Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Preliminary open trials performed by the authors and others with Moclobemide, a new MAO-A inhibitor, indicated that the drug has a satisfactory antidepressant activity. In the present double-blind study Moclobemide has been compared to placebo in a group of 34 unipolar psychotic or neurotic depressed patients. The mean daily dose of Moclobemide was 297 mg and treatment lasted from two to four weeks. Drug effectiveness was measured by improvements in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The results have shown that the active drug was markedly superior to placebo. The mean total score of HRSD was reduced from 41.7 to 16.5 in 18 pts. treated with Moclobemide and from 36.3 to 29.1 in 16 pts. who received placebo. Self-assessment with VAS showed a mean reduction from 82.7 mm to 42.2 mm and from 84.3 to 70.6 mm respectively. Moderate to marked improvement was observed by the CGI in 15 cases treated with Moclobemide and mild to moderate in 5 cases who received placebo. The treatment was well tolerated.
 ...
PMID:A placebo-controlled study of the antidepressant activity of moclobemide, a new MAO-A inhibitor. 638 61

Moclobemide (Ro 11-1163), a benzamide derivative, is a MAO-inhibitor which selectively and reversibly inhibits monoamine oxidase type A. Thirty-eight patients with episodic, chronic and atypical depressive disorder (DSM-III) were equally randomized to 6 weeks' treatment with either three daily doses of 100 mg moclobemide or 50 mg clomipramine. Both treatment groups improved with time as assessed weekly by the Hamilton Depression Scale and the Clinician's Overall Assessment of Depression State, and there was no interaction between treatment and time. Anticholinergic complaints, tremor and dizziness occurred more frequently on clomipramine, and they were longer lasting and more severe. Because of its low toxicity, good tolerance, its selectivity and reversibility moclobemide may be a better alternative than the older monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
 ...
PMID:Moclobemide and clomipramine in the treatment of depression. A randomized clinical trial. 638 47

The urinary excretion rates of norepinephrine were assayed in 26 patients diagnosed as major depressive disorders (primary, unipolar), before and after 14 days of treatment with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor Moclobemide (Ro 11-1163). A standardized 1-h urine collection procedure was used and norepinephrine was assayed by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine was found significantly increased in depressed patients when compared with a control population. The psychotic patients showed the highest excretion rates although they were not significantly different from the endogenous (non-psychotic) group. Urinary norepinephrine output significantly decreased after 14 days of treatment with Moclobemide. This decrease was also marked in those patients that did not show any therapeutic effect. A clear antidepressant effect, shown by a significant decrease of the Hamilton Scale scores for depression, was apparent as early as the 7th day. Increased norepinephrine in melancholic patients was taken as a presumptive indication of altered sympathetic activity.
 ...
PMID:High urinary norepinephrine excretion in major depressive disorders: effects of a new type of MAO inhibitor (Moclobemide, RO 11-1163). 651 93

Seven hundred twelve patients meeting DSM-III-R criteria for major depression and recommended for antidepressant treatment were treated with moclobemide as outpatients (88%) or inpatients in ordinary psychiatric practices. These differ from the highly selected patients usually studied in antidepressant research, without comorbidity, or coprescription and treated in special clinics. Sixty-five percent were women, with a mean age of 45 (+/- 13.6) years, and 88% were outpatients. Eighty-eight percent had preexisting depression. Eight percent had prior manic episodes. Previous antidepressant treatment for this episode had been received by 69%, with the most common reasons for change to moclobemide being inadequate response (66%) and poor tolerability (20%). The modal final dose was 450 mg. Regarding tolerability, 52% did not report adverse events. The most common adverse events were insomnia or stimulation (13%), nausea (11%), headache or migraine (11%), dizziness or disorientation (6%), sedation or drowsiness (5%), agitation or nervousness (3%), and diarrhea (3%). Only 10% of adverse events were severe, and 83% lasted less than 2 weeks. There was no difference when moclobemide followed fluoxetine use. Most adverse events did not significantly differ from the frequencies reported in double-blind placebo-controlled studies. Concomitant medications from all major drug groups were taken by 520 patients (73%), with no adverse interactions. Moclobemide overdose resulted in an uneventful recovery, whereas mixed overdoses caused no problems other than those attributable to coprescribed medication. On physician clinical global impression, 65% were moderately improved or better after 8 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Moclobemide for depression: an Australian psychiatric practice study. 759 27

Seventy inpatients with a DSM-III-R major depression were included in a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial to compare the efficacy and tolerability of moclobemide versus fluoxetine. After a 3-day placebo run-in phase, treatments were administered for 4 weeks in daily doses of between 300 and 600 mg of moclobemide or 20 to 40 mg of fluoxetine. Efficacy was measured by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), Clinical Global Impression, and subjective mood ratings (45-item self-rating scale). Fifty-three patients (mean age, 40 years; 22 men, 31 women) completed the 4-week treatment. Changes between end of treatment and baseline did not differ between both study drugs. The HAM-D responder rate (50% improvement from baseline) was 59% in the moclobemide group and 58% in the fluoxetine group after 4 weeks. Moclobemide, however, acted therapeutically faster than fluoxetine. After 1 week of treatment, the HAM-D scores were significantly lower in patients on moclobemide than in those on fluoxetine (p < 0.005). The earlier efficacy of moclobemide after 1 week was also detected by the patients' subjective mood ratings (p < 0.02). There were no differences between moclobemide and fluoxetine regarding tolerability ratings. These data suggest that both agents have a similar efficacy and tolerability but that moclobemide has an earlier onset of antidepressive action.
 ...
PMID:Moclobemide versus fluoxetine in the treatment of inpatients with major depression. 759 28

The data on a twice-daily dosage schedule with moclobemide in the treatment of a major depressive episode (MDE) is limited. In this randomized, double-blind, multicenter study, moclobemide, 150 mg twice daily, was compared with two different three times daily regimens with total daily dosages of 300 and 450 mg, respectively, over a 6-week period. Two hundred seventy patients were included, of whom 237 completed the study. The treatment groups were comparable with respect to demographic parameters and severity of depression at baseline. No clear differences between the treatment groups could be shown with respect to response on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), the Zung Self Rating Scale, or the Clinical Global Impression of efficacy and severity. There was, however, a slightly higher response rate with respect to the anxiety/agitation subscale of the HAM-D in the 150-mg twice-daily group. In all groups, there was a marked and comparable response with respect to suicide ideation. There were no marked differences between the groups with respect to the type and frequency of adverse events. Tolerability was rated "good" or "excellent" in 93% of patients, and there was no appreciable change in blood pressure, pulse rate, or body weight in any of the treatment groups over the study period. The three dosage schedules of moclobemide studied are effective and well tolerated in the treatment of patients with MDE. Moclobemide, 150 mg twice daily, is the optimal initial daily dosage schedule.
 ...
PMID:Moclobemide twice daily in the treatment of major depressive episode: a double-blind, multicenter comparison with different three times daily dosage schedules. 759 29

This was an open study of moclobemide, 300 to 450 mg daily, as continuation treatment for 18 weeks, after a 6-week randomized, double-blind acute treatment period with moclobemide administered in three different dosage regimens. The primary antidepressant efficacy criterion was the total score on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Secondary efficacy criteria were the total scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety and the clinical global impression of illness, severity, and efficacy. The safety of moclobemide was assessed by the type, incidence, and severity of adverse events, as well as changes from baseline in vital signs. Moclobemide as continuation treatment of patients with major depressive episodes and comorbid anxiety was efficacious over a 6-month period. There was some additional antidepressant effect after 6 weeks of acute treatment, especially with respect to treatment response rates. Moclobemide was well tolerated, and no patient's treatment was terminated as the result of adverse events.
 ...
PMID:Moclobemide in continuation treatment of major depressive episodes: an open follow-up study over six months. 759 31

The treatment of depression in the elderly population needs a thorough and careful work-up and an aggressive therapeutic approach. Any treatment initiative in this population often becomes difficult because of accompanying physical illness, concomitant medication, possible degenerative changes in central nervous system and age-related altered metabolic status. Despite unevenness in research findings, pharmacological treatment remains the mainstay of management of depression among elderly people. Currently available antidepressants, although effective, are problematic because of the increased vulnerability of the elderly to side effects. Recent research efforts to improve the efficacy and safety of drug treatment of depression resulted in development of reversible and selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors of the isoenzyme A (RIMA), with antidepressant efficacy comparable to tricyclic antidepressants and newer generation antidepressants. RIMAs include moclobemide, brofaromine, toloxatone and cimoxatone. Moclobemide is the most investigated available RIMA for therapeutic use at present. Its absorption and disposition in elderly individuals do not differ significantly from those in young healthy volunteers and depressed patients. The results of present clinical studies show that, in elderly depressed patients, moclobemide is at least as effective as other antidepressants. Its particular advantage is, however, that it is as well tolerated in elderly people as in younger people. There are only few significant adverse events, and they are generally less frequent and less severe than those with TCAs. An additional attribute of moclobemide seems also to be its beneficial effect on cognitive functions.
 ...
PMID:Reversible and selective inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A in the treatment of depressed elderly patients. 771 92

The clinically tested reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A (RIMAs) include brofaromine, moclobemide and toloxatone. Moclobemide has shown unequivocal antidepressant activity against serious depressive illness in 4 placebo-controlled double-blind trials. It has been compared with amitriptyline, imipramine, clomipramine, desipramine, maprotiline, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, tranylcypromine, toloxatone, mianserin and amineptine in the treatment of depressive disorders. Meta-analysis showed convincing evidence of moclobemide efficacy, comparable with the most potent antidepressants available. The efficacy of moclobemide has been demonstrated in psychotic and non-psychotic depression, in depression with and without melancholia, in endogenous depression (both unipolar and bipolar), in retarded depression and in agitated depression. The efficacy of moclobemide, allied to the unusually benign side effect profile, has led to exploration of its use in other disorders. Two small studies have given encouraging results in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Large placebo-controlled studies have shown the activity of moclobemide in the depression that accompanies dementia (such as senile dementia of Alzheimer type). The results also suggested that, in this patient population, cognitive ability improved in parallel. Social phobia has also been shown to improve on treatment with either moclobemide or brofaromine. Clinical trials are in progress on the effect of moclobemide in chronic fatigue syndrome. Moreover, there are encouraging results with the use of brofaromine and moclobemide in panic disorder. Other disorders in which treatment with RIMA is of interest include agoraphobia, bulimia, borderline personality disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, compulsive hair pulling (trichotillomania), dysmorphophobia, kleptomania as well as various anxiety syndromes.
 ...
PMID:Reversible and selective inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A in mental and other disorders. 771 94

Moclobemide, p-chloro-N-[morpholinoethyl]benzamide, is a prototype of RIMA (reversible inhibitor of MAO-A) agents. The compound possesses antidepressant efficacy that is comparable to that of tricyclic and polycyclic antidepressants. In humans, moclobemide is rapidly absorbed after a single oral administration and maximum concentration in plasma is reached within an hour. It is moderately to markedly bound to plasma proteins. MAO-A inhibition rises to 80% within two hours; the duration of MAO inhibition is usually between eight and ten hours. The activity of MAO is completely reestablished within 24 hours of the last dose, so that a quick switch to another antidepressant can be safely undertaken if clinical circumstances demand. RIMAs are potent inhibitors of MAO-A in the brain; they increase the free cytosolic concentrations of norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine in neuronal cells and in synaptic vesicles. Extracellular concentrations of these monoamines also increase. In the case of moclobemide, increase in the level of serotonin is the most pronounced. Moclobemide administration also leads to increased monoamine receptor stimulation, reversal of reserpine induced behavioral effects, selective depression of REM sleep, down regulation of beta-adrenoceptors and increases in plasma prolactin and growth hormone levels. It reduces scopolamine-induced performance decrement and alcohol induced performance deficit which suggest a neuroprotective role. Tyramine potentiation with moclobemide and most other RIMA agents is negligible.
 ...
PMID:Biochemistry and pharmacology of reversible inhibitors of MAO-A agents: focus on moclobemide. 790 88


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>