Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to screen for depression among residents of six nursing homes in Sydney. Of the 61% who could answer the questionnaire, more than one third were depressed. Those who were physically disabled, and those admitted in the previous 3 months scored higher on the GDS. Many of the severely demented patients could be tested with the GDS.
 ...
PMID:A study of depression in nursing homes. 380 27

A survey was made of 274 non-institutionalized persons aged 70 and over living in Hobart. The prevalence of dementia and of depression was measured by interviewing subjects using a modified version of the Geriatric Mental State Schedule (GMS) (Copeland et al. 1976) and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) (Folstein et al. 1975). Rates of morbidity were derived from different diagnostic procedures. These were: diagnoses made by a psychiatrist (A.S.H.) directly from the interview schedules and audiotapes, and rated as mild, moderate or severe; the criteria laid down in DSM-III, converted into algorithms describing 3 degrees of severity; and the algorithms for pervasive dementia and depression proposed by Gurland et al. (1983), and from these authors' rational scales. In addition, the relation between scales for dementia and for depression and the diagnosed categories was examined. Some problems in applying these methods to aged persons in the community are discussed. It is concluded that more detailed specification of criteria is desirable if the comparative epidemiology of dementia and depression in old age is to advance.
 ...
PMID:Dementia and depression among the elderly living in the Hobart community: the effect of the diagnostic criteria on the prevalence rates. 408 Aug 81

Strips of muscularis mucosae from the oesophagi of cat, dog and opossum have been studied to determine their responses to drugs to electrical field stimulation. All tissues were contracted by acetylcholine, histamine and, with the exception of strips of muscularis mucosae from the opossum proximal oesophagus, noradrenaline. The effects of acetylcholine and histamine were competitively antagonized by atropine (50 nM) and mepyramine (50 nM) and were abolished by atropine (1 microM) and mepyramine (1 microM) respectively. Contractile responses to noradrenaline were competitively antagonized by phentolamine (50 nM) but were converted to propranolol (50 nM)-sensitive relaxations by phentolamine (1 microM). Relaxations were abolished by propranolol (1 microM). Cholecystokinin octapeptide, gastrin 1 and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide were ineffective on any of the tissues examined. Substance P caused contractions in tissue from all three species. These effects were atropine and tetrodotoxin insensitive. All tissues gave atropine (50 nM)- and tetrodotoxin (100 nM)-sensitive contractions in response to electrical field stimulation. Contractions were not followed by relaxations and spontaneous mechanical activity was not suppressed between periods of stimulation. No evidence was obtained for the presence of non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory innervation of the oesophageal muscularis mucosae in any species. During electrical field stimulation noradrenaline always reduced the amplitude of evoked contractions and, with the exception of tissue from proximal opossum oesophagus, increased resting tension. In opossum distal oesophageal muscularis mucosae, the effects of noradrenaline during electrical field stimulation were abolished by a 30 min pretreatment of the tissue with phentolamine (1 microM) and propranolol (1 microM). To Achieve this in all other tissues, it was also necessary to use yohimbine (1 microM). 7 In all tissues where noradrenaline caused a phentolamine (1 microM)-and propranolol (1 microM)- resistant depression of electrically evoked responses, clonidine produced a yohimbine (1 microM)- sensitive depression. 8 Evidence was obtained for the presence of excitatory alpha 1-and inhibitory alpha 2- and beta-adrenoceptors. Inter-species differences in their distribution are discussed.
 ...
PMID:A pharmacological study of oesophageal muscularis mucosae from the cat, dog and American opossum (Didelphis virginiana). 620 83

