Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have investigated in eight healthy persons the effect of a single intranasal dose of 40 microgram DDAVP on plasma renin activity (PRA) in the upright posture. During normal sodium intake there were no differences in the PRA values between the time-control and DDAVP studies. However, during sodium restriction in four subjects with higher initial PRA, DDAVP induced a 40% decrease, lasting no longer than 45 minutes. There was no change in PRA after DDAVP in the other four subjects with much lower initial levels. Although no major or consistent suppressive influence could be demonstrated in the present study, in certain persons with highly stimulated initial PRA levels a transitory slight depression may be expected after a pharmacological dose of DDAVP.
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PMID:Effect of DDAVP on plasma renin activity in man. 48 97

Fourteen Alzheimer subjects participated in a parallel group study of desamino-D-arginine-vasopressin (DDAVP, desmopressin). All subjects received one week of single-blind placebo. Then on a double-blind basis, the active group received DDAVP intranasally in doses starting at 30 micrograms per day and increasing over a 3 week period to 180 micrograms per day; the control group received an identical placebo. Using a repeated measures ANOVA, three measures out of thirty-one were found to be statistically significant for DDAVP treatment: the Hamilton depression scale and the affect and interpersonal subscales of the SCAG. However, the magnitude of these changes was probably too small to be clinically significant. Except for one subject who transiently became hyponatremic (Na of 120) and confused while receiving 180 micrograms of DDAVP, there were no adverse effects. There were no significant group changes in sodium, potassium, plasma osmolality, blood pressure, and weight.
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PMID:Desamino-D-arginine-vasopressin (DDAVP) in Alzheimer's disease. 352 91

Major depression is associated with significant disturbance in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning, including blunted release of ACTH in response to CRH infusion. Eight melancholic depressives and eight matched healthy comparison subjects underwent, in random order, the following challenges: placebo, CRH, CRH + DDAVP. Blood for ACTH and cortisol estimation was drawn at -15, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min. A blunted release of ACTH, in response to CRH challenge, was observed in depression (P < 0.01), whereas maximal cortisol responses in both groups were similar, despite elevated baseline levels in depression (P < 0.05). The combined CRH/DDAVP infusion produced similar ACTH and cortisol release in both groups. These results suggest that melancholic depression is associated with enhanced pituitary vasopressinergic responsivity.
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PMID:Desmopressin normalizes the blunted adrenocorticotropin response to corticotropin-releasing hormone in melancholic depression: evidence of enhanced vasopressinergic responsivity. 1037 38

Excessive bruising is a symptom noted by parents of some children treated with the ketogenic diet for epilepsy control, although this side effect is not reported in the literature. We evaluated our cohort of current and past diet-treated patients for symptoms of bruising or bleeding through chart review and prospective screening at clinic follow-up visits. A significant increase in bruising or other minor bleeding was reported and/or observed in 16 of 51 patients (31.4%). There were no differences in sex distribution or number of anticonvulsants used between patients with bruising/bleeding and those without this symptom, although the group with bruising/bleeding was significantly younger. No specific anticonvulsant was associated with bruising/bleeding. Six patients with diet-induced bruising/bleeding underwent an investigation for bleeding diathesis. Five of these patients had prolonged bleeding times and all had diminished responsiveness to various platelet aggregating agents, with no evidence of a release defect. The abnormalities all normalized in the 1 patient tested after ceasing the diet. No patients had serious hemorrhage. One patient had mild von Willebrand disease, which had been asymptomatic before diet initiation. Some patients were Stimate responsive, suggesting a treatment for more severe bouts of symptoms. These data suggest that a ketogenic diet-related bleeding tendency occurs in about one third of treated patients owing to preexisting factors defining susceptibility in combination with diet-induced depression of platelet responsiveness, possibly related to changes in platelet membrane lipid composition and/or concentration and resultant effects on function of membrane-embedded proteins. Patients on the diet undergoing anticoagulation or surgery should be evaluated carefully for symptoms of bleeding tendency.
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PMID:Bruising and the ketogenic diet: evidence for diet-induced changes in platelet function. 1119 2