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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Injections of contrast material (Hypaque M-75%) and normal saline into the left ventricle (LV) of 1- to 3-month-old conscious lambs, during continuous monitoring of LV internal dimensions and pressures, revealed instaneous increases in LV end diastolic and end systolic volumes and LV end diastolic pressure. After contrast material, these alterations were sustained. Contrast injections were also accompanied by a mild depression in LV contractile state (dp/dt/P), systemic vasodilatation and persistent augmentation of cardiac output. The immediate effects on LV dimensions are primarily a consequence of acute volume expansion of the LV by the injection while the sustained changes likely reflect an expanded intravascular volume.
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PMID:Effects of contrast material on dimensions and hemodynamics of the newborn heart: a study in conscious newborn lambs. 14 18

In forty patients with normal coronary arteries, the electrocardiographic changes secondary to Urografin 76 and Hypaque 85 injection into both coronary arteries were monitored. Hypaque caused significantly greater prolongation of the PR interval (p less than 0.001), depression of the ST segment (p less than 0.05) and depth of T wave inversion (p less than 0.05). These effects were more noticeable during right coronary artery injection. Both contrast media slowed the heart rate equally during right and left coronary artery injection. In the absence of coronary arterial disease the ECG changes secondary to contrast media injection probably reflect a direct toxic effect. It is possible that premedication with atropine will reduce these effects. Urografin 76 appears the less toxic of the two media, although one case of ventricular fibrillation occurred with each.
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PMID:Contrast media during coronary arteriography: electrocardiographic changes in the presence of normal coronary arteries. 70 21

Intracoronary administration of contrast agents may be associated with contractile dysfunction and arrhythmias. To further establish the mechanisms of these alterations, we studied high-energy phosphate metabolism, developed pressure, the occurrence of arrhythmias, and the effects of verapamil during infusion of ionic and nonionic agents in isovolumic, retrogradely perfused rat hearts using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMR). Diatrizoate meglumine (Renografin) infusion reduced developed pressure (DP) to 17.1 +/- 3.4% (p less than 0.001) of the control level, and immediately following termination of the infusion, sudden ventricular tachycardia (VT) was observed in four of six hearts. In the presence of verapamil, meglumine reduced DP to 13 +/- 1.9% of control values and none of these six hearts developed VT. Iopamidol infusion in the presence of verapamil (n = 6) and alone (n = 6) resulted in a decrease in DP to 87% of control value, and no arrhythmias, significant change in high-energy phosphate levels, or changes in pH were observed. These results suggest that contrast-induced contractile depression is not mediated by changes in high-energy phosphate metabolism or pH. Arrhythmias associated with meglumine administration alone and suppressed by verapamil are probably related to calcium loading.
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PMID:Contractile, metabolic and arrhythmogenic effects of ionic and nonionic contrast agents in the isolated rat heart. 151 93

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) form a major part of the body's nonspecific first line of defense. An early event, prerequisite for the effective restriction of microbial invasions, is the chemotactic movement of activated neutrophils towards the invading organisms. To date, only limited and contradictory data exist regarding the effects of various intravenous anesthetic agents on neutrophil migration. In this study, the influence of ketamine, etomidate, midazolam, diazepam, and six commonly used i.v. barbiturates (hexo-, pheno-, pentobarbital, methohexital, thiopental, thiobutobarbital) on the in vitro motility of isolated human PMN was tested. Purified PMN (greater than 95%) were obtained from venous blood samples of healthy adults by dextran sedimentation, subsequent ammonium chloride treatment for red blood cell lysis, and Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation. Random and chemotactic migration were assessed under 1% agarose in the presence of 10(-3)-10(-7) M logarithmic dilutions of the agents in antibiotic free migration medium (MEM). N-fMet-Leu-Phe (FMLP) served as the standardized chemical attractant (10(-7) M). PMN motility was unaffected by ketamine and etomidate, but a significant (P less than 0.001), dose - related depression could be observed with both benzodiazepines at concentrations exceeding 10(-5) M (Fig. 1). Except at 10(-3) M concentration, this migratory inhibition proved to be easily reversible (Fig. 3). At the highest concentration tested (10(-3) M), all the barbiturates caused a significant (P less than 0.001) but completely reversible depression of random as well as chemotactic PMN migration (Table 1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Intravenous anesthetics and human neutrophil granulocyte motility in vitro]. 288 93

Twenty-six patients with major thermal injury were studied with sequential tests of immunocompetence. Five to 8 days after burn, 12 of 26 patients developed a marked depression in the phytohemagglutinin response (17 +/- 8 percent of baseline) and an increase in suppression of the normal mixed leukocyte response (70 +/- 13 percent suppression), which was followed by severe life-threatening sepsis 4 to 5 days later. Concomitant with this marked immunosuppression, the 12 patients developed red debris in the normally white mononuclear layer of the Ficoll-Hypaque density centrifugation gradients used to separate mononuclear cells. None of the 14 patients with minimal or no sepsis developed red debris in Ficoll-Hypaque gradients, nor did they show signs of immune depression by phytohemagglutinin or mixed leukocyte response assays. The only patients in the severe sepsis group who survived were those given aminoglycosides at the time red debris was observed on the Ficoll-Hypaque gradients. The presence of red debris on Ficoll-Hypaque separation appears to be a simple and reliable predictor of impending sepsis, which allows the use of antibiotics before the clinical onset of sepsis.
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PMID:A simple method of predicting severe sepsis in burn patients. 644 67

