Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The current experiment was conducted with beef cows during the first 2 weeks postpartum (PP) to determine the effects of suckling and low-level increases of systemic progesterone on secretory characteristics of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in peripheral plasma. Variables measured included mean gonadotropin concentrations, FSH/LH pulse frequencies, pulse amplitudes and synchrony of coincident release. Suckled (S) cows had lower (P less than 0.01-P less than 0.05) mean concentrations of FSH and LH in plasma, lower (P less than .05) FSH and LH pulse frequencies and a lower (P less than 0.05) pulse synchrony (21.6 vs 72.3% coincident pulses) than nonsuckled (NS) cows on Day 7 PP. Neither FSH nor LH pulse amplitude was affected by suckling. Similar differences existed for mean gonadotropin concentrations, pulse frequencies and pulse synchrony on Day 14 PP between S and NS cows. Implanting cows with progesterone implants on Day 7 PP, which chronically increased plasma progesterone to 0.5-0.6 ng/ml, increased (P less than 0.05) mean plasma FSH and LH concentrations, FSH and LH pulse frequencies and pulse synchrony (87.5 vs. 66.3%) in NS-implanted (NSI) versus NS-nonimplanted (NSNI) cows. Progesterone implants had no beneficial effect in S cows. Thus, three major findings seem pertinent: 1) associated with the suckling-induced depression of episodic gonadotropin release was a marked decline in FSH/LH pulse synchrony; 2) a high degree of FSH/LH pulse synchrony (72-88%) was restored in the absence of suckling when gonadotropin pulse frequency increased to 4-5/6 h; 3) the absence of suckling, followed by the provision of low-level progesterone stimulation for 7 days, appeared to have additive effects on FSH and LH secretion. These results provide evidence that the neuroendocrine block associated with suckling in early PP beef cows is, in addition to being associated with depressed LH release, comprised of characteristic anomalies in FSH secretion, FSH/LH pulse synchrony and failure to respond to a putative hypothalamo-hypophyseal potentiator, progesterone.
 ...
PMID:Coincident secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in early postpartum beef cows: effects of suckling and low-level increases of systemic progesterone. 641 11

The hemodynamic effects of verapamil pretreatment versus no pretreatment were evaluated in five acutely hyperkalemic dogs. Using ECG evidence for severe hyperkalemia, the halothane-anesthetized dogs were rendered acutely hyperkalemic to similar plasma levels of K+ (K+ = 8.2 +/- 0.8 mEq/l verapamil plus hyperkalemia, K+ = 9.4 +/- 0.2 mEq/l hyperkalemic controls). The verapamil-hyperkalemic group had significantly lower cardiac indexes (CI) (CI = 1.3 +/- 0.5 1 X min-1 X m-2 verapamil plus hyperkalemia vs. CI = 3.0 +/- 0.2 1 X min-1 X m-2 hyperkalemic controls) and lower mean arterial pressures (MAP = 60 +/- 13 mmHg verapamil plus hyperkalemia vs. MAP = 96 +/- 7 mmHg hyperkalemic controls). Calcium therapy for hyperkalemia that returned CI to control levels in hyperkalemic controls only partially reversed the severe hemodynamic depression and did not improve the AV block seen during hyperkalemia in the presence of the calcium entry blocker verapamil. Surprisingly, the total mEq of KCl infused at the same rate into verapamil-pretreated dogs to result in similar high serum potassium levels was only one-third that required in dogs not pretreated with verapamil (1.6 +/- 0.3 mEq/kg KCl in verapamil-hyperkalemia group vs. 5.0 +/- 0.7 mEq/kg KCl in hyperkalemic controls).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Verapamil worsens rate of development and hemodynamic effects of acute hyperkalemia in halothane-anesthetized dogs: effects of calcium therapy. 642 14

We evaluated 2-chloroprocaine, three per cent, in 44 women having epidural anaesthesia for Caesarean section. All subjects received a minimum dose of 25 ml (750 mg) in increments designed to allow early recognition of accidental subarachnoid or intravascular injection. Further increments were given as needed to achieve a T5 sensory level or higher. We recorded pulse and blood pressure at two-minute intervals and used a simple pain scale to assess analgesia. Ninety-three per cent of subjects had acceptable analgesia. Seventeen mothers required more than 25 ml to attain a T5 level; subjects having a BMI (body mass index) equal to or greater than 35, or over 35 years of age, demonstrated more cephalad spread. Hypotension (MAP 80 per cent of control or less) occurred in 24, mothers (54 per cent), often transiently, but an infused fluid volume exceeding 30 ml X kg-1 at delivery significantly reduced post-delivery hypotension. Nausea and vomiting accompanied the hypotension in 12 mothers. No neonatal depression occurred. We conclude the incremental administration of chloroprocaine, as described, permits safe administration of the drug, with excellent analgesia in most parturients.
 ...
PMID:Three per cent 2-chloroprocaine for caesarean section: appraisal of a standardized dose technique. 649 71

