Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An overall analysis was made of 4763 case report forms from 45 anesthesiologists who used etomidate (Hypnomidate) routinely as an induction hypnotic in a total of 4127 surgical cases or compared it to thiopental in a series of controlled studies (325 on etomidate, 311 on thiopental). Premedication was standardized only in the controlled studies, and there were no restrictions on the use of anesthetic agents or techniques. Etomidate proved to be a safe and effective induction hypnotic. Sleep was deep and long enough to allow the normal induction and maintenance procedures. Blood pressure and heart rate remained remarkably stable in the 3 study groups. The incidence of respiratory depression was higher for thiopental; anesthesiologists' acceptance of etomidate was, however, reduced by the occurrence of venous pain during injection and of associated involuntary muscle movements. It is expected that these adverse effects will be largely eliminated by using the recently introduced new formulation of etomidate shortly after fentanyl.
 ...
PMID:Multinational evaluation of etomidate for anesthesia induction. Conclusions and consequences. 63 92

Anaesthesia for elective direct current cardioversion (DCC) was induced with propofol (Diprivan) 1.2 mg/kg in 28 patients and with 0.2 mg/kg etomidate (Hypnomidate) in 20 patients. These mostly high risk patients (NYHA class II to III) were successfully treated with defibrillation. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before and after induction and at 2 minutes intervals up to 20 minutes after DCC. Both anaesthetic agents caused mild hypotension. Heart rate did not change significantly after induction but fell significantly after DCC from the mean value of 124 +/- 26 bpm and 122 +/- 37 bpm to 94 +/- 19 bpm and to 91 +/- 19 bpm in propofol and etomidate treated patients respectively. Four patients became apnoeic necessitating assisted ventilation for approximately four minutes. All propofol treated patients had rapid recovery times and opened eyes on command within 5.6 +/- 1.9 minutes after induction, and were fully orientated about 4 minutes later also. Complete amnesia was observed in all patients in this group. In contrast etomidate induced anaesthesia did not cause respiratory depression, but the recovery time was longer. Four patients of this group complained of recall of DCC. In 7 patients due to involuntary movements or myoclonus, after induction with etomidate reliable EKG monitoring appeared to be difficult.
 ...
PMID:[Anesthesia for cardioversion. A comparison of propofol and etomidate]. 220 24

Etomidate (Hypnomidate; Ethnor) in an alcoholic solution was used as the hypnotic component of a technique of total intravenous anaesthesia in an open pilot evaluation in 50 patients undergoing surgery. No anaesthetic gases were used. Despite cardiovascular stability, lack of respiratory depression and a short awakening time, unwanted movements by the patients made total intravenous anaesthesia with this technique unsatisfactory.
 ...
PMID:Hypnosis with etomidate during total intravenous anaesthesia. 700 71