Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Research was conducted upon 28 patients with a diagnosis of endogenous depression after their pharmacological treatment with imipramine or chlorimipramine. The investigation considered the interrelationship between psychophysiological parameters (heart rate, respiration rhythm, postural muscular tension) and the indices of the cholinergic and adrenergic systems (kinetic parameters of choline transport in the blood; Vmax, the activity of plasmic pseudocholinesterase, Che; blood acetylcholinesterase AChE, monoaminoxidase in blood platelets, MAO; and dopamine beta hydroxylase DBH). The results indicate that during relapse of endogenous depression there occurs an imbalance in the cholinergic-adrenergic systems which may be the result of some somatic symptoms typically found in the depression syndrome. The appearance, after pharmacotherapy, of a correlation between the indices of the activity of the cholinergic system with the respiratory rhythm suggest that the part played by the cholinergic mechanism in the regulation of autonomic processes normalizes itself during the course of successful therapy. The appearance of characteristic correlations between the activity of the cholinergic and adrenergic systems and the psychophysiological parameters in the presence of relatively low psychological stress seems to accompany successful treatment with imipramine and chlorimipramine.
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PMID:[Psychophysiological characteristics and metabolic indices of neurotransmitter metabolism in patients ill with endogenous depression]. 130 98

Antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, the rate-limiting enzyme in norepinephrine synthesis) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH, the last enzyme in the synthesis) were used for immunohistochemical staining of human brain locus coeruleus sections, obtained postmortem from suicide victims and matched controls. Stain density over individual cells was quantified by a computerized, video-camera-based image analysis system. Mean stain density for TH was significantly lower (by about 30%) in the locus coeruleus of suicide victims. There was no difference between suicides and controls in DBH immunoreactivity or in the number of TH immunoreactive cells. Reduced TH availability, either genetically or environmentally determined, may contribute to the noradrenergic insufficiency postulated to occur in depression and the increased beta-adrenergic receptor concentrations observed in prefrontal cortex of suicide victims.
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PMID:Reduced tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in locus coeruleus of suicide victims. 134 45

Intragastric administration of acute doses of Technical X-factor (beta-isomer free BHC, a byproduct obtained during separation of Lindane from Tech. BHC) carried in peanut oil elicited typical signs of central nervous system depression in adult rats. The computed oral LD50 values of X-factor were 4174 and 5673 mg/kg. body weight for male and female rats respectively indicating that its acute toxicity was of relatively low order compared to Tech. BHC. It is suggested that the low acute mammalian toxicity of X-factor could possibly be due to a direct antagonism of the delta isomer (present in larger proportion in X-factor) with the gamma isomer.
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PMID:Mammalian toxicity of Technical X-factor I. An acute oral study. 617 73

The utilization of (2-14C)orotic acid for the synthesis of cytidine components of the acid-soluble extract and for the RNA cytosine is decreased in the liver of rats which fasted for 24 or 72 h. The depression of the specific activity of the cytidine components is greater in animals which received alpha-HCH during the 24-hour interval after removal of food than in the control group; by contrast, the specific activity of the cytidine components again increases in rats fasting for 72 h. Analogous changes also occurred in the specific activity of RNA cytosine. Both the (U-14C)cytidine uptake and its utilization for the synthesis of RNA cytosine are enhanced in fasting rats; the administration of alpha-HCH has a potentiating effect. The total content of cytidine components of the acidsoluble extract of 1 g of liver tissue is enhanced 24 h after the animals of the control and experimental group were deprived of food. There are no marked differences in the concentration of the uridine components. Fasting has an additive effect on the increase of cytochrome P-450 level in the alpha-HCH treated rats. Alpha-HCH = alpha-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane.
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PMID:Effect of fasting on the metabolism of cytidine nucleotides in the liver of intact and alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane-treated rats. 620 37

The effects of chemotherapy with either Chap-5 (a drug regimen consisting of adriamycin, cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II), hexamethylmelamine and cyclophosphamide) or Hexa CAF (a drug regimen consisting of methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, hexamethylmelamine and cyclophosphamide) on the immunocompetence of 22 patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma were studied. Both primary and secondary humoral and cellular immune responses in vivo were studied. In addition, the numbers of granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes in peripheral blood were determined, as well as the levels of immunoglobulins and complement proteins. Furthermore, the proliferative capacity of lymphocytes, cytotoxic T-cell function, and K- and NK-cell activities were measured. The results indicate a depression of the primary humoral immune response in vivo in patients receiving Chap-5. Furthermore, a decrease of several parameters in vitro was observed. However, these alterations were only moderate and rapidly reversible.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy and immune capacity in advanced ovarian carcinoma. 642 Jan 61