Following a brief review of the recent literature on dementia methodological problems in the assessment of intellectual disturbances, psychopathological syndroms and modifications of behaviour in dementia are discussed. The study deals with the course of illness of untreated patients suffering from senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Patients were investigated five times during a period of 35 days. Scales used were the SKT-FPB test system (Erzigkeit, 1977), the Sandoz Clinical Assessment Geriatrics (SCAG, Shader et al., 1974) and the Geriatric Rating Scale (GRS, Plutchik et al., 1970). The first test system measures brain performance were the SCAG and the GRS mainly deal with psychopathological and behavioural disturbances. For resp. five factors of SCAG resp. GRS could be separated through hierarchical cluster analysis. No significant difference between the values of the SKT-FPP test system and the two observer rating scales could be found at any time of the study. This also proved right when dementias were separated clinically into mild and severe forms. These two groups could only be differentiated by the SKT-FPP test system, the factor 1 (organic impairment) of the SCAG and the factor 4 (social maladaption) of the GRS. Following a separation of clinically ameliorated, worsened or unchanged patients at the end of the study significant differences could only be found in the values of the FP-standard points and the factors organic impairment, depression and social maladaption in the observer rating scales. The impression, that prognosis of patients with a statistically unstabile course (descriptively assessed by means of the sum of variances) would be different from patients with stabile courses could not be proven. Investigation by correlation statistics of the whole patient groups at the test points showed that the FP-standard points correlated only with the factors social maladaption and organic impairment. It is concluded that according to this data best assessment of the course of illness is by psychometric methods, i.e. the SKT-FPB test system in this study. Observer rating scales, frequently mentioned in the literature seem to be more inconsistent and problematic for the valuation of the course of illness of dementias. They also seem to be in sufficient to evaluate effects of therapy, a fact being of major importance when concerning their frequent use in psychopharmacological trials in demented patients. The study could also show, that the variation in course of illness of patients suffering from senile dementia of the Alzheimer type is so big, that grouping these patients leads to the loss of statistical differences of their illness.
 ...
PMID:[Brain performance and behavior in senile dementias of the Alzheimer type]. 659 81

The relation between the NOSIE (Nurses' Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation) and the BOP (Dutch version of the Stockton Geriatric Rating Scale) was studied in a psycho-geriatric sample. The results supported the hypothesis of a trans-cultural difference in the use of the NOSIE. Dutch nurses subsume personal neatness under social competence. Anglo-Saxons do not. The factor solution of the NOSIE, with the exception of the depression factor, was comparable with earlier Dutch research, and was interpreted as support for the notion, that the NOSIE is a reliable observation scale. The correlation between factor scales of the NOSIE and the BOP were significant, but of moderate range. This was taken to mean that there is limited convergent validity between the NOSIE and the BOP. A high correlation was found between the infirmity scale and other subscales of the BOP. The BOP as well as the NOSIE were able to purposefully distinguish diagnostic groups when an external criterium or mixed criteria were used. It was concluded that both the BOP and the NOSIE may supplement each other in psycho-geriatric research practice.
 ...
PMID:[Comparison between 2 behavior observation scales in psychogeriatrics. A closer look at the NOSIE and the BOP]. 665 27

Eighty-one geriatric consultations conducted on behalf of 71 patients (mean patient age 78 years, range 59-99; M34 , F37 ) at San Francisco General Hospital were analyzed. Seventy-nine per cent of requests were for medical or psychiatric evaluation; 19 per cent social; and 3 per cent rehabilitation. The authors made 50 new diagnoses, many of which identified conditions that adversely affected patients' functional levels, including cardiovascular disorders (8), medication effects (8), malnutrition (7), misdiagnosis of dementia (7), and gait disorders (4). Recommendations focused on treating those conditions whose alleviation could improve self-care ability: medication adjustment (62 per cent), management of dementia, delirium, or depression (59 per cent), rehabilitation (32 per cent), and treatment of malnutrition (30 per cent). Geriatric consultations resulted in rerouting 18 patients (51 per cent) from nursing homes to lower levels of care. Fourteen of these eventually returned home. By focusing on reversible conditions that affect patients' functional levels, geriatric consultation can improve the management of elderly patients and prevent unnecessary nursing home placement.
 ...
PMID:Geriatric consultation: a functional approach. 671 62

