Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Phenothiazine-induced bone marrow depression (BMD) was evaluated in three separate but complementary data bases: (1) Among 1,048 patients admitted to psychiatric hospitals, there was no evidence of subclinical depression of the white blood cell (WBC) count attributable to phenothiazines used before admission. (2) Among 18,587 medical inpatients, there were 34 patients admitted for BMD in the absence of neoplasia or prior cytotoxic drug therapy; one of the latter reported using chlorpromazine hydrochloride, but it is doubtful whether this drug was the cause of the BMD. (3) Among 24,795 medical, surgical, and gynecological patients surveyed over a ten-month period in 1972, there were four who were admitted for BMD; one of the latter had a reversible leukopenia attributed to trifluoperazine hydrochloride.
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PMID:Outpatient phenothiazine use and bone marrow depression. A report from the drug epidemiology unit and the Boston collaborative drug surveillance program. 0 Sep 78

Various dysphoric states are seen both in mood depression and on taking opiates. On the hypothesis that opiate antagonists would alter mood level, naloxone (Narcan), 0.4--0.8 mg t.i.d., was given to five depressed patients in six trials for a duration of 6--12 days. The CSF endorphin and monoamine metabolite content was analyzed before and after naloxone treatment. We observed no positive effect on mood level. However, an abrupt worsening of symptoms was noted in two cases on discontinuation of treatment. Decreasing values of endorphin Fraction I as a result of treatment was noted as a general trend. Fraction II, although elevated, showed no distinct trend. 5HIAA increased in four of the six trials. The results suggest that naloxone treatment changes endorphin and serotonin activity, though not to a clinically observable extent.
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PMID:Naloxone (Narcan) treatment in depression: clinical observations and effects on CSF endorphins and monoamine metabolites. 41 58

Children with cancer experience a great deal of anxiety concerning their treatment and invasive tests such as bone marrow aspirations (BMAs) and lumbar punctures (LPs). Responses of pain, fear, and anxiety are well documented and may cause regression, developmental delay, sleeping and eating problems, nausea and vomiting, nightmares, and depression. Diagnostic and treatment procedures need not cause such adverse effects if sufficient pharmacological sedation, analgesia, and anesthesia are used. However, studies show that inappropriate interventions such as underdosing and limited use of medications occur because of certain myths, beliefs, and lack of pharmacological knowledge on the part of health professionals. Studies that specifically address premedication for painful procedures in children with cancer have shown that only a small percentage of children receive premedications and that there is no clear consensus or standard for either drugs or dosages. The issue of premedicating children before procedures remains controversial and deserves further investigation. This study explored the attitudes and perceptions of oncology physicians and nurses concerning medicating children before procedures. Findings showed that most pediatric oncology specialists medicate their patients before invasive procedures and that the most common premedications used are Versed; Demerol, Phenergan, Thorazine; chloral hydrate; Ativan; fentanyl; Demerol; and Xylocaine. Most pediatric oncology specialists believe that premedication is necessary for children for BMAs and LPs.
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PMID:Premedicating children for painful invasive procedures. 149 58

Studies of the effect of short-term, intense treatment with thymic hormone on mitogen response, cytotoxicity to EL-4 lymphoma and natural killer cell (NK) activity was investigated Balb/c nude mice (about 12-16-week-old) were treated 5 times per week for 3 weeks with: Facteur Thymic Serique (FTS) and Thymopentin (TP5, Thymopoietin 32-36) at 1 microgram and 10 ng; TM4 1 ng (an enzyme resistant variant of FTS); Thymosin Fraction V (TF5), 10 and 1 microgram; and 0.1 ml saline, and killed 2 days after the last treatment. The animals were monitored for changes in weight, hematocrit, peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) and spleen mitogen response. Additional groups of nude mice were immunized with 1 x 10(7) 5000 R irradiated EL-4 cells 10 days before sacrifice and tested for the presence of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL). The results show that weight and hematocrit were similar among the groups. Treatment with FTS significantly elevated the number of PBL. Spleen stimulation in mice treated with 1 microgram TP5 was depressed to mitogen concanavalin A (ConA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. The phytohemagglutinin (PHA) response was not different among the treatment groups. The PBL mitogen response to ConA and LPS was generally increased over saline control in the hormone treated groups but was not statistically significant. The PHA response was only slightly elevated. No CTL was generated in nude mice in any of the groups. However, there was a statistically significant general depression of NK activity in all of the hormone treated animals compared with saline. The results indicate that the basic differentiation defect of the T-cells of nude mice cannot be restored to full functional activity by short-term treatment.
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PMID:Effect of thymic hormone treatment on several immune functions of nude mice. 187 32