The effects of intracoronary nifedipine on myocardial performance were studied in the absence and presence of beta-blockade with propranolol (0.5 mg X kg-1 i.v. bolus + infusion). In anaesthetized pigs nifedipine (0.025, 0.05 and 0.5 microgram X kg-1 X min-1) produced dose-dependent increases in coronary flow (up to 65% from base line, 39 +/- 4 ml X min-1) and decreases in myocardial O2-consumption (MO2-cons, up to 50%, base line 3.10 +/- 0.34 ml X min-1). The two lower doses caused a negligible depression of systemic haemodynamics (cardiac output, CO smaller than 8%, base line 2.70 +/- 0.14 l X min-1; mean arterial pressure, MAP smaller than 10%, base line 10.9 +/- 0.4 kPa), but after the highest dose MAP and CO decreased by 20%. Following pretreatment with propranolol, the effects of nifedipine on cardiac output and mean arterial pressure were additive for the two lower doses, but with 0.5 microgram X kg-1 X min-1 the superimposed effects were less pronounced. Nifedipine alone was able to increase cardiac efficiency, defined as (MAP X CO)/MO2-cons, by 10-20%, but failed to improve cardiac efficiency when this was previously reduced by administration of propranolol. Our data indicate that intracoronary infusion of nifedipine can be performed safely when beta-blockade is already instituted, but that nifedipine alone decreases MO2-consumption to the same level as the combination, with less depression of global myocardial function.
 ...
PMID:Nifedipine and myocardial performance in the presence and absence of beta-blockade with propranolol. 666 65

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte function and lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to mitogens were evaluated in castrated male cattle after the repeated administration of estradiol or progesterone. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte function was evaluated with the following five parameters: (i) random migration under agarose, (ii) ingestion of 125I-labeled Staphylococcus aureus, (iii) nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, (iv) iodination, and (v) antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The administration of high dosages of estradiol cypionate produced no measurable effect on the total or differential leukocyte count, neutrophil function, lymphocyte blastogenesis, or blood cortisol levels. The administration of high dosages of progesterone caused a significant enhancement of random migration by neutrophils and a depression of the activity of the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-halide antibacterial system (iodination) of the neutrophil. Progesterone administration did not cause a measurable effect on the lymphocyte blastogenic response to mitogens or the ability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to ingest S. aureus, reduce nitroblue tetrazolium, or mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Progesterone did not cause a change in blood cortisol concentrations; therefore, the observed effects on polymorphonuclear leukocyte function were not due to alterations in blood cortisol concentrations. Impairment of the iodination reaction indicates that high dosages of progesterone interfere with an important bactericidal mechanism of the neutrophil.
 ...
PMID:Effect of estradiol and progesterone on lymphocyte and neutrophil functions in steers. 706 28

In order to evaluate coronary artery disease quantitatively we recorded body surface maps before and after treadmill exercise in 27 patients suspected of having coronary artery disease. Electrocardiograms were recorded from 87 points on the anterior and posterior chest wall. The pre-exercise ST level was subtracted from post-exercise ST level at each lead point and an ST difference MAP was constructed. The ST level at 60 msec from J point was used for the construction of the ST difference MAP. By means of ST difference MAP, the area with ST changes which was induced by treadmill exercise could be evaluated. the size of the ST-depression area in the ST difference MAP was considered to be proportional to the severity of the coronary artery disease and the ST-elevation area was closely correlated to the motion abnormality of the corresponding left ventricular wall. Treadmill exercise test using body surface mapping has provided a measure of quantitative diagnosis of coronary artery disease especially in symptomatic patients.
 ...
PMID:Treadmill exercise test using body surface mapping. A quantitative diagnostic method for coronary artery disease. 733 5

Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MP) and norethindrone enanthate (NET) are used as depot preparations. Intramuscular injections of 150 mg MP are given every 12 weeks, and NET is administered in 200 mg dosages every 8 weeks for the first 4 intervals and every 12 weeks thereafter. These preparations prevent conception by inhibiting gonadotropin secretion (preventing ovulation), by making the cervical secretions impenetrable to sperm, and by affecting the endometrium to prevent nidation. The Pearl Index for these preparations when properly administered is less than 1. The most common side effect of using these preparations is menstrual irregularities; 71% of MP users and 47% of NET users never experience even 1 normal menstrual cycle per year. 35% of MP users and 9% of NET users do not experience a menstrual bleeding between the injections. Headache, depression, and leg cramps are other side effects of these preparations. Normal menstruation is observed about 8 months after discontinuing MP use and 3-6 months after NET use. These preparations do not affect lactation.
 ...
PMID:[Depot gestagens as contraceptives]. 738 96

