Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Injections of contrast material (Hypaque M-75%) and normal saline into the left ventricle (LV) of 1- to 3-month-old conscious lambs, during continuous monitoring of LV internal dimensions and pressures, revealed instaneous increases in LV end diastolic and end systolic volumes and LV end diastolic pressure. After contrast material, these alterations were sustained. Contrast injections were also accompanied by a mild depression in LV contractile state (dp/dt/P), systemic vasodilatation and persistent augmentation of cardiac output. The immediate effects on LV dimensions are primarily a consequence of acute volume expansion of the LV by the injection while the sustained changes likely reflect an expanded intravascular volume.
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PMID:Effects of contrast material on dimensions and hemodynamics of the newborn heart: a study in conscious newborn lambs. 14 18

In forty patients with normal coronary arteries, the electrocardiographic changes secondary to Urografin 76 and Hypaque 85 injection into both coronary arteries were monitored. Hypaque caused significantly greater prolongation of the PR interval (p less than 0.001), depression of the ST segment (p less than 0.05) and depth of T wave inversion (p less than 0.05). These effects were more noticeable during right coronary artery injection. Both contrast media slowed the heart rate equally during right and left coronary artery injection. In the absence of coronary arterial disease the ECG changes secondary to contrast media injection probably reflect a direct toxic effect. It is possible that premedication with atropine will reduce these effects. Urografin 76 appears the less toxic of the two media, although one case of ventricular fibrillation occurred with each.
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PMID:Contrast media during coronary arteriography: electrocardiographic changes in the presence of normal coronary arteries. 70 21

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) form a major part of the body's nonspecific first line of defense. An early event, prerequisite for the effective restriction of microbial invasions, is the chemotactic movement of activated neutrophils towards the invading organisms. To date, only limited and contradictory data exist regarding the effects of various intravenous anesthetic agents on neutrophil migration. In this study, the influence of ketamine, etomidate, midazolam, diazepam, and six commonly used i.v. barbiturates (hexo-, pheno-, pentobarbital, methohexital, thiopental, thiobutobarbital) on the in vitro motility of isolated human PMN was tested. Purified PMN (greater than 95%) were obtained from venous blood samples of healthy adults by dextran sedimentation, subsequent ammonium chloride treatment for red blood cell lysis, and Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation. Random and chemotactic migration were assessed under 1% agarose in the presence of 10(-3)-10(-7) M logarithmic dilutions of the agents in antibiotic free migration medium (MEM). N-fMet-Leu-Phe (FMLP) served as the standardized chemical attractant (10(-7) M). PMN motility was unaffected by ketamine and etomidate, but a significant (P less than 0.001), dose - related depression could be observed with both benzodiazepines at concentrations exceeding 10(-5) M (Fig. 1). Except at 10(-3) M concentration, this migratory inhibition proved to be easily reversible (Fig. 3). At the highest concentration tested (10(-3) M), all the barbiturates caused a significant (P less than 0.001) but completely reversible depression of random as well as chemotactic PMN migration (Table 1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Intravenous anesthetics and human neutrophil granulocyte motility in vitro]. 288 93

The comparative immediate effects of ionic and nonionic contrast agents on coronary blood flow and regional function have not been studied. Therefore, subselective intracoronary injections of iohexol and sodium meglumine diatrizoate (Renografin 76) were compared at different rates (1, 3, and 4 mL/sec) and volumes (2 and 4 mL). Open chest dogs were instrumented with electromagnetic flow probes, subendocardial ultrasonic crystals, and a subselective intracoronary catheter. The 2- and 4-mL volumes of Renografin infused at 3 mL/sec, caused reductions in coronary blood flow that were maximal at 2 to 3 seconds after injection. These changes were significant for the 4-mL dose (61 +/- 19 at control vs. 23 +/- 12 mL/min, mean +/- SD, P less than .01) but not for the 2-mL dose. Iohexol produced identical flow responses but regional function was not significantly altered, whereas Renografin caused significant depression at both dose levels. Injections of 4 mL of Renografin at 1 and 4 mL/sec caused maximal flow decrements at 4.5 and 2 seconds after injection, respectively. Again, iohexol caused identical responses. At these doses, the effects of iohexol on regional function were also identical to those of Renografin. Thus, despite differences in physical properties, no significant differences in early blood flow changes were detected between these two agents.
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PMID:Immediate effects of graded ionic and nonionic contrast injections on coronary blood flow and myocardial function. Implications for digital coronary angiography. 331 9

Twenty-six patients with major thermal injury were studied with sequential tests of immunocompetence. Five to 8 days after burn, 12 of 26 patients developed a marked depression in the phytohemagglutinin response (17 +/- 8 percent of baseline) and an increase in suppression of the normal mixed leukocyte response (70 +/- 13 percent suppression), which was followed by severe life-threatening sepsis 4 to 5 days later. Concomitant with this marked immunosuppression, the 12 patients developed red debris in the normally white mononuclear layer of the Ficoll-Hypaque density centrifugation gradients used to separate mononuclear cells. None of the 14 patients with minimal or no sepsis developed red debris in Ficoll-Hypaque gradients, nor did they show signs of immune depression by phytohemagglutinin or mixed leukocyte response assays. The only patients in the severe sepsis group who survived were those given aminoglycosides at the time red debris was observed on the Ficoll-Hypaque gradients. The presence of red debris on Ficoll-Hypaque separation appears to be a simple and reliable predictor of impending sepsis, which allows the use of antibiotics before the clinical onset of sepsis.
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PMID:A simple method of predicting severe sepsis in burn patients. 644 67

