Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A rat gastric fistula preparation has been developed for the ready and safe administration of water-insoluble drugs. Graded doses of five sedative hypnotics - pentobarbital, secobarbital, methaqualone, diazepam and chloral hydrate - were studied using this preparation and a behavioral scale. The effect of these drugs on respiratory rate was also studied. The rat gastric fistula preparation is a stable one which allows the execution of crossover studies lasting for several months. Valid assays were obtained in comparisons of pentobarbital, secobarbital and methaqualone using both total behavior scale scores (BSS) and depression of respiratory rate. Secobarbital was equipotent to and methaqualone one-fourth as potent as pentobarbital. The slope of the chloral hydrate BSS dose-response line was statistically significantly steeper than that of pentobarbital. The diazepam BSS dose-response line was not only significantly less steep than that of pentobarbital but a plateau was seen. Neither chloral hydrate nor diazepam produced a dose-related depression of respiratory rate. The rat gastric fistula preparation has thus proved useful in characterizing the pharmacologic profiles, dose-response relationship and relative potencies of sedative hypnotics.
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PMID:Use of gastric fistula rats for the study of sedative, hypnotic and antianxiety drugs. 611 42

Secobarbital is still widely used as a hypnotic and morphine as an analgesic perioperatively in surgical patients. Their combination is often used as a preanesthetic medication. Although their ventilatory depressant effect is recognized, the resulting blood gas changes have not been studied as yet adequately in a sufficiently large population of healthy volunteers. Therefore this study was undertaken. Thirty healthy volunteers who gave valid written consent were studied. Secobarbital 2.0 mg/kg intravenously caused a significant (P < .05) decrease in arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2), peaking at 10 minutes (n = 10; mean age, 23.4 years). Morphine, 0.2 mg/kg intravenously also caused a significant decrease in PaO2 at 5 minutes (n = 10; mean age, 26.3 years). The combination of the same doses of morphine and secobarbital caused a significantly (P < .01) greater decrease in PaO2 at 5 and 10 minutes than the sole administration of either drug (n = 10; mean age, 23.5 years). Arterial oxygen pressure remained significantly (P < .05) reduced for 30 minutes. Although the PaCO2 increases after secobarbital and morphine did not reach statistical significance, their combination caused a significant (P < .05) increase in PaCO2. Both secobarbital and morphine alone caused significant (P < .05) decrease in pHa at 30 minutes. Their combination caused a significant (P < .01) reduction in pHa from 5 minutes until 60 minutes. In conclusion, both secobarbital and morphine alone caused ventilatory depression. The duration of ventilatory depression was greater with the intravenous combination than with either drug alone.
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PMID:Effect of secobarbital and morphine on arterial blood gases in healthy human volunteers. 833 Dec 3

The aim of this study was to review retrospectively the safety and efficacy of a paediatric sedation protocol in a district general hospital radiology department. 256 children attended for CT scanning over a 40-month period. 40 children required sedation and were given quinalbarbitone. 34 (85%) of this group were adequately sedated. Of the children who received quinalbarbitone, 35 were under 5 years of age. 32 of this group (91.4%) were adequately sedated. Failures in children under 5 years were all caused by problems with administration whilst failures in the older children were due to paradoxical excitement. No problems with respiratory depression were encountered. Sedation can be safely performed in a district general hospital radiology department if a structured protocol is adhered to. Quinalbarbitone is a safe, effective oral agent in children under the age of 5 years.
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PMID:Paediatric sedation for CT scanning: the safety and efficacy of quinalbarbitone in a district general hospital setting. 1156 Aug 40