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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Early ambulation is a recommended component of care for appropriately selected patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction, which is feasible, safe, and cost-effective. Benefits of this approach include the prevention of cardiovascular "deconditioning" and other complications of prolonged bed rest, the prevention or reduction of anxiety and depression, the enhancement of physical work capacity and of self-image and self-confidence at the time of hospital discharge, and the lessening of total disability as assessed at followup examination. Economic advantages to be derived are those of permitting a shorter hospitalization, a more effective hospital bed utilization, and an earlier and more complete return to work.
Cardiovasc Clin 1978
PMID:The physiologic basis for early ambulation after myocardial infarction. 36 Dec 32

The literature concerning postcardiotomy delirium contains confusing definitions and contradictory results. In a critical review of the subject, we conclude that cardiac status, the severity of physical illness, the complexity of the surgical procedure, and preoperative organic brain disease are the determining factors in postcardiotomy delirium. Preoperative anxiety, denial, and depression also have some correlation. Age, sex, time on bypass, and preoperative psychological profile seem to have no influence on outcome. No psychological etiology for delirium has been proven consistently. The therapeutic influence of preoperative interviews in preventing postoperative psychiatric complications remains equivocal as do theories implicating sensory deprivation in the intensive care unit. Long-term follow-up studies suggest that psychological problems impair functional recovery from heart surgery. The suggested treatment of patients with delirium includes chemotherapy, psychotherapy, and environmental support. Finally we suggest that investigation of biochemical abnormalities in delirium may prove to be a model for clarifying the role of neurotransmitters in functional psychiatric illnesses.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1979 Apr
PMID:Postcardiotomy delirium: a critical review. 37 Apr 60

In a prospective 6 month study of 204 patients requiring cardiac operations, five (2.5 percent) developed acute renal failure (ARF) and five (2.5 percent) had documented renal dysfunction (RD). Preoperative left ventricular dysfunction and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were important predictors of subsequent RD/ARF; CPB pressure per se was not. Physiological and clinical studies in 51 selected patients studied over an 18 month period documented the effectiveness of low flow, low pressure CPB in preserving postoperative renal function. Twenty-two patients with nonazotemic postoperative courses demonstrated moderate depression of cardiac function while the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was normal (98 +/- 30 ml./min/1.73 M.2) within 24 hours of operation. Seventeen high risk patients developed AFF (65 percent mortality rate) and 12 experienced severe RD without ARF (17 percent mortality). ARF (65 percent mortality rate) and 12 experienced severe RD without ARF (17 percent mortality). Eleven patients with ARF and 11 with RD were studied in the early postoperative period; at this time, all 22 patients demonstrated RD with equivalent severe depression of cardiac and renal function. Superposition of further hemodynamic or toxic insults upon ischemic kidneys was usually necessary for ARF to occur.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1979 Jun
PMID:Acute renal failure following cardiac surgery. 43 24

The effects of protamine on left ventricular (LV) function were measured under conditions of controlled heart rate and proximal aortic pressure in eight anaesthetized, heparinised dogs. Protamine 3 mg.kg-1 produced a 21% decrease in LV dP/dt max, a 43% decrease in cardiac output, a 47% decrease in stroke work and decreases in systolic and diastolic pressures (-16%, -19% respectively). Protamine 6 mg.kg-1 resulted in a 17% decrease in LV dP/dt max, a 26% decrease in cardiac output, a 50% decrease in LV stroke work and 25 and 30% decreases in systolic and diastolic pressures. These results show that an impairment of LV function plays an important part in the circulatory depression produced by protamine.
Cardiovasc Res 1979 May
PMID:Effects of heparin and protamine on left ventricular performance in the dog. 47 45

The effects of inotropic stimulation and increases in end-diastolic diameter, aortic pressure, left ventricular end diameter size, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate on maximum rate of change of left ventricular pressure (dP/dtmax) and diameter (dD/dtmax) were studied in eight dogs. Responses were studied in the normal conscious state, during myocardial depression due to high doses of pentobarbital or propranolol, and after bilateral cardiac sympathectomy. In all states studied, both dP/dtmax and dD/dtmax were substantially augmented by inotropic stimulation with isoprenaline and were less influenced by changes in end-diastolic diameter, mean arterial pressure and heart rate. It is concluded that both indices are highly sensitive to the contractile state of the left ventricle and relatively insensitive to haemodynamic alterations in both normal and depressed hearts.
Cardiovasc Res 1979 Nov
PMID:Reliability of the maximum derivatives of left ventricular pressure and internal diameter as indices of the inotropic state of the depressed myocardium. 51 68

The relationship between regional myocardial blood flow and the results of exercise tests were evaluated in 54 patients, 40 of whom had angiographically demonstrated coronary artery disease (CAD) and 14 had normal angiograms. After 20 patients had 2-step tests, 20 had bicycle ergometry, and 14 had treadmill tests, regional myocardial specific blood flow (RMBF) at rest was determined by selective injections of xenon-133 into the left coronary artery and quadrantic washout measured with an Anger camera. RMBF (ml/min/100 gm, mean +/- SE) was significantly lower in patients with coronary artery disease (72 +/- 3) than in normals (91 +/- 7, p less than .05) but RMBF in 12 CAD patients with negative exercise tests (75 +/- 6) was similar to regional myocardial blood flow in 28 coronary artery disease patients with positive exercise tests (71 +/- 4). Degree of ST depression did not influence results. Although measurement of RMBF and exercise testing are both useful procedures in the evaluation of patients with CAD, the data in the present study indicate the RMBF measurements at rest cannot predict the result of the postexercise ECG and vice versa.
Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1977
PMID:Comparison between regional myocardial blood flow measurements and results of exercise tests. 60 2

Stimulation of the intracerebral noradrenergic pathway causes a vasodilatation in the hypothalamus. We have investigated whether this vasodilatation is caused by a direct vascular innervation or whether it is secondary to an activation of hypothalamic neurons. Non-specific neuronal activation using glutamate increased the mean hypothalamic blood flow. Depression of neuronal activity using barbiturate reduced hypothalamic blood flow and blocked the glutamate and the intracerebral noradrenergic pathway-induced vasodilatation. These results suggest that stimulation of the intracerebral noradrenergic pathway increases hypothalamic neuronal activity which indirectly causes a vasodilatation.
Cardiovasc Res 1978 Jan
PMID:Vasodilator mechanism of the intracerebral (non-sympathetic) adrenergic pathway. 63 79

The effects of propranolol, a noncardioselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent, and practolol, a cardioselective agent, on left ventricular function were compared in an awake dog model at an equiblocking dose range. Both agents produced modest depression of inotropic state at rest, and during volume and phenylephrine loading. No significant differences between the two agents were detected.
Cardiovasc Res 1978 Feb
PMID:Effects of oral equiblocking doses of a cardioselective and noncardioselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent on left ventricular function in the normal conscious dog. 64 14

This study tests the hypothesis that the efficacy of cardioplegic solution depends upon its chemical constituents rather than on its temperature alone. A standard preparation of right heart bypass in the dog was utilized. Left ventricular function curves were inscribed before and after 1 hour of aortic cross-clamping. No deterioration in function was observed in nonischemic control hearts or in hearts protected with cardioplegic solution consisting of potassium chloride (25 mEq. per liter) and mannitol (12.5 Gm. per liter in 5 percent dextrose and 0.2 percent saline at either 4 degrees C or 28 degrees C. Severe myocardial depression was observed in hearts rendered ischemic for 1 hour at 28 degrees C. without protection and also in hearts perfused with 5 percent dextrose and 0.2 percent saline at 28 degrees C. without the potassium chloride and mannitol. The evidence from this study indicates that cardioplegic solution exerts a protective effect beyond that which is afforded by hypothermia.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1978 Sep
PMID:Effect of temperature of cardioplegic solution. 68 67

Previous studies have demonstrated that verapamil possess potent anti-arrhythmic effects. The present study has been designed to define the cardiovascular effects of this drug. Isolated tissue studies performed in rabbit right atrium demonstrated that prompt and prominent slowing of the sinus rate even at a dose of 1 X 10(-7) mol . litre-1. This dose produced significant decrease in action potential amplitude and phase 4 slope, shifted the 'threshold potential' to a less negative value, prolonged action potential duration but did not change maximum diastolic potential. At this dose of verapamil, sinoatrial conduction time prolonged significantly (control: 40.0 +/- 4.8 ms; 1 X 10(-7) mol . litre-1 verapamil: 50.0 +/- 6.4 ms). Purkinje fibre studies demonstrated decreases in dV/dt, resting potential, total amplitude, action potential duration at 75, 95% of recovery and effective refractory period only after exposure to greater than or equal to 1 X 10(-5) mol . litre-1 verapamil. Electrophysiological studies in conscious dogs demonstrated, after bolus administration of verapamil, progressive increases in the A-H interval and heart rate, but no changes in H-V and QRS intervals. Anaesthetised dog studies showed the lack of significant effect on A-H and H-V intervals or QRS duration regardless of the bolus dose of verapamil. However, verapamil produced statistically significant increases in heart rate after 0.025 mg . kg-1. Verapamil administration did not produce a statistically significant change in escape pacemaker rate in vagal stimulation experiments or with spontaneously beating isolated Purkinje fibres. Finally, the effect of increasing intravenous bolus does of verapamil on ischaemic arrhythmias was studied in five conscious dogs 24 h following LAD ligation. Only one dog with ventricular tachycardia and another dog with junctional escape rhythm were converted to sinus rhythm after the 0.05 mg . kg-1 and 0.2 mg . kg-1 doses, respectively. In conclusion, these studies demonstrated that administration of verapamil specifically depresses tissue with electrophysiological dependence on slow channel current. Therefore, sinus and A-V nodal events would be suppressed and slow-channel mediated events in ischaemic ventricle also would be inhibited. Clinically, acute administration of verapamil would lead to depression of sinus and A-V nodal function as well as potentially eliminate slow current mechanisms in ischaemic arrhythmias.
Cardiovasc Res 1978 Oct
PMID:Electrophysiological effects of verapamil. 74 94


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