Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The successful generation and functional expression of a series of recombinant chimeric transporters, in which distinct functional properties of NET and DAT are exchanged, have allowed the assignment of a number of important functional properties of MPP+ and antidepressant-sensitive catecholamine transporters to specific domains within their primary structure. These studies are the first comprehensive structure-function analysis of members of the rapidly growing superfamily of Na+/Cl- carriers using chimeric transporters. This represents the first step in identifying the specific structural or regulatory determinants that differentiate NET and DAT. An appreciation of the potentially distinct sites for substrate recognition, translocation, and transport inhibition of NET and DAT may facilitate the development of more selective drugs for the treatment of stimulant addiction, human depression, and other affective disorders.
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PMID:Discrete structural domains and cell-specific expression determine functional selectivity of the dopamine and norepinephrine transporters. 878 50

Until now reports of factitious disease have not been found in the ENT literature. In contrast, the dermatologic literature estimates an incidence from 0.01 to 0.26%. In order to achieve effective treatment for these patients, knowledge of the characteristic symptoms is fundamental. The present paper describes the variety of disease possible, using three cases treated between 1992 and 1994 in the ENT Department of Cologne. According to the literature, females are involved in a ratio of 9:1, with the majority working in medically related professions. Depression and anorexia are typical symptoms. When a factitious disease is suspected, psychiatric consultation is essential. Confrontation of a suspect patient by the otolaryngologist is not often considered because several reports quote suicidal behavior in up to 25% of self-manipulating patients and tendencies to refuse to follow psychiatric treatment are considerable.
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PMID:[Self-induced illness in ENT medical practice. Artefacts as a contribution to differential diagnosis of unusual illness courses]. 900 35

A psychiatric study was carried out to seek correct diagnosis and effective therapy for patients with various pain symptoms in ear, nose and throat area, and the unknown cause of pain and invalid treatment. There were 12 patients who coincided with the diagnostic criteria of depression. The therapeutic effect was satisfactory with antidepression medicine. It is suggested that the practicing ENT doctors should have some knowledge of psychiatry, understand the symptoms of depressive state, avoid misdiagnosis and offer correct management.
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PMID:[Symptoms of depressive state in otolaryngology]. 1074 45

Biogenic amine transporters, namely the dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, 5-HT) transporters (DAT, NET and 5-HTT, respectively) appear to be the key elements in regulating biogenic amine neurotransmission. These proteins therefore represent a primary target for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of numerous psychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety and perhaps even schizophrenia as well as drug abuse. The cloning of DAT, NET and 5-HTT and development of selective radioligands for them over the last decade has dramatically increased our understanding of their location, structure and function. These breakthroughs have also enabled remarkable progress in determining how biogenic amine transporters are regulated under not only normal conditions but also when confronted with acute or chronic exposure to a variety of stimuli including psychotherapeutic drugs. Because of the important therapeutic consequences of a better understanding of these transporters, the present review discusses recent advances in defining their mechanism of action, location and regulation and the implications of the newer data for neuropsychopharmacology.
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PMID:New views of biogenic amine transporter function: implications for neuropsychopharmacology. 1128 47

The aim of this investigation is to establish if there is a relation between the Globus Hystericus (GH) and any psychopathological disorder. In order to do this we have evaluated, the psychological characteristics of a sample of patients that have attended the ENT clinic with G.H., and we have compared them with those of a control group from the same clinic, to see if there were differences between both groups, and if these were statistically significant. The results have show that there are significant differences in the personality of people with G.H. They present higher marks in the Neuroticism and Introversion variables from Eysenck's E.P.Q-A, besides presenting significant differences in the behaviour signs of depression, being evaluated these with the Beck Inventory B.D.I.
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PMID:[Globus Hystericus, personality and psychopathology]. 1207 77

A series of novel N- and 3alpha-modified piperidine-based analogues of cocaine were synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit reuptake of DA, 5-HT, and NE by the DA, 5-HT, and NE transporters. N-Demethylation of trans-(+)-3alpha-piperidine-based ligands leads to improved activity at the SERT and NET and modest changes at the DAT. Replacement of the N-methyl group in trans-(+)-ester 1a with phenylalkyl groups leads to a modest 2.3-fold improvement in activity at the SERT (K(i) < or = 3.27 microM), insignificant changes at the NET, and a 3.5-fold loss in activity at the DAT (K(i) > or = 810 nM); however, such replacement in cis-(-)-ester 4, the more potent isomer of 1a, leads, in general, to a significant decrease in activity at all monoamine transporters (K(i) > 1 microM). Other N-modified ligands, including the ligands with polar groups incorporated in the N-alkyl substituent (3e-g) and ligands lacking the basic nitrogen (3i and 6d), show decreased activity at all monoamine transporters, though ligands 3e-g are similar in potency at the NET to 1a. N-Norester 2a, a possible metabolite of the lead compound 1a, and alcohol 1c, a compound with a 3alpha-substituent that is more stable to metabolism than 1a, were selected for further behavioral tests in animals. Alcohol 1c and ester 2a are similar in potency at the DAT to cocaine, ester 1a, and oxadiazole 1b, and both fully substitute for cocaine and have potency similar to that of cocaine in drug discrimination tests. Like cocaine, 1c increased locomotor activity (LMA) monotonically with time, whereas 2a produces biphasic effects consisting of initial locomotor depression followed by delayed locomotor stimulation. An interesting difference between cocaine, ester 1a, alcohol 1c, and N-norester 2a is that 1c and 2a are significantly longer acting in LMA tests. Although this result was anticipated for alcohol 1c, it is rather surprising for 2a which has an ester function susceptible to hydrolysis, a pathway of in vivo deactivation of cocaine and its ester analogues. The present results may have important implications for our understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the behavioral actions of cocaine and of the structural features needed for the design of the new leads in the discovery of a cocaine abuse medication.
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PMID:SAR studies of piperidine-based analogues of cocaine. 4. Effect of N-modification and ester replacement. 1210 1