Patients with advanced cancer have a depressed immunological function. We performed a battery of tests on peripheral blood samples from 42 patients with gynecological cancer to determine the extent to which this depression was due to abnormal lymphocyte function, as compared to changes in the number of lymphoid cells in the peripheral blood or in the efficiency of purification of cells in Ficoll:Hypaque gradients in preparation for testing. The percentage of lymphocytes in the gradient-derived cell suspension (% LG) and the absolute lymphocyte count were more informative than mitogen stimulation, mixed leukocyte culture, and T- and B-cell measurements. Both values decreased significantly with the advancing stage of cancer, and we were able to predict survival of patients with uniform stage of disease. The % LG correlated with survival better than did any other test when multivariate analyses of all test combinations were performed. Low values of % LG reflected both the depressed lymphocyte counts and the altered buoyant density of the leukocytes of many patients with advanced cancer. A large portion of the depression in other immune function tests was statistically attributed to changes in % LG and the lymphocyte counts. We concluded that these two simple measurements provide valuable information about patients with gynecological cancer.
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PMID:Prediction of survival in gynecological cancer based on immunological tests. 644 87

The effects of the radiographic contrast agents Renografin, Isopaque, and Hypaque on the mechanical performance of isometrically contracting rat papillary muscle was compared to a new contrast agent, Amipaque. It was found that exposure to Amipaque resulted in significantly less depression of contractile activity than any of the other agents. Changes in mechanical performance associated with exposure to Renografin, Isopaque, or Hypaque could not be attributed to either hypocalcemia or hypoxia. The decrease in developed tension and increase in resting tension was similar to that produced by Krebs-Henseleit containing hypertonic (1420 mmol) glucose or sucrose. Thus, the data support the concept that hyperosmolarity of the radiographic contrast agents may be primarily responsible for the adverse effects on mechanical performance of the myocardium associated with angiography.
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PMID:Effect of angiographic contrast agents on the mechanical performance of the isolated rat papillary muscle preparations. 678 37

Monocytes have been thought to play an important role in the immune surveillance system of cancer patients since monocytes were shown to participate as accessory cells in the induction of T-cell proliferation to PHA by Potter et al. in 1977. We had already reported the depression of monocyte function with the progress of cancer after PHA response of mononuclear cells obtained by centrifugation of Ficoll-Hypaque and lymphocytes obtained by depletion of monocytes ingesting Silica from mononuclear cells was compared in cancer patients. In that study, however, monocyte function was considered not to be indicated truly because responding cells were different at each examination. Therefore, in this study responding cells were graded as T-cells obtained from healthy volunteers and monocytes were added to the T-cells. Monocyte function in this study was as follows: PHA response to T-cells and monocytes over PHA response to T-cells. In this study, monocytes were allogenic to T-cells. At first, the influence of monocytes to allogenic T-cells was studied but it was found to be negligible. The ratio of monocytes and T-cells was 1:1. The concentration of PHA was 20 micrograms/ml. Finally, the monocyte function of patients with cervical cancer was studied. It was increased at the stage of CIS and then gradually decreased. At the advanced stage, it was significantly decreased to comparison with that of healthy volunteers.
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PMID:[Study of monocyte function in patients with cervical cancer by using T-lymphocyte monocyte interaction in response to phytohemagglutinin (author's transl)]. 697 46

We performed a battery of tests on peripheral blood samples from 94 patients with lung cancer to determine the extent to which immunological depression was due to abnormal lymphocyte function, as compared to changes in the number of lymphoid cells in the peripheral blood or in the efficiency of purification of cells in Ficoll-Hypaque gradients in preparation for testing. The percentage of lymphocytes in the gradient-derived cell suspension (%LG) was the most informative test. It decreased significantly with advancing stage of cancer and could predict survival of patients with uniform stage. The %LG correlated with survival better than any other test when multivariate analyses of all test combinations were performed. Low values of %LG reflected both the depressed lymphocyte counts and the altered buoyant density of the leucocytes of many patients with advanced cancer. A large proportion of the depression in other immune function tests was statistically attributed to changes in %LG. We concluded that this simple measurement provides valuable information about patients with lung cancer.
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PMID:Prognostic significance of immunological tests in lung cancer. 702 61

The role of mononuclear cells in generating procoagulant activity was examined by incubating Ficoll-Hypaque-separated mononuclear leukocytes with or without mitogens (phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and concanavalin A). The procoagulant activity was assayed by a modification of a one-stage plasma recalcification time. Significant procoagulant activity developed after 24 hr incubation and was dose dependent; mitogens alone had no effect on the clotting time. The increase in activity was paralleled by the increase in tritiated thymidine incorporation into replication DNA. However, mitomycin C had little inhibitory effect on the development of procoagulant activity, whereas thymidine incorporation was inhibited. The major procoagulant activity was associated with intact cells and not the conditioned supernatant. The removal of adherent mononuclear cells (mostly monocytes) by polystyrene bead columns abolished the procoagulant activity, whereas purification of mononuclear leukocyte populations for monocytes markedly increased the activity as compared to purified lymphocytes. The procoagulant activity was shown to act by the extrinsic limb of the coagulation sequence because of substitution factor VII-deficient plasma for normal plasma resulted in marked depression of procoagulant activity, whereas factor VIII-deficient plasma resulted in a clotting time only minimally longer then normal plasma. Thus, although procoagulant activity in cultures of mononuclear cells is stimulated by the mitogen reagent, these studies suggest that the activity may not be the result of the mitogenic effect on lymphocytes per se. Whether it is a direct effect of the mitogen on the adherent cell or is an effect of a contaminant of the mitogen reagent, such as endotoxin, remains to be determined.
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PMID:Procoagulant activity of human mononuclear leukocytes: dissociation of the effect of mitogens on procoagulant activity and mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. 720 67


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