Neurotoxic effect of some dithiocarbamate- and thiuram-disulphide-type chemicals as well as CS2 were examined on rat brain and behaviour. A significant reduction of the orientation hypermotility and at the same time a depression of the subcortical EEG activity were observed. The biochemical assay showed a decreased re-formation of norepinephrine. It is suggested that the inhibition of DBH enzyme may be involved in the delayed psychosedative effect, but not in the short-term electrophysiological changes.
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PMID:Effect of dithiocarbamate-type chemicals on the nervous system of rats. 695 91

Km and V of serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and platelet monoamine-oxidase (MAO) were determined in the depressive and manic state as well as after recovery in patients with affective psychoses and in the depressive state of patients with neurotic depression. DBH and MAO values were measured also in age- and sex-matched controls. The Km and V values of each enzyme failed to differ between patients and healthy controls or between patients during and after an episode of illness. The ratio of V of serum DBH (tyramine as substrate) tended to be lower in patients independent of their psychopathological state than in controls. The findings fail to support the notion that characteristics of the peripheral enzymes measured provides a reliable indicator of a biological disposition to depression, but are consistent with the notion that the balance of monoamine may play a role in certain psychopathological states.
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PMID:Serum DBH and platelet MAO in patients with depressive disorders. 724 43

Anxiety, a common accompaniment of depression, can be a source of confusion in affective disorder research. The present study examined the effect of anxiety on platelet monoamine oxidase, RBC catechol-0-methyltransferase, and serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-enzymes frequently implicated in affective disorders. Levels of anxiety, plasma catecholamines and the enzymes mentioned above were quantified in groups of anxious subjects and mentally and physically healthy controls. Anxious subjects were found to have significantly higher levels of blood plasma catecholamines and platelet monoamine oxidase. significant positive correlations were demonstrated between plasma catecholamines and platelet monoamine oxidase, while significant inverse correlations were found between trait anxiety and COMT, norepinephrine and DBH, and COMT and DBH
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PMID:MAO, DBH and COMT: the effect of anxiety. 744 May 22

Effects of lindane (gamma-benzenehexachloride; gamma-BHC) on GABA-evoked Cl- current (IGABA) in freshly dissociated frog sensory (dorsal root ganglion) neurons were studied and compared with those of tert-butylbicycloortho benzoate (TBOB) and picrotoxin by the use of the suction-pipette method [13]. Drugs were applied with a rapid drug-application method, "Concentration-clamp" technique. At concentration of GABA of > 3 x 10(-6) M, at least two components of the IGABA were recognized distinct degree of desensitization. Those were defined as the peak and plateau components in the text. At low concentration (3 x 10(-7) M) of gamma-BHC, only the plateau component of IGABA at 10(-5) M were depressed without changing the peak amplitude. While gamma-BHC at high concentration (3 x 10(-5) M) depressed both the peak and plateau current components. The gamma-BHC-induced depression of IGABA seemed to be IGABA-component-dependent. A detailed analysis of the gamma-BHC action in the concentration-response relationship for GABA revealed that the IGABA with strong desensitization was preferentially blocked by gamma-BHC (3 x 10(-5) M). The rate of recovery of the IGABA from gamma-BHC-induced block depended on the concentration of GABA. The lower the concentration of GABA, the slower the recovery. The GABAA receptor Cl- channels were proposed to be classified into two types of the gamma-BHC-sensitive and -resistant ones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of lindane (gamma-BHC) and related convulsants on GABAA receptor-operated chloride channels in frog dorsal root ganglion neurons. 751 33

Biosynthesis and metabolism of serotonin and catecholamines involve at least eight individual enzymes that are mainly expressed in tissues derived from the neuroectoderm, e.g., the central nervous system (CNS), pineal gland, adrenal medulla, enterochromaffin tissue, sympathetic nerves, and ganglia. Some of the enzymes appear to have additional biological functions and are also expressed in the heart and various other internal organs. The biosynthetic enzymes are tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), tryptophan hydroxylases type 1 and 2 (TPH1, TPH2), aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH), and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), and the specific catabolic enzymes are monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT). For the TH, DDC, DBH, and MAOA genes, many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with unknown function, and small but increasing numbers of cases with autosomal recessive mutations have been recognized. For the remaining genes (TPH1, TPH2, PNMT, and COMT) several different genetic markers have been suggested to be associated with regulation of mood, pain perception, and aggression, as well as psychiatric disturbances such as schizophrenia, depression, suicidality, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The genetic markers may either have a functional role of their own, or be closely linked to other unknown functional variants. In the future, molecular testing may become important for the diagnosis of such conditions. Here we present an overview on mutations and polymorphisms in the group of genes encoding monoamine neurotransmitter metabolizing enzymes. At the same time we propose a unified nomenclature for the nucleic acid aberrations in these genes. New variations or details on mutations will be updated in the Pediatric Neurotransmitter Disorder Data Base (PNDDB) database (www.bioPKU.org).
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PMID:Mutations in human monoamine-related neurotransmitter pathway genes. 1844 57


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