Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We carried out total spinal block (T.S.B.) in adult mongrel dogs with 0.5 ml.kg-1 of 2% lidocaine, and compared the effects of dopamine (DOA) and dobutamine (DOB) to correct the circulatory depression produced by T.S.B. HR, MAP, LV dp/dt max. and CI decreased significantly by T.S.B. under continuous infusion of 2.5 mcg.kg-1.min-1 of both DOA and DOB. During DOA infusion these circulatory values decreased significantly compared with those of control period, while during DOB infusion they were unchanged. MAP, LV dp/dt max. and CI decreased significantly by T.S.B. under 5 mcg.kg-1.min-1 of DOA infusion, while influence was hardly observed by T.S.B. under DOB infusion. From the results, it is concluded that DOB is more effective than DOA to correct the circulatory depression by T.S.B., and in order to correct it more than 5 mcg.kg-1.min-1 of DOA and approx. 2.5 mcg.kg-.min-1 of DOB are necessary.
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PMID:[Evaluation of dopamine and dobutamine for use in circulatory depression associated with induced total spinal block]. 202 94

In a retrospective study the case histories of 70 users of Depo-Provera (containing depo medroxyprogesterone acetate) were reviewed during April-June 1987 at the Family Planning Association of Victoria's Richmond Clinic in Australia to ascertain their socioeconomic status, obstetric and contraceptive history, and side effects of Depo-Provera use. 47 (67%) were employed; 20 (29%) were health care card holders (8 were unemployed and 6 were supporting mothers); 2 were wards of state referred from adolescent institutions; and 3 women (4%) had intellectual disability. 37 (53%) had been pregnant with the total number of pregnancies of 65; 16 women had a total of 25 terminations of pregnancy; and 1 woman had a history of 4 therapeutic abortions. 53 women (76%) had started using contraception before the age of 20; 47% had used more than 1 type of contraception, 46% had used oral contraceptives only, 23% had used the condom, and 5% had used nothing. Age range at start of Depo Provera use was 14-40 years. The reasons given for commencing Depo-Provera included a combination of problems with other methods, forgetting OCs, and side effects of OCs. 47 (67%) had requested the use of Depo-Provera, of whom 13 (18%) had used it previously. 43 (61%) used Depo-Provera for 1 year or less, and only 1 patient had used it for 6 years. Among 52 women (74%) who had more than 1 dose of the injectable, the major side effects related to menstrual disturbances; 31 (41%) had amenorrhea. 2 of these women had breakthrough bleeding during the 1st dose. 17 women (24%) had either irregular bleeding or breakthrough bleeding, while 1 patient continued to have regular periods. 7 women (10%) had other side effects including depression; 4 women (6%) complained of weight gain; and 2 (3%) had breast soreness. 41 women (59%) were smokers, and 40% of them smoked 15 or more cigarettes per day. 35% of the women continued with the method beyond the study period, while the proportion of women within the clinic who continued using Depo-Provera was about 0.5%.
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PMID:Depo Provera: a profile of current users. 214 Jun 75

Progesterone is the most widely used treatment for premenstrual syndrome. To answer definitely the question of whether progesterone suppositories are effective for the treatment of premenstrual syndrome, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study of 168 women, receiving progesterone in doses of 400 and 800 mg or placebo, was carried out. Premenstrual symptoms were not significantly improved by progesterone compared with placebo in any measure used in the study, including daily symptom reports maintained throughout treatment, clinician evaluation of improvement, and patient global reports of symptoms severity, relief, and disruption of daily activity. No symptom cluster or individual symptom differed significantly between progesterone and placebo treatment. These treatment results were not significantly affected by fluctuations in response during the placebo washout period, pretreatment levels of depression or anxiety at either postmenstrual or premenstrual times, or any of 19 other background, medical history, or symptom variables examined individually as covariates with treatment.
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PMID:Ineffectiveness of progesterone suppository treatment for premenstrual syndrome. 236 36

