Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this paper, the author emphasizes the practical importance for the internist of determining the underlying content of the patient's fantasies about his illness and its treatment. These fantasies are often the cause of the anxiety and depression that accompanies physical illness and may be quite divorced from the reality of the situation. When the particular fantasies are elicited, the physician will be in a position often to directly reassure the patient about unrealistic concerns. By communicating his understanding, the physician increases the power of the patient's bond to him and is in a position to substantially alleviate emotional distress that stems from physical illness.
Clin Exp Dial Apheresis 1983
PMID:Meaning as an intervening variable. 637 73

In the present study 1 h of total occlusion of the left renal artery in conscious rats was chosen as experimental model of ischemic acute renal failure (ARF), while the contralateral kidney was left intact. Chronic high dietary sodium intake, acute isotonic saline infusion, or administration of saralasin did not protect from ARF. Furosemide, mannitol, and verapamil converted oliguric into non-oliguric ARF in 100%, 75%, and 60% of the animals, resp. Protection from oliguria and preservation of GFR inversely correlated with the depression of cortical ATP-concentration (control: 1.32 +/- 0.07 mumoles/g wet weight) 6 h after ischemia by 16%, 41%, and 58% in mannitol- and verapamil- treated rats and in untreated rats, resp. At this time, Na-K-ATPase enzyme activities in renal cortex and papilla were unaffected, while enzyme activity in outer medulla was suppressed from 15.4 +/- 1.4 to 9.4 +/- 1.0 mumoles Pi/mg protein h in all groups of animals. The results suggest that in this model of ARF renal ischemia not only affects cellular energy supply in renal cortex but also causes severe structural and functional impairment in the outer medulla, probably leading to tubular obstruction and depression of glomerular function. Pharmacological protection from ischemic oliguric ARF cannot be achieved by prior induction of high urine flow rates alone but depends on the degree of metabolic and functional reserve of the injured tubular epithelium.
Clin Exp Dial Apheresis 1983
PMID:Renal functional and metabolic studies on the role of preventive measures in experimental acute ischemic renal failure. 641

Previous studies have demonstrated depression of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in uraemia. We have measured CMI in a group of 248 patients on regular dialysis using a quantitative dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) skin test which gives a score of 0 to 15. Ninety-eight of these patients subsequently had first cadaver transplants and the relationship between the DNCB score and graft survival has been examined. Graft survival was found to decline progressively with higher DNCB scores. Blood transfusion also had a major influence on graft survival and the relation between the DNCB score and outcome was observed in all the blood transfusion groups.
Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 1981
PMID:Cell-mediated immunity during RDT and the outcome of transplantation. 703 57

The Rotter Inventory was used to assess external vs. internal locus of control in chronic hemodialysis patients. This measure of personality was correlated to psychological and physiologic measures of adaptation to hemodialysis. Patients with high external locus of control had poorer overall compliance with higher interdialytic weight gain, but did not show more psychological distress. Nurses Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation correlated negatively with mean K, mean P, Beck Depression rating, and duration of dialysis.
Clin Exp Dial Apheresis 1981
PMID:Locus of control and adjustment to chronic hemodialysis. 733 41

Maintenance hemodialysis patients are known to be lymphopenic, and it was previously felt that T and B cells were equally and moderately depressed. With modification of the B cell technique, however, we have shown that MHD patients have a relatively more pronounced depression of B cells, with decreased proportions and markedly reduced total numbers. B cells bearing specific immunoglobulin types are all proportionally reduced. This marked B cell deficiency could be responsible for the increased rate of some infections in MHD subjects. Its relationship to azotemia, malnutrition, toxic or deficiency states, or dialysis itself is unknown, and the stages of cellular maturation or interaction which are affected have not been identified.
Clin Exp Dial Apheresis 1981
PMID:Lymphocyte populations in maintenance hemodialysis patients - reassessment and analysis of B cell subtypes. 733 42

The response of heart function to angiotensin II (AT II) was studied in 18 patients on regular hemodialysis. The mean age was 33 years and they had been dialyzed for 55 months in the average. AT II was infused from a large vein and systolic blood pressure was raised by 40 mmHg. Before and after the change in blood pressure, M-mode echocardiogram of left ventricle was recorded. Left ventricular enddiastolic dimension, stroke index and cardiac index were found to be normal except for 9 patients who showed cardiac index above 4.0L/min/m2. No significant change was found in these parameters after the rise of blood pressure by AT II. Control ejection fraction (EF) was slightly but nonsignificantly lower in the patients than the healthy subjects; 0.73 +/- 0.13 vs. 0.80 +/- 0.05. Though significant falls in EF were found in the patient and in the healthy group, the former showed a profound depression of EF to 0.64 +/- 0.10. This value was significantly lower than the value of the latter group; 0.76 +/- 0.04 (p less than 0.01). Since none had overt heart failure, a depression of EF after AT II can be regarded as subclinical abnormality of heart function. AT II will be useful to detect this limited reserve of heart function in patients on regular hemodialysis who may show normal function at rest.
Clin Exp Dial Apheresis 1981
PMID:Depression of heart function after angiotensin II infusion in patients on chronic hemodialysis. 734 Oct 21