In alert rabbits, stimulation of posterior hypothalamus induced short-latency responses in the visual cortex and affected the formation of the EPs to light. Depending on the intervals between the stimuli, either initial extinction of the EPs (1-15 msec) or subsequent selective facilitation of its positive component with simultaneous depression of negative (20-100 msec) one, or complete recovery of the response (200-300 msec), were observed. Aminazine and benactizine made the effect of the posterior hypothalamic stimulation on visual EPs to light less obvious and changed its dynamics. Other findings suggested an inhibitory effect of the mesencephalic RF on the activity of hypothalamo-cortical input. A role of phasic mechanism of hypothalamic control in realization of visual cortex's perceptive function, is discussed.
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PMID:[The influence of the posterior hypothalamus on the visual cortex in different states of the reticular formation]. 217 93

Despite widespread use of a parenterally administered mixture of meperidine, promethazine, and chlorpromazine (Demerol, Phenergan, and Thorazine, DPT), there has been no systematic evaluation of its efficacy and complications in emergency department patients. We reviewed the medical records of all patients less than 16 years old who received DPT in our ED during the 24-month period ending December 31, 1987. Of 487 patients who received DPT, the maximum dose was 50/25/25 mg, respectively. Wound repair (69%) and fracture reduction (12%) were the two most common indications. Lacerations most commonly involved the face (65%) or digits (20%). Efficacy was not directly reported, but only eight patients received repeat sedation. Head injuries and a lower mean initial meperidine dosage were more prevalent in patients requiring repeat sedation (P less than .05). Three patients (0.6%) experienced significant complications. All had respiratory depression and received IV naloxone. An abnormal initial mental status examination or an underlying neurologic abnormality was significantly associated with complications (P less than .05). DPT appears to be a safe and relatively effective sedative for selected pediatric ED patients when administered as a ratio of 2:1:1 mg/kg, respectively. Complications are increased in patients with acute or underlying neurologic abnormalities.
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PMID:Intramuscular meperidine, promethazine, and chlorpromazine: analysis of use and complications in 487 pediatric emergency department patients. 271 64

The following are key factors to consider in assessing a patient for long-term neuroleptics: 1. Who--accurate diagnosis of schizophrenia is of primary concern. There are no good prognostic indicators other than a history of repeated relapses and positive responses to neuroleptics. 2. When and for how long--should always be considered for the patient who has had more than two acute episodes. The first year post-acute episode back in the community is extremely critical. Consider maintaining patient on tapering dosage of medication for at least four to five years. 3. What benefits--symptoms of acute psychosis respond, those of chronic defect state do not. Medication also can act as buffer against stress. 4. Dosages--standard range is the equivalent of 300-800 mg. of Thorazine for most patients. Dose range for depot administration of Prolixin decanoate is 25-62.5 mg. 2-4 week intervals. Differences within this range may not be important. Data about very low doses (one-tenth standard dose) and megadoses (4-5 times standard dose) are inconsistent. 5. Risks--extrapyramidal symptoms, tardive dyskinesia, and akinetic depression are the most prevalent risks. Extrapyramidal symptoms can often be controlled effectively with dosage reduction. However, anticholinergic drugs are the treatment of choice during acute phases, and for the first 3-5 months post-acute phase. Tardive dyskinesia rarely occurs after a few weeks or months, but occurs most commonly beginning after two years of drug treatment. The usual form is persistent, but transient forms also occur. The earliest signs are reversible in some patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Maintenance medication for chronic schizophrenics: risk/benefit assessment. 290 33

34 patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery were studied during postoperative period. Right ventricular performance was specially performed with use of cardiac output computer REF-1 Edwards Lab., before Anaesthesia (T1) and at 6 investigation times after surgery during and after mechanical ventilation. The sixth first postoperative hours were marked by a decrease of cardiac index (2.56 +/- 0.4 to 2.41 +/- 0.41.mn-1.m2) and right Ventricular Ejection Fraction (RVEF) (0.48 +/- 0.07 to 0.37 +/- 0.09). The second period was the weaning period with a further drop of RVEF (0.43 +/- 0.1 to 0.36 +/- 0.07) without change in cardiac index (2