Patients with advanced cancer have a depressed immunological function. We performed a battery of tests on peripheral blood samples from 42 patients with gynecological cancer to determine the extent to which this depression was due to abnormal lymphocyte function, as compared to changes in the number of lymphoid cells in the peripheral blood or in the efficiency of purification of cells in Ficoll:Hypaque gradients in preparation for testing. The percentage of lymphocytes in the gradient-derived cell suspension (% LG) and the absolute lymphocyte count were more informative than mitogen stimulation, mixed leukocyte culture, and T- and B-cell measurements. Both values decreased significantly with the advancing stage of cancer, and we were able to predict survival of patients with uniform stage of disease. The % LG correlated with survival better than did any other test when multivariate analyses of all test combinations were performed. Low values of % LG reflected both the depressed lymphocyte counts and the altered buoyant density of the leukocytes of many patients with advanced cancer. A large portion of the depression in other immune function tests was statistically attributed to changes in % LG and the lymphocyte counts. We concluded that these two simple measurements provide valuable information about patients with gynecological cancer.
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PMID:Prediction of survival in gynecological cancer based on immunological tests. 644 87

Since verapamil and contrast media both cause depression in the electrophysiologic function of the heart and both may exert these effects by actions on ionic calcium, the possible interaction of verapamil and intracoronary contrast media on atrioventricular conduction was studied in six dogs using surface electrocardiography and HIS bundle electrogram. The effects of intracoronary injection of standard ionic media (Renografin 76) and low osmolal contrast media (Hexabrix and Hexabrix with calcium [8 mEq/L]) were compared. Each contrast media was assessed in the normal state and at four increasing doses of verapamil (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg). The PR and AH intervals were substantially prolonged by intracoronary injection of Renografin 76 in the presence of a 1.0 mg/kg dose of verapamil (172 +/- 41 msec to 724 +/- 48 msec, P less than 0.05 for PR interval, and 182 +/- 41 msec to 734 +/- 51 msec, P less than 0.05 for AH interval), with most animals developing second degree heart block (Mobitz, type I). There was no change in the HV interval. Hexabrix and Hexabrix with calcium did not cause significant changes in PR or AH intervals at similar doses of verapamil. Thus, standard ionic contrast causes severe inhibition of atrioventricular conduction in the presence of verapamil, whereas low osmolal contrast media cause no significant negative dromotropic effects either in the presence or absence of verapamil. The osmolality of contrast media is an important mechanism responsible for the depression in atrioventricular conduction attending intracoronary contrast media in the presence of verapamil.
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PMID:Combined actions of verapamil and contrast media on atrioventricular conduction. Influence of osmolality of the media. 646 25

The cardiovascular response produced during pulmonary angiography performed with the standard ionic agent diatrizoate (Renografin 76) and a new non-ionic agent iopamidol was compared. Nine dogs were evaluated while ventilated on room air and on 10% O2 which significantly elevated pulmonary arterial pressure. Iopamidol produced similar changes in mean aortic and pulmonary arterial pressures compared with normal saline (less than 20% change). Renografin 76, however, produced a significantly greater elevation in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (a 41% increase) and depression in mean aortic pressure (a 40% reduction) than either saline or iopamidol (p less than 0.01). These results were similar for dogs being ventilated with room air and oxygen. The results indicate that iopamidol should be better tolerated and therefore a safer contrast agent for pulmonary angiography than diatrizoate.
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PMID:Pulmonary angiography with iopamidol and Renografin 76 in normal and pulmonary hypertensive dogs. 666 67

The effects of the radiographic contrast agents Renografin, Isopaque, and Hypaque on the mechanical performance of isometrically contracting rat papillary muscle was compared to a new contrast agent, Amipaque. It was found that exposure to Amipaque resulted in significantly less depression of contractile activity than any of the other agents. Changes in mechanical performance associated with exposure to Renografin, Isopaque, or Hypaque could not be attributed to either hypocalcemia or hypoxia. The decrease in developed tension and increase in resting tension was similar to that produced by Krebs-Henseleit containing hypertonic (1420 mmol) glucose or sucrose. Thus, the data support the concept that hyperosmolarity of the radiographic contrast agents may be primarily responsible for the adverse effects on mechanical performance of the myocardium associated with angiography.
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PMID:Effect of angiographic contrast agents on the mechanical performance of the isolated rat papillary muscle preparations. 678 37

Monocytes have been thought to play an important role in the immune surveillance system of cancer patients since monocytes were shown to participate as accessory cells in the induction of T-cell proliferation to PHA by Potter et al. in 1977. We had already reported the depression of monocyte function with the progress of cancer after PHA response of mononuclear cells obtained by centrifugation of Ficoll-Hypaque and lymphocytes obtained by depletion of monocytes ingesting Silica from mononuclear cells was compared in cancer patients. In that study, however, monocyte function was considered not to be indicated truly because responding cells were different at each examination. Therefore, in this study responding cells were graded as T-cells obtained from healthy volunteers and monocytes were added to the T-cells. Monocyte function in this study was as follows: PHA response to T-cells and monocytes over PHA response to T-cells. In this study, monocytes were allogenic to T-cells. At first, the influence of monocytes to allogenic T-cells was studied but it was found to be negligible. The ratio of monocytes and T-cells was 1:1. The concentration of PHA was 20 micrograms/ml. Finally, the monocyte function of patients with cervical cancer was studied. It was increased at the stage of CIS and then gradually decreased. At the advanced stage, it was significantly decreased to comparison with that of healthy volunteers.
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PMID:[Study of monocyte function in patients with cervical cancer by using T-lymphocyte monocyte interaction in response to phytohemagglutinin (author's transl)]. 697 46


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