Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We performed a battery of tests on peripheral blood samples from 94 patients with lung cancer to determine the extent to which immunological depression was due to abnormal lymphocyte function, as compared to changes in the number of lymphoid cells in the peripheral blood or in the efficiency of purification of cells in Ficoll-Hypaque gradients in preparation for testing. The percentage of lymphocytes in the gradient-derived cell suspension (%LG) was the most informative test. It decreased significantly with advancing stage of cancer and could predict survival of patients with uniform stage. The %LG correlated with survival better than any other test when multivariate analyses of all test combinations were performed. Low values of %LG reflected both the depressed lymphocyte counts and the altered buoyant density of the leucocytes of many patients with advanced cancer. A large proportion of the depression in other immune function tests was statistically attributed to changes in %LG. We concluded that this simple measurement provides valuable information about patients with lung cancer.
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PMID:Prognostic significance of immunological tests in lung cancer. 702 61

The role of mononuclear cells in generating procoagulant activity was examined by incubating Ficoll-Hypaque-separated mononuclear leukocytes with or without mitogens (phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and concanavalin A). The procoagulant activity was assayed by a modification of a one-stage plasma recalcification time. Significant procoagulant activity developed after 24 hr incubation and was dose dependent; mitogens alone had no effect on the clotting time. The increase in activity was paralleled by the increase in tritiated thymidine incorporation into replication DNA. However, mitomycin C had little inhibitory effect on the development of procoagulant activity, whereas thymidine incorporation was inhibited. The major procoagulant activity was associated with intact cells and not the conditioned supernatant. The removal of adherent mononuclear cells (mostly monocytes) by polystyrene bead columns abolished the procoagulant activity, whereas purification of mononuclear leukocyte populations for monocytes markedly increased the activity as compared to purified lymphocytes. The procoagulant activity was shown to act by the extrinsic limb of the coagulation sequence because of substitution factor VII-deficient plasma for normal plasma resulted in marked depression of procoagulant activity, whereas factor VIII-deficient plasma resulted in a clotting time only minimally longer then normal plasma. Thus, although procoagulant activity in cultures of mononuclear cells is stimulated by the mitogen reagent, these studies suggest that the activity may not be the result of the mitogenic effect on lymphocytes per se. Whether it is a direct effect of the mitogen on the adherent cell or is an effect of a contaminant of the mitogen reagent, such as endotoxin, remains to be determined.
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PMID:Procoagulant activity of human mononuclear leukocytes: dissociation of the effect of mitogens on procoagulant activity and mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. 720 67

1. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system which has been implicated in the aetiology and pathogenesis of affective disorders. The serononergic system also plays several roles in the immune system through the expression of a number of its receptor subtypes in the immune cells. 2. Following release serotonin is inactivated by reuptake into neurons and other cells by a specific serotonin sodium and chloride-dependent transporter molecule, whose structure has been elucidated. 3. Measurement [3H]paroxetine binding showed that human lymphocytes contain a high-affinity serotonin transporter. 4. To assess the serotonin function in major depression, we investigated serotonin transporter density in blood lymphocytes from patients with this disorder and selected according to the interview of the American Psychiatric Association. 5. Patients were divided into two groups and treated with two different antidepressant drugs, one group receiving fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and another mirtazapine, an antagonist of alpha2-adrenergic auto and heteroreceptors, for a period of 6 weeks. 6. Blood samples were obtained before and after the treatment, lymphocytes were isolated by Ficoll/Hypaque gradient, subjected to differential adhesion to plastic, and cell membranes were prepared for binding assay of [3H]paroxetine. 7. Lymphocytes serotonin transporter number was significantly reduced, while the affinity was unchanged, in patients with major depression disorder as compare to controls. 8. In addition, there was a partial recovery in lymphocytes serotonin (5HT) transporter number in the period posterior to the antidepressants administration, accompanied with clinical and depression rating scales improvement. Serotonin was determined in platelet-poor plasma and in lymphocytes before and after drugs administration, showing a significant decrease in the patients treated compared to untreated and controls. 9. These results are evidence of the potential interaction between the nervous and immune systems. The mechanisms underlying this interaction are under study, and might be related to modifications in the expression or function of the serotonin transporters in lymphocytes of depressed patients.
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PMID:Serotonin transporter modulation in blood lymphocytes from patients with major depression. 1258 96

