymes. It is an important modulator of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor which is involved in memory function and depression. The purpose of this study was to compare the dose dependent effect of oral supplementation of Magnesium chloride (MgCl2), Magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) and Magnesium-L-threonate (MgT) on memory and depression-related behaviors in rats. Rats were orally administered with different doses (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg) of each Mg salt. Following 28 days of oral supplementation, animals were subjected to behavioral tests. After completion of behavioral test, rats were decapitated. Brain and plasma samples were used for neurochemical and biochemical analysis. Assessment of behaviors in elevated plus maze (EPM) test and forced swim test (FST) showed that MgT more significantly improved memory of rats and decreased depression-like symptoms in healthy rats as compared to controls. Biochemical analysis indicated significant increase in plasma Mg levels dose dependently following MgT administration. This increase might be related to observe enhanced cholinergic functions and decline in oxidative stress in rats in the present study. This comparative study highlights that MgT (100mg/kg) is the most appropriate Mg salt and dose for oral treatment that strengthens cholinergic system and improves brain related functions through attenuation of oxidative burden in adult healthy rats.
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PMID:Neurobehavioral and biochemical effects of magnesium chloride (MgCl2), magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) and magnesium-L-threonate (MgT) supplementation in rats: A dose dependent comparative study. 3082 4