The capability of an early second injection or prior use of oral contraceptives (OCs) to improve satisfaction and long-term continuation of Depo-Provera in adolescents was investigated in a clinical trial involving 78 females 12-20 years of age (average, 15.9 years) recruited from a hospital-based adolescent health clinic. 36 subjects received injection of 150 mg of Depo-Provera every three months (Group 1), 27 received the second injection after only six weeks (Group 2), and 15 switched directly from OCs to the standard Depo-Provera regimen (Group 3). There was no difference between Groups 1 and 2 in terms of duration or frequency of menstrual bleeding; however, prior OC users experienced a significant reduction in the duration and intensity of bleeding in the first six months of Depo-Provera use (when estrogen was still present in the women's systems). Overall, 64% of study subjects reported less dysmenorrhea while on Depo-Provera. A slightly greater change in body mass index was observed among girls in Group 2 than in Groups 1 and 3; moreover, 70% of those in the early injection group reported increased appetite and weight gain compared to 39% of those on the standard schedule. The most commonly reported side effects included initial pain and soreness at the injection site (27%), decreased libido (56%), mood changes (31%), depression (26%), frequent headache (25%), fatigue (24%), and increase in acne (15%); there were no significant differences by group. 17 adolescents (22%) discontinued Depo-Provera, generally after two injections and due to bleeding irregularities or weight gain. 87% of adolescents who were prior OC users, 52% of those on the regular schedule, and 39% of those who received an early injection stated they were very satisfied with Depo-Provera. These findings indicate that early second Depo-Provera injection offers no advantages; use of OCs immediately prior to Depo-Provera should be further investigated, however, given its potential to minimize bleeding problems.
 ...
PMID:Depo-Provera in adolescents: effects of early second injection or prior oral contraception. 766 88

This study evaluated diurnal data gathered hourly (1000 to 1800 hours) in males during acute depression and during remission of depression and in age-range/gender-matched normal controls. Mean, peak, variability, and time-course of the noradrenergic metabolite, plasma 3-methoxy, 4-hydroxyphenylglycol [MHPG]), plasma cortisol, and autonomic (mean arterial blood pressure [MAP] and heart rate) variables were examined. Compared to controls, acutely depressed, but not remitted depressed, patients had 1) an earlier plasma MHPG peak, 2) a greater intragroup variability of plasma MHPG, 3) a higher plasma cortisol concentration, 4) a lower MAP, and 5) tended to increase MAP more slowly than did the normal controls. The time course of diurnal heart rate also differed in acutely depressed patients from controls: acutely depressed patients started higher and converged by midday to normal levels. These diurnal data lend limited support to the dysregulation hypotheses of depression that suggest normal circadian rhythmicities are altered or disrupted in acute depression and that peripheral manifestations of central dysregulation normalize in remission of depression.
 ...
PMID:Diurnal neuroendocrine and autonomic function in acute and remitted depressed male patients. 778 58

Clinicians examined the family planning decisions of 3938 women who underwent prenatal diagnosis (ultrasonography, amniocentesis, or chorionic villus sampling) at the Division of Reproductive Genetics at the University of Tennessee in Memphis between January 1988 and May 1993. 104 women were carrying fetuses with chromosome abnormalities, of whom 92 opted to terminate their pregnancies. 57 women were carrying fetuses with neural tube defects, of whom 49 chose to end their pregnancies. Among the 91 fetal chromosome abnormality cases with complete information on family planning decisions, 84 had autosomal abnormalities and 7 had sex chromosome abnormalities. Among the 41 fetal neural tube defect cases with complete information on family planning decisions, 22 had spina bifida and 19 had anencephaly. The mean age of women with a chromosome abnormality fetus was higher than that of those with a neural tube defect fetus (36.8 vs. 27.3 years; p 0.03). Just 20 women (15.2%) chose permanent sterilization after continuing or terminating the affected pregnancy. Women carrying fetuses with chromosome abnormalities were more likely to choose permanent sterilization than those carrying fetuses with neural tube defects (18.7% vs. 7.3%; p 0.03). Advanced maternal age was associated with the decision to undergo permanent sterilization (p 0.04). Physicians should counsel women who have opted to terminate a pregnancy of an abnormal fetus to delay any decision to undergo permanent sterilization to allow for resolution of grief and depression. They should advise the women to use safe, reliable, and long term reversible contraceptive agents (e.g., Norplant subdermal implant system, the injectable Depo-Provera, IUDs, and oral contraceptives).
 ...
PMID:Family planning decisions after prenatal detection of fetal abnormalities. 797 49


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>