There are increasing evidences of cell markers present in the immune and the nervous systems. These include neurotransmitter receptors and transporters. Serotonin receptor subtypes are related to depression and also have been shown to be present in certain cells of the immune system. In the present report, we determined the presence of 5-HT(1A) receptors by the binding of the selective agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propyl-amino)tetralin in lymphocytes of peripheral blood isolated by Ficoll/Hypaque gradients from controls and depressed patients. The capacity of these receptors was around 24 fmol/10(6) cells in both groups of subjects, without significant difference among them. The affinity was in the nM range and either differ between controls and patients. Serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid were determined by HPLC with electrochemical detector. There were no significant differences between controls and major depression patients in the values obtained for rich and poor platelet plasma or in the isolated cells. However, there was a reduction in serotonin turnover rate indicated by an increase in the ratio serotonin/5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, but not in that of dopamine, in lymphocytes of major depression patients. Thus, there is a serotonergic dysfunction in immune circulating cells of major depression patients, without changes in the number of 5-HT(1A) receptors, although the coupling of these receptors to transduction mechanisms could be affected and may be related to the alteration of 5-HT turnover rate.
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PMID:Serotonin, serotonin 5-HT(1A) receptors and dopamine in blood peripheral lymphocytes of major depression patients. 1289 Apr 32

cAMP regulates immune responses, and modifications in cAMP signaling are involved in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. In the present report, basal and forskolin-stimulated levels of cAMP were determined in mononuclear cells and lymphocytes from control individuals and major depression patients. Twenty-eight patients between 24 and 59 years old were diagnosed for a major depression episode according to the criteria of the Structural Clinical Interview for Disorders of Axis I of the American Psychiatric Association. These patients presented a score of 25 for severity as measured by Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression (HAM-D), and 23 for Beck Inventory of Depression (BID). Control and patient mononuclear cells were isolated by Ficoll/Hypaque gradients and their lymphocytes were separated from the total mononuclear population by differential adhesion to plastic surface. The basal concentration of cAMP was 50% lower in mononuclear cells and lymphocytes from the depressed patients compared with the control subjects. The response to forskolin was significantly smaller in lymphocytes of major depression patients than in the controls, but no difference was evident in the mononuclear cell preparations. There was a significant increase in cAMP produced by 5HT in mononuclear cells from the control group, but not in their lymphocytes. This effect on mononuclear cells was reduced by the antagonist of 5HT1A receptors, WAY-100,135. However, the simultaneous addition of a specific agonist of 5HT1A receptors, 8-hydroxy-(dipropylamino)tetralin (DPAT) and WAY-100,135 resulted in higher levels of cAMP than with the agonist alone. This effect probably indicates the blockade of 5HT1A receptors and action of 5HT1A agonist on the other subtypes of serotonin receptors expressed on human lymphocytes. This response was not observed in the patient's lymphocytes. In lymphocytes from major depression patients, serotonin and 8-hydroxy-(dipropylamino)tetralin significantly increased cAmp levels, which was slightly reduced by WAY-100,135. The present report indicates: (1) differential responses of immune cells from control individuals and depressed patients, with lower apparent adenylate cyclase activity in patient's cells; (2) variation in the population of cells, with responses to serotonergic agonists being lower in mononuclear cells and higher in lymphocytes from major depression patients; (3) increases of cAMP levels by serotonin and 5HT1A agonist in the patient's cells; and (4) evidence of impairment in serotonergic transduction systems in immune cells during depression.
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PMID:Differential cAMP levels and serotonin effects in blood peripheral mononuclear cells and lymphocytes from major depression patients. 1527 25

Lymphocytes possess transporters of serotonin and dopamine, and also contain monoamines. The objective of this work was to determine the presence of noradrenaline transporters, the turnover rate of noradrenaline and serotonin in lymphocytes of major depression patients, and to correlate the biochemical parameters with the severity of the disorder. Lymphocytes from peripheral blood were isolated by Ficoll/Hypaque, and noradrenaline transporter was studied by binding of [3H]nisoxetine: control group (29, age 31.52+/-1.08, 7 men) and major depression patients (35, age 36.68+/-1.69, 6 men), Hospital Vargas de Caracas. Diagnostic was done by criteria of the American Psychiatric Association and severity by Hamilton Scale for Depression. Levels of noradrenaline, serotonin, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were determined by HPLC. Turnover rate was evaluated by the ratios of monoamines and metabolites. Correlations were done between the biochemical parameters and the severity of depression. The score of Hamilton for Depression was 22.77+/-0.51. There was a reduction in the number of transporters in lymphocytes of patients, 0.95+/-0.27 versus 4.06+/-1.67 fmol/10(6) cells. Levels of monoamines and metabolites did not significantly differ between patients and controls. However, there was a higher monoamine/metabolite ratio in lymphocytes of patients, indicating a reduction of metabolic turnover rate. Also there was a relative greater concentration of noradrenaline than serotonin in the lymphocytes of the patients, as indicated by the ratio noradrenaline/serotonin. Noradrenergic and serotonergic turnover is decreased in blood peripheral lymphocytes of major depression patients; the reduction in noradrenaline transporter could be related to changes in intracellular levels, and these modifications could result in functional changes of the immune system.
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PMID:Noradrenaline transporter and its turnover rate are decreased in blood lymphocytes of patients with major depression. 1624 84