The respiratory control center receives afferent stimuli from mechanical and neuromechanical sources. Information from both these sources, combined with voluntary and involuntary CNS control, effects stimulation of the respiratory muscles. In the infant, insufficiency of one or more of these elements of the respiratory control center is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Pharmacologic manipulation may provide a means of intervention. The xanthine derivative theophylline has been successfully used in the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and apnea in the infant. Naloxone, an endorphin antagonist, is widely used for the reversal of narcotic-induced respiratory depression but has not been shown to be clinically effective for either severely or moderately asphyxiated infants. Although doxapram has not been extensively studied and lacks an oral preparation, it is a potentially viable therapy in the treatment of refractory apnea and congenital hypoventilation syndromes. Almitrine's success in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has not been duplicated in infants with similar respiratory impairments. Progesterone and prostaglandin, although proved to influence respiratory activity, should be regarded as very experimental therapeutic modalities.
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PMID:Pharmacologic manipulation of the respiratory control center in the infant. 219 44

Hormonal and clinical evaluation was performed in eleven females with diagnosis of pseudocyesis. Plasma levels of pituitary gonadotropins (FSH-LH), progesterone, estradiol and thyroid hormones (T3, T4, TSH) under basal conditions were measured through radioimmunoassay. Diagnosis of pseudocyesis was made according to the following criteria: a) secondary amenorrhea (greater than 12 weeks); b) two or more symptoms of gestation; c) conviction of being pregnant; d) negative HCG or pelvic ultrasound study. The circulation levels of gonadotropins were within normal limits. Progesterone exhibited a ovulatory pattern and thyroid hormones were normal for every instance. Once case had slight hyperprolactinemia (26.0 ng/ml) with impaired gonadotropin production and ovulatory progesterone. All patients had galactorrhea. The psychological study disclosed a tendency toward depression. Our findings partially confirmed previous observations, differing basically on that we observed normal hormonal trend.
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PMID:[Pseudocyesis: clinical and hormonal evaluation]. 251 25

The present experiments examined the effects of progesterone on adrenergic receptor coupling to adenylate cyclase in hypothalamic and preoptic area slices by monitoring norepinephrine (NE)-stimulated increases in cAMP accumulation. Progesterone treatment of estrogen-primed rats decreased NE-induced slice cAMP accumulation. The reduced cAMP response was estrogen-dependent since it was not demonstrable in slices from rats exposed to progesterone without prior estrogen priming. Neither generalized increases in phosphodiesterase activity nor decreases in the catalytic activity of adenylate cyclase could account for the reduced ability of NE to stimulate cAMP accumulation in hypothalamic slices. Moreover, the cAMP response to two other activators of adenylate cyclase, adenosine and vasoactive intestinal peptide, was not decreased in slices from rats treated with estrogen plus progesterone. Selective adrenergic agonists and antagonists were employed to determine which adrenergic receptors mediate cAMP accumulation in progesterone-exposed slices. Slice cAMP levels were elevated by the beta receptor agonist isoproterenol but not by alpha 1 (phenylephrine) or alpha 2 (clonidine) agonists. However, clonidine potentiated the effect of isoproterenol on slice cAMP formation whereas phenylephrine did not. Likewise, NE-stimulated cAMP accumulation was completely antagonized only by a combination of both beta (propranolol) and alpha 2 (yohimbine) antagonists. The data suggest that in slices from estrogen plus progesterone-treated rats, alpha 2 receptors contribute significantly to NE stimulation of cAMP accumulation. The overall depression of the cAMP response to NE in progesterone-exposed slices may involve a decrease of alpha 1 receptor facilitation of cAMP synthesis.
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PMID:Progesterone depression of norepinephrine-stimulated cAMP accumulation in hypothalamic slices. 254 2

Cationic local anesthetics decreased the transition temperature of the anionic phospholipid (dimyristoylphosphatidic acid, DMPA) vesicles. The counterion concentration changes the electrical double layer effect, and affects the magnitude of temperature depression caused by anesthetics. From the counterion effect on the transition-temperature depression, the partition coefficients of cationic local anesthetics to liquid-crystalline and solid-gel DMPA membranes were separately estimated. The differences in the partition coefficients between solid-gel and liquid-crystalline membranes correlated to the nerve blocking potencies. There are at least two states in the nerve membranes: resting state at higher temperature and excited state at lower temperature. We speculate that the resting state corresponds to the liquid-crystalline state, and the excited state to the solid-gel state. The difference in the partition coefficients to the resting and excited states is the cause of local anesthesia.
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PMID:Differential affinity of charged local anesthetics to solid-gel and liquid-crystalline states of dimyristoylphosphatidic acid vesicle membranes. 259 87