Fifty-three elderly women attending a day centre were interviewed and observed to examine hypotheses about depressive symptoms and behaviour. Observers were blind to interview findings. The Geriatric Mental Status Schedule (GMS) and Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist (MAACL) provided information on current symptoms and mood. Time-sampling was used to assess clients' level and type of engagement. No significant relation was found between 'disengagement' (absence of engaged activity) and symptom level. Those clients reaching the Feighner criteria for depression did not differ from other clients either in level of 'disengagement' or in type of engaged activity. Within the whole sample 'disengagement' was related to age and to self-reports of good health. 'Onlooking' was correlated with 'recent loss of interest' and self-blame'. Results are discussed in relation to behavioural formulations of depression and studies of engagement.
 ...
PMID:Engagement and depressive symptoms in a community sample of elderly people. 687 12

A new Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) designed specifically for rating depression in the elderly was tested for reliability and validity and compared with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRS-D) and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). In constructing the GDS a 100-item questionnaire was administered to normal and severely depressed subjects. The 30 questions most highly correlated with the total scores were then selected and readministered to new groups of elderly subjects. These subjects were classified as normal, mildly depressed or severely depressed on the basis of Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for depression. The GDS, HRS-D and SDS were all found to be internally consistent measures, and each of the scales was correlated with the subject's number of RDC symptoms. However, the GDS and the HRS-D were significantly better correlated with RDC symptoms than was the SDS. The authors suggest that the GDS represents a reliable and valid self-rating depression screening scale for elderly populations.
 ...
PMID:Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. 718 59

Either supportive counseling (SC) or cognitive training (CT) was used in an attempt to enhance the efficiency of a standard pharmacologic treatment for dementia, viz, dihydroergotoxine mesylate (DEM, Hydergine). DEM was administered orally to 21 moderately demented subjects, in a dosage of 1 mg three times daily; and SC or CT was conducted for one hour every two weeks for a total of 12 weeks. The CT was designed to enhance memory and other intellectual functions by the teaching of organizational schemes and mnemonic devices. Outcome measurements included the Sandoz Clinical Assessment-Geriatric (SCAG), a behavioral rating scale measuring selected symptoms and signs of dementia; the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD); and the Buschke Selective Reminding Scale (BSRT), a psychometric test of memory and learning. The DEM + CT group of patients improved more than did the DEM + SC group for the measures of memory and learning (BSRT). However, no differences between groups were noted for the HRSD or SCAG behavioral measures.
 ...
PMID:Senile dementia: combined pharmacologic and psychologic treatment. 720 12

The people influence of body weight on the climacteric symptoms of 618 selected women in spontaneous post-menopause has been studied bases on data collected at a Geriatric Centre and subsequently incorporated into a postal questionnaire. These cases were divided into 3 groups according to the "obesity degree": (I) less than 5 kg (53.1% of the cases);(II) between 5 and 15 kg (31.7%); and (III) greater than 15 kg (15.2%). The data were also analysed according to the socio-economic groups to which the women belonged. Overweight women, compared with thin women, seemed to suffer less "somatic" symptoms such as hot flushes and perspiration, independently of their socio-economic level. This might well be a consequence of the higher endogenous oestrogen activity. On the contrary, "psychic" symptoms (anxiety, depression, irritability, crying spells) seemed to be more frequent and severe (a) in the "obesity degree" sub-group III, compared with sub-groups I and II, in the women belonging to the higher socio-economic group, and (b) in the sub-groups I and III, compared with sub-group II, in the women belonging to the lower socio-economic group. Such a difference between the socio-economic groups is possibility due to cultural factors. The effects of endogenous oestrogens in the overweight women seem to be easily overruled by the influence of psychological factors.
 ...
PMID:Climacteric symptoms according to body weight in women of different socio-economic groups. 733 37


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10