Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Objective: Magnesium sulfate is the most commonly used agent for tocolysis in the management of preterm labor. Anecdotally both clinicians and patients have noted alterations in mental status of women receiving high doses of magnesium infusion, and central nervous system depression including lethargy and depression of deep tendon reflexes has been documented. Our hypothesis is that intravenous magnesium sulfate at tocolytic doses significantly affects maternal mental status.Materials and Methods: Eligibility criteria included admission or transport to University Hospital between 25 and 34 weeks gestation with an initial episode of spontaneous premature labor. Patients were consented and given an initial mental status examination prior to magnesium sulfate infusion. Those patients transported to University Hospital diagnosed with premature labor and already on magnesium were consented and given an initial mental status examination at the time of arrival. Once a therapeutic level of magnesium was documented a repeat mental status examination was performed, with a third examination performed 24 hours after the magnesium infusion has been discontinued. As a control group pregnant women hospitalized for premature rupture of the membranes not in labor had the examinations performed initially, after 24 hours of hospitalization, and again after 72 hours of hospitalization. Exclusion criteria included underlying mental illness, administration of other medications that might affect mental status, cervical dilation greater than 4 cm, clinical evidence of chorioamnionitis, or the presence of any significant abnormalities in the fetal heart rate tracing. The mental status examination consisted of the mini mental state exam, the comprehension portion of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, and the Bender-Gestalt Indicator. The results of these examinations were scored in a blinded fashion by a psychiatrist.Results: There were 22 patients in the study group and 9 patients in the control group. There were no differences in the age, gravidity, parity, or gestational age of the two groups. Out of a possible 102 points, the mean mental status scores were as follows:The mean serum magnesium level at the time of therapy was 5.1 mg/dL. The time required for response to the Wechsler test was significantly different although the scoring of the comprehension was unchanged (15.2 +/- 3.6 min vs 22.3 +/- 4.7 min, P <.05).Conclusions: This prospective blinded study reveals no differences in maternal mental status during magnesium sulfate infusion at the levels recorded in our study. There was an increase in the length of time required to answer the comprehension and judgment portion of the examination. These findings have significant clinical implications suggesting that patients on magnesium sulfate can make appropriate judgments and can, therefore, participate in clinical discussions and trials.
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PMID:Effects of magnesium sulfate tocolysis on maternal mental status. 1083 36

In this study, the interference effects of Al3+, Mg2+, Cl- and SO4(2-) ions on the determination of manganese by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) were investigated. At first, the interferences caused by Al2(SO4)3, AlCl3, MgCl2 and MgSO4, which are the most possible major compounds for the combinations of the ions mixed, were individually considered. Then, the effects caused by mixtures containing various amounts of MgSO4 and AlCl3 were studied. If the pyrolysis temperature is below 800 degrees C, AlCl3 changes the vaporization mechanism of manganese. These interferences disappear at higher pyrolysis temperatures. At the same time, aluminum salts may cause the formation of refractory compounds between aluminum and manganese (like spinel MnAl2O4) that shift the absorption signals of manganese to higher temperatures. Magnesium sulfate, by itself, does not cause any depression of manganese signals. In fact, it acts as a modifier, preventing volatilization losses of manganese during the pyrolysis step. A conclusion was reached that detailed investigation of the interferences in a complex media is a very difficult experimental and theoretical task. To solve practical problems, one may better follow the general notions developed in GFAAS toward complex matrices.
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PMID:The interference effect of a mixture of magnesium, aluminium, sulfate and chloride on the atomization and vaporization of manganese in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. 1511 71

There is concern regarding the interaction of magnesium sulfate and nifedipine used concomitantly in obstetrical patients, because both are calcium channel antagonists and may induce myocardial depression as well as peripheral vasodilatation. The objective of this study was to determine the hemodynamic consequences of concomitant administration of nifedipine and magnesium sulfate in anesthetized pigs. Twelve pigs were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, intubated mechanically ventilated. Following placement of invasive monitors, baseline hemodynamic measurements were made. Animals were randomized to one of two groups. Group I received nifedipine first, and then magnesium sulfate. Group II received magnesium sulfate first, and then nifedipine. Hemodynamic measurements were recorded. Hypotension was treated with calcium chloride, ephedrine and phenylephrine. Nifedipine alone (Group I) decreased peripheral vascular resistance and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (P<0.05). Magnesium sulfate alone in group II decreased the first derivative of left ventricular pressure (LVdP/dt) and increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) (P<0.05). Magnesium sulfate also decreased peripheral vascular resistance and MAP The concomitant administration of nifedipine and magnesium sulfate in both groups I and 11 led to a further decrease in myocardial contractility, as evidenced by a decrease in LVdP/dt and increase in LVEDP (P<0.05). Treatment with calcium chloride or ephedrine was only partially successful in improving myocardial contractility. Phenylephrine increased peripheral vascular resistance and MAP, but did not improve myocardial function. In conclusion, the depressive effects of nifedipine and magnesium sulfate on the cardiovascular system are potentiated when administered concomitantly.
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PMID:Cardiovascular consequences of the concomitant administration of nifedipine and magnesium sulfate in pigs. 1532 Nov 65