The endogenous opiate beta-endorphin is released concomitantly with adrenocorticotropin from the pituitary during stress. In the present study we investigated the possible involvement of opiate receptors in the cardiovascular depression associated with hypovolemic shock in the nonhuman primate. Changes in circulating levels in beta-endorphin were monitored during hemorrhagic shock in 18 female baboons. Plasma levels of beta-endorphin increased significantly during hemorrhagic shock and were significantly correlated with a decrease in cardiac output (P less than 0.05). Single bolus administration of the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone (2 or 5 mg/kg) produced a transient but significant improvement in cardiac output (P less than 0.05) and mean arterial pressure (P less than 0.05). Hemodynamic improvement was maintained with a constant infusion of naloxone. Opiate receptor blockade with the longer acting antagonist naltrexone (2 or 5 mg/kg) significantly increased mean arterial pressure (MAP; P less than 0.05), and CO (P less than 0.05), and decreased heart rate. Our results suggest that the baboon is an excellent model for the study of hemorrhagic shock and provide further evidence for endogenous opiate involvement in the cardiovascular pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock.
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PMID:Endorphins in primate hemorrhagic shock: beneficial action of opiate antagonists. 293 29

The effect of a single dose of 5 mg/kg body weight of aflatoxin B1 on rat liver mitochondrial enzymes, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and Mg++ adenosine triphosphatase (Mg++-ATPase) and on certain lipids were studies at various intervals of time from 3 to 24 hours. A significant decrease in the specific activity of SDH was observed after 6, 12, 18 and 24 hr treatment. The Mg++-ATPase activity remained unaffected up to 12 hr but appreciably decreased after, 18 and 24 hr of the treatment. The level of phospholipids and cholesterol were not altered after 3, 6 and 12 hr treatment, thereafter (18 and 24 hr) an increase was observed in both the lipids following the aflatoxin treatment. Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) did not cause any alteration in the specific activities of these enzymes as well as levels of cholesterol and phospholipids. The treatment with MPA caused significant increase in contents of cytochromes P-450, b5 and activities of Arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), UDP-glucuronyl transferase (UDP-GT) and NADPH-cytochrome C-reductase of hepatic microsomes. It was observed that pretreatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) could significantly minimuze the depression caused in mitochondrial SDH and Mg++-ATPase activities by aflatoxin B1.
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PMID:Modification of aflatoxin B1-induced changes in certain mitochondrial enzymes and lipids by medroxyprogesterone acetate. 294 74

Chemical antagonists were used to assess the role of beta-endorphin and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) in canine endotoxin shock. Fifteen awake dogs were given Escherichia coli endotoxin IV. Within 5 min, CO decreased to 28%, LV dP/dt to 46%, and MAP to 52% baseline. Fifteen minutes after endotoxin, five dogs each received naloxone, AVP antagonist, or no treatment. Control (untreated) animals exhibited persistent cardiovascular depression, with CO 49%, LV dP/dt 69%, and MAP 91% of baseline after 45 min. Naloxone improved CO to 69%, LV dP/dt to 94%, and MAP to 91% by 30 min after treatment. AVP blockade improved CO to 105%, LV dP/dt to 107%, and MAP to 95% of baseline by 30 min after treatment, and caused significant tachycardia. Plasma cortisol and AVP increased markedly in all groups after endotoxin administration. AVP antagonist treatment increased mean survival from 1.4 to 4 days. These data suggest that abnormally elevated AVP contributes to cardiovascular depression in canine endotoxin shock and that AVP blockade is therapeutic in the animal model studied.
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PMID:The role of endorphins and vasopressin in canine endotoxin shock. 294 95


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