Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A standard experimental shock model was used to investigate the nature and treatment of refractory shock. Peripheral vasodilatation secondary to hypoxia appeared to be the primary problem in pathogenesis, such factors as myocardial or reticuloendothelial depression being of a secondary nature. Protease inhibition using aprotinin (Trasylol) was ineffective in therapy, but glucocorticoids in pharmacological dosage produced a significant improvement in cardiodynamic and oxygen metabolic factors, provided that the agent was administered early.
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PMID:The nature and therapy of refractory shock. 31 19

The consequences of altered immuno-competence resulting from anaesthesia and surgery are potentially hazardous to the patient with malignant disease. Malnutrition also produces reduction in cell mediated immunity, a condition which is commonly incurred in patients with neoplastic disorders. Numerous agents have been claimed to stimulate the immune responses but few have proved to be of practical value. This paper reports the use variously of protease inhibitors, using Aprotinin, and post operative nutritional therapy, following major surgical resection for carcinoma - specifically as regards their influence on parameters believed to relate to cell mediated immunity. No clinical, metabolic or immunologic benefit was identified from either method of post operative stimulation of cell mediated immunity, although this study did confirm post operative depression of these parameters. The significance of these changes is unclear but there is no evidence to support an immunological mechanism for either of these approaches being of benefit in clinical practice.
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PMID:Post operative stimulation of cell mediated immunity. 241 48

We investigated the effect of urinastatin on energy metabolism disorder during shock. Intravenous administration of urinastatin at the dose of 50,000 U/kg ameliorated the decrease in total adenine nucleotide (TA) levels and in energy charge (EC) of liver and pancreas during traumatic-shock induced by the Noble-Collip drum method in rats. Urinastatin, at a concentration of 3,000 U/ml, suppressed the decrease in EC of rat liver slices exposed to the medium including 10% serum obtained from traumatic-shock rats. Aprotinin showed a similar effect. Depression in respiratory activity of liver mitochondria exposed to the shock rat serum was also ameliorated by 1,000 U/ml of urinastatin, but aprotinin failed to reverse this depression. In the isolated rat livers perfused with normal rat serum, urinastatin at the concentration of 3,000 U/ml did not affect ATP and TA levels and EC. These results suggest that, unlike aprotinin, urinastatin ameliorates the depression of energy metabolism in liver during shock without affecting normal energy metabolism, probably by antagonizing the actions of depressant factors released into blood during the shock state and by protecting against the decrease in the adenine nucleotide pool.
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PMID:[Effects of urinastatin on an energy metabolism disorder during shock]. 243 82

Neither the novel peptide, islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), nor its homologue, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), contracted guinea pig isolated trachea (GPT), but on preparations contracted with KCl (40 mM), both caused concentration-related relaxation (1 nM-3 microM). Relaxant curves to both were shallow and slow in development, with clear maxima not being obtained. The protease inhibitors, phosphoramidon (1 microM), leupeptin (50 microM), bestatin (100 microM), soya bean trypsin inhibitor (1 microM), and aprotinin (5 microM), together had no effect on relaxations to CGRP, but depressed those to IAPP. Aprotinin appeared to be responsible for this depression. The specific CGRP antagonist, CGRP(8-37), 1-10 microM, had no effect on relaxations to either peptide. These findings demonstrate that IAPP relaxes GPT in a similar manner to CGRP.
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PMID:The effects of IAPP and CGRP on guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle in vitro. 785 76

The efficacy of aprotinin to reduce intraoperative bleeding tendency in cardiac operations has been demonstrated in several studies. Aprotinin is a polybasic polypeptide and has antigenic properties. Anaphylactic reactions to aprotinin have been described. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of adverse reactions to reexposure to high-dose aprotinin. The clinical outcome of all patients undergoing heart operations in our institution between 1988 and 1995 with at least two exposures to aprotinin was investigated. There were 248 reexposures to aprotinin in 240 patients: 101 adult and 147 pediatric cases. The total aprotinin doses were 4.9 x 10(6) (interquartile range 2 x 10(6)) KIU (adults) and 1.3 x 10(6) (interquartile range 1.2 x 10(6)) KIU (pediatric patients). The time between the first and second aprotinin exposures was 344 (interquartile range 1039) days. Seven adverse reactions to aprotinin were found (2.8%). The severity of the reaction ranged from mild (no intervention) to severe (longer-lasting circulatory depression despite vasopressor therapy). All patients survived the event. Patients with an interval less than 6 months since the previous exposure had a statistically higher incidence of adverse reactions than patients with a longer interval (5/111 or 4.5% vs 2/137 or 1.5%, p < 0.05). Two patients reacted to a test dose of 10,000 KIU aprotinin. Pretreatment with antihistaminics was done in 60% of the patients. We recommend the following procedure for reexposure with high-dose aprotinin: (1) delay of the first bolus injection of aprotinin until the surgeon is ready to begin cardiopulmonary bypass, (2) test dose of 10,000 KIU aprotinin in all patients with aprotinin treatment, (3) H1/H2 blockade in known or possible reexposures, and (4) avoidance of reexposure within the first 6 months after the previous exposure to aprotinin. With these precautions a reexposure to aprotinin in patients with a high risk of bleeding is justified, because the benefits of aprotinin treatment outweigh the relative risk of a serious allergic reaction.
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PMID:Prevalence of anaphylactic reactions to aprotinin: analysis of two hundred forty-eight reexposures to aprotinin in heart operations. 901 90