The 'Salada de Chiprana' (Chiprana Lake) is a hypersaline (30-73 per thousand), permanent and shallow lake of endorheic origin in a semi-arid region of the Ebro depression (Aragon, Spain). Magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride represent the main salts of this athalassohaline environment. Anoxic conditions occurred periodically in the bottom layers of the lake during the study period. When stratified, high sulfide concentrations (up to 7 mM) were measured in the hypolimnion. Physical and chemical conditions gave rise to the development of very dense green sulfur bacteria blooms (10.7 mg l(-1) of BChl c and 16.7 mg l(-1) of BChl d) at 0.5-1 m from the bottom. Microscopic observations revealed that cells morphologically similar to Chlorobium vibrioforme were dominant in the phototrophic bacterial community, but Prosthecochloris aestuarii was also found sometimes at lower concentrations, as revealed by both microscopic observation and flow cytometric analyses. Deep agar dilution series allowed to obtain several axenic cultures of phototrophic bacteria. They were identified according to their morphology, pigment composition and phylogenetic relationships (16S rDNA sequence analysis). Two of the sequenced strains (CHP3401 and CHP3402) belonged to the green sulfur bacteria and were related to Prosthecochloris aestuarii SK413(T) and Chlorobium vibrioforme DSM260(T), respectively. HPLC analyses of both natural samples and Chlorobium vibrioforme isolates indicated that these strains contained both BChl c and BChl d. Phylogenetic results suggested that Chlorobium vibrioforme strains DSM260(T) and CHP3402, all sequenced strains of Prosthecochloris aestuarii and strain CIB2401 constitute a separate cluster of green sulfur bacteria, all of them isolated from marine to hypersaline habitats.
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PMID:Green sulfur bacteria from hypersaline Chiprana Lake (Monegros, Spain): habitat description and phylogenetic relationship of isolated strains. 1622 10

In our country, tricyclic antidepressants are usually present in most of the homes. Myocardial depression and ventricular arrhythmia are the severe side effects in tricyclic antidepressant overdose. A 4-year-old boy was brought to our hospital after taking 70 mg/kg of amitriptyline. On arrival, the patient was comatose (Glasgow Coma Score was 3), had a shallow breathing pattern with bradycardia (HR <30/min), and hypotension. He was intubated and resuscitated with multiple doses of adrenaline and sodium bicarbonate. He was infused with a bolus of 20 mg/kg of normal saline for hypotension. After 30 minutes, ventricular fibrillation was detected. Lidocaine and bicarbonate were not effective in converting the rhythm to normal, therefore, synchronized cardioversion was used. After cardioversion, the rhythm converted to ventricular tachycardia. Because ventricular tachycardia did not resolve, we administered a load of less than 2 g of magnesium sulfate for 30 minutes followed by a continuous infusion of 3 mg/min. After magnesium sulfate infusion, a normal cardiac rhythm was achieved. Magnesium sulfate is a very effective treatment in intractable arrhythmias caused by high-dose amitriptyline intoxication.
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PMID:Efficacy of magnesium sulfate for treatment of ventricular tachycardia in amitriptyline intoxication. 1834 5

Carbon monoxide (CO), a toxic gas produced via incomplete fossil fuel combustion, has several poisonous effects in the heart including induction of necrosis, apoptosis, and electrocardiogram (ECG) changes. Magnesium sulfate (MS) is a drug with cardioprotective effects especially when used after ischemia/reperfusion. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate MS cardioprotective effects following CO poisoning. Animals were exposed to CO 3000 ppm for 1 h and immediately after the exposure period and on the next 4 days (a total of 5 consecutive doses given on a daily basis), MS (75, 150 and 300 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) and ECG was recorded focusing on ST-segment, T-wave, and Q-pathologic wave changes. On day 5, animals were sacrificed and their heart was excised for determination of BAX, BCL2 and Akt expression level using western blot analysis and necrosis investigations. The results showed that MS significantly decreased necrosis and BAX/BCL2 ratio (P < 0.001) while pro-survival protein Akt was significantly increased (P < 0.001). Moreover, CO-induced ST-segment depression, T-wave inversion, and atrioventricular block (AV-block) were decreased following treatment with MS. In conclusion, our results showed that MS could decrease cardiac deleterious effects of CO poisoning including necrosis and apoptosis while increased the expression of Akt, as a cell survival protein.
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PMID:Magnesium sulfate protects the heart against carbon monoxide-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. 2938 13