Serotonin receptors are present in lymphocytes and might be related to the functionality of these cells in health and in pathology. The serotonergic system is affected in the brain and in peripheral immune cells of depressed patients. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the basal proliferation of lymphocytes, the response to the mitogen concanavalin A, and the role of serotonin 5-HT(1A) receptors. Twenty-nine patients, 19-52 years old, were diagnosed for a major depression episode with the Statistical and Diagnostic Manual-IV of the American Psychiatric Association, approved by ethic committees and gave written consent. The Hamilton depression score was 30.60 +/- 2.65. An apparently healthy group without a family history of psychiatric illness was included. Blood peripheral lymphocytes were isolated by density gradients with Ficoll/Hypaque and differential adhesion to plastic, cultured in 96-well plaques with RPMI-1640 medium with or without 4 mug/ml of concanavalin A. 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (5-40 nM) and WAY-100,478 (0.1-100 microM), agonist and antagonist of 5-HT(1A) receptors, serotonin (12.5-100 nM) or imipramine (0.1-100 microM) were also added. Proliferation was evaluated at 72 h with 3-[4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, and the optical density was 570 nm. Basal proliferation was three times higher in depressed patients than in controls, whereas no response to mitogen was obtained, and 5-HT(1A) receptors significantly reacted to the agonist, with increases of about 31-54% at 10, 20 and 40 nM of the specific agonist, indicating initial activation probably in relation to autoimmunity and overreactivity of these receptors in depression. The antagonist reduced proliferation in mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes, 50% in controls and 70% in depressed patients, with a differential concentration dependency; probably, these receptors are more sensitive in depression due to increased 5-HT(1A) receptor transduction. The antagonist also reduced the stimulation produced by the 5-HT(1A) agonist. Imipramine caused biphasic effects according to concentrations, showing a possible dual role for serotonin, although all values were significantly higher in depressed subjects. The described alterations might be of relevance in the pathophysiology of depression.
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PMID:Serotonin, 5-HT1A serotonin receptors and proliferation of lymphocytes in major depression patients. 1770 35

Modifications of lymphocyte serotonergic system have been described in major depression. The aim of this study was to determine new possible changes of this system in depression. Twenty eight patients, free of drugs, diagnosed with major depression disorder by Structured Clinical Interview for Disorders of Axis I, without medical illnesses, written consent, approved by Ethical Committees were included. Controls were 30 healthy subjects without family history of psychiatric disease. Blood monocytes were isolated with Ficoll/Hypaque, and lymphocytes by differential adhesion to plastic. Serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid determined by HPLC. Monocytes had higher serotonin concentrations than lymphocytes, and serotonin/5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid was lower in patients. Basal proliferation was elevated in depressed and not increased by Concanavalin A. Fluoxetine reduced basal proliferation more efficiently in patients, indicating activation of lymphocytes in depression. The number of cells expressing serotonin transporter was reduced in depressed. There were no differences in CD4+ (approximately 50%) or CD8+ (approximately 25%) lymphocytes between the groups, although CD8+ were lower in depressed, and greater number of them co-localized serotonin transporter than CD4+, which could be crucial for function in relation to serotonin and its receptors in immune cells. Lymphocytes were activated in this group of patients and fluoxetine reduced proliferation, probably being relevant for the psychopharmacological treatment of depression.
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PMID:Serotonin transporter is differentially localized in subpopulations of lymphocytes of major depression patients. Effect of fluoxetine on proliferation. 1846 11

The taurine transporter and taurine are present in lymphocytes, where taurine functions as an antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory agent. Taurine levels are elevated in lymphocytes of subjects with major depression, but returns to control levels after treatment with the antidepressant mirtazapine. Patients (40) were diagnosed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV of the American Psychiatric Association, and the severity of their condition was determined by the Hamilton Scale of Depression. One group of patients was treated with venlafaxine and the other with venlafaxine plus Neuro-Linguistic Programming. Lymphocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood by Ficoll/Hypaque. The coexistence of the taurine transporter with a subpopulation of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes was measured by immunofluorescence. The levels of the pro-inflammatory, IL-2, and the anti-inflammatory, IL-4, cytokines were determined by ELISA while plasma amino acid levels were determined by HPLC. The percentage of CD4+ cells significantly decreased after both treatments, whereas the levels of CD8+ cells remained unchanged. The taurine transporter of CD4+ and CD8+ cells decreased after integrate treatment. No differences were found in the levels of IL-2 while IL-4 levels increased after integrate treatment. The observed effects of treatment on the taurine transporter and IL-4 content might modify lymphocyte activity during depression.
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PMID:Taurine transporter in lymphocytes of patients with major depression treated with venlafaxine plus psychotherapy. 1923 52


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