The toxicity of aminoglycosides is related to their concentrative uptake by proximal tubular cells and their capacity to interact with critical intracellular targets. Concentrative uptake is mediated by adsorptive endocytosis across the apical membrane followed by sequestration within lysosomes. The fundamental mechanism underlying the toxicity of these organic polycations is their capacity to interact electrostatically with and disrupt the metabolism of anionic phospholipids, especially the phosphoinositides. Polyaspartic acid, a polyanionic peptide, protects against aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity by forming electrostatic complexes with these drugs and inhibiting their interaction with critical intracellular targets. The selective toxicity of beta-lactams towards renal proximal tubular cells is related to their concentrative uptake via the organic anion transport system. Lipid peroxidation appears to play a major role in the toxicity of cephaloridine. Depressed mitochondrial respiration secondary to acylation of the mitochondrial transporter for succinate has been implicated in the pathogenesis of toxicity caused by other cephalosporins and carbapenems. The predilection of the kidney for amphotericin B toxicity is unclear as little drug is excreted by the kidneys. Toxicity is manifested by increased renal vascular resistance, depression of RBF and GFR, and altered tubular function that reflects the capacity of this drug to interact with cholesterol-containing membranes and increase membrane permeability to ions including potassium, hydrogen, calcium, and magnesium.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1994
PMID:Antibiotic-related nephrotoxicity. 780 Feb 46

Acute renal failure (ARF) is a common manifestation of a septic condition which very often complicates surgical and traumatic events. The release of endotoxin, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, and subsequently of numerous host mediators, is the initiating event of sepsis syndrome and eventually of septic shock. Particularly interesting is the observation that not only endotoxins but also Staphylococcus aureus which does not produce endotoxins induce the same cardiovascular changes of septic shock. The main aspect of septic shock is the inadequate oxygen supply to the body tissues. However, despite the documented myocardial depression in the course of septic shock, myocardial ischaemia is not to be considered a contributing factor, and the coronary blood flow is normal or even increased. Protein hypercatabolism can be at best only limited; in any case the optimal protein-sparing effect was observed with 1.5 g/kg proteins. Recently monoclonal antibodies to endotoxin core glycolipid have been developed; they are: (a) E5, a murine IgM anti-lipid A monoclonal antibody; (b) HA-1A, a human monoclonal antibody to endotoxin core glycolipid. In conclusion, hypercatabolic septic patients should be managed in an intensive care environment where a continuous monitoring of fluids, electrolytes, and acid-base disorders can be achieved. Surgical search of septic foci, and wide-spectrum antibiotic therapy are fundamental measures to combat cytokine and vasodilator production which impair tissue perfusion and create the premise of a shock status complicated by lactic acidosis. Dialysis treatment is a further complementary but fundamental approach that allows a large fluid and nutritional intake and a continuous correction of electrolyte and acid-base disorders.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1994
PMID:Basic therapeutic requirements in the treatment of sepsis in acute renal failure. 780 Feb 55

Quality of life assessments were performed in 24 haemodialysis patients (10 males, 14 females, age 45 +/- 15 years) undergoing rHuEpo treatment. The results in the rHuEpo-treated patients were compared with those in eight haemodialysis patients not on rHuEpo and with the results of a nationwide study of dialysis patients in Sweden (carried out before rHuEpo was registered). Survey questionnaires (112 items, divided into three dimensions, i.e. physical, social, and emotional wellbeing) were completed before treatment (Hb 73 +/- 1.1 g/l), when the target Hb value of 10 g/dl was reached (1-7 months) and in 14 patients 1 year after correction of the anaemia. Before treatment, the rHuEpo group had significantly more complaints about poor appetite, fatigue, and irritability than the controls. After the anaemia was corrected, the rHuEpo group had significantly improved physical and emotional wellbeing. The most significant changes occurred in satisfaction with health, physical activities of daily life, and fatigue. Alterations in emotional symptoms, such as depression and apathy, were less pronounced. Only minor changes were observed in their social wellbeing. One year after correction of the anaemia, the improvements in physical and emotional wellbeing were still present in the rHuEpo-treated patients. A positive effect was also noted on hospitalization rate. Scores for the subdimensions of satisfaction with health, sexual adjustment, physical symptoms, and emotional wellbeing improved in the rHuEpo-treated group and reached a level that was the same, or even higher, than the scores in the dialysis patients in the nationwide study. In conclusion, the quality of life improved during rHuEpo treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1993
PMID:Long-term effects on quality of life in haemodialysis patients of correction of anaemia with erythropoietin. 839 47

We investigated the psychiatric and psychosocial status of 31 elderly (age > 65 years) end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) (17 patients) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) (14 patients). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of age (67.3 +/- 2.3 and 68.5 +/- 4.3 in HD and CAPD groups, respectively), duration of dialysis treatment, and biochemical profile. The psychiatric and psychosocial status of the patients was assessed using the standardized psychiatric interview (SPI), Hamilton's depression scale (HRS-D), and a questionnaire for the evaluation of the psychosocial impact of the method of treatment. Sixteen of 31 patients presented with psychiatric morbidity (9 mild, 5 moderate, 2 severe). However, there was no significant relationship between psychiatric morbidity and method of dialysis (HD or CAPD). The mean values of SPI (21.47 +/- 16.38 and 17.14 +/- 13) and HRS-D (20.91 +/- 17.33 and 15.41 +/- 13.13) scores for the HD and CAPD groups, respectively, did not differ significantly. The analysis of the results of the questionnaire regarding the impact of the method of treatment on psychosocial status indicated that the HD patients felt that their lives were more dependent on factors that they could not influence (i.e., the dialysis equipment, etc.). Our findings suggest that the psychiatric status of elderly patients undergoing chronic dialysis treatment is not affected by the method of treatment, a factor that should be taken into consideration when deciding the proper dialysis treatment for these patients.
Perit Dial Int 1993
PMID:Psychiatric and psychosocial status of elderly patients undergoing dialysis. 839 63


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