Gynecologists use either oral or parenteral progestogens either alone or in combination with estrogens to treat various conditions. Parenteral routes of progestogen delivery are intramuscular injections, intravaginal pessaries, subcutaneous implants, and vaginal rings. Progestogens treat dysfunctional uterine bleeding by first controlling the acute bleeding episode and then by establishing normal ovulatory cycles. 1-2 tablets of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)/day or 1-3 tablets of norethindrone/day should stop uterine bleeding in 72 hours. If not, 25 mg intravenous premarin should control it in 6-24 hours. Cyclical progestational (e.g., MPA) therapy for 3-6 cycles should establish normal ovulatory cycles. After appropriate laparoscopic staging by double puncture technique, progestogens can be used to treat mild-moderate endometriosis. Gynecologists should consider the following criteria when selecting the ideal progestin for hormone replacement therapy: adjustment of dosage of progestin and estrogen over 3-6 months to maintain the beneficial effects of the estrogen and to minimize the adverse effects of the progestin, progestin dosage sufficient to protect against endometrial hyperplasia and cancer, economical progestin, and minimization of weight gain, depression, oral intolerance, and androgenic action. Hydrogesterone and MPA meet these criteria. Oral contraceptives with a progestin and the smallest possible dose of estrogen are well-tolerated, cause no break-through bleeding, produce minimal side effects, and protect against pregnancy (99% contraceptive effectiveness rate). They also protect against endometrial cancer, endometriosis, premenstrual tension, dysmenorrhea, and irregular cycles. Intramuscular injections of progestins (MPA, NET-EN), subcutaneous levonorgestrel implant, and the levonorgestrel IUD are new contraceptive developments and provide a high degree of contraceptive efficacy. MPA at very high doses cause remission of breast endometrial lesions.
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PMID:Progestogens in gynaecological practice. 1217 92

Norethindrone 2 mg. with mestranol 0.1 mg. (Ortho-Novum 2 mg.) was taken in cyclic fashion for fertility control by 62 private patients through 312 cycles. Each patient was interviewed every month during the trial period. No pregnancies occurred. The most common side effects noted were breakthrough bleeding, headache, fatigue and tension, nausea and depression. Five patients left the study because of depression and one because of nausea. It is suggested that the use of norethindrone 2 mg. with mestranol 0.1 mg. be reserved for the following situations: (1) those patients who have used other methods without success and in whom a further pregnancy would, in the opinion of the family physician, create hardship; (2) those patients in whom fear of pregnancy is part of the cause of marital problems; and (3) those patients in whom the product is primarily used for the treatment of menstrual disorders.
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PMID:The use of norethindrone (2 Mg.) with mestranol (0.1 Mg.) in fertility control; a preliminary report. 1399 1

With increasing drug abuse of cocaine, the chances are growing that an anaesthetist comes into contact with an acutely intoxicated patient or chronic cocaine user while on call or during his daily routine. In South America chewing coca leaves is daily practise, while in the industrialised world the drug is sniffed, smoked or injected intravenously. Clinically, cocaine is used topically in ENT and ophthalmology due to its local analgesic and strong vasoconstrictive properties. Cocaine has a similar effect on the CNS as amphetamines and produces euphoria and hallucinations. Cocaine acts indirectly on sympathetic stimulation, release of dopamine and inhibition of catecholamine metabolism. It is metabolised in the liver and by serum esterases. Intoxication with cocaine leads to respiratory depression, arrhythmias, ventricular fibrillation and death. If an emergency operation during acute cocaine intoxication is necessary, all sympathomimetic anaesthetic drugs must be avoided. A deep anaesthesia must be provided to reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications. In the literature, anaesthesia is regarded as safe for patients with chronic cocaine misuse after abstinence of 24 hours. This case report shows that, even without acute intoxication, severe cardiovascular problems are possible in patients with chronic cocaine abuse. Hence, we recommend a cocaine-free interval of at least one week before elective surgical procedures.
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PMID:[Intraoperative ventricular fibrillation in a patient with chronic cocaine abuse--a case report]. 1503

Glossopyrosis (Glossodynie, Burning mouth syndrome) is not a independent diagnosis it is only a symptom of a lot clinical pictures. Local diseases like glossitis, allergies and tumors of the tongue are best known from ENT-doctors. But there are also gastrointestinal, immunologic, neurologic, psychiatric and dermatologic diseases cause glossopyrosis. Glossopyrosis may be the first symptom of HIV infection, Diabetes or a depression long before manifestation of the full clinical picture. Also dental materials and drugs are iatrogenic factors for glossopyrosis. The multifarious differential diagnosis were described and discussed.
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PMID:[Glossopyrosis--diagnosis and therapy]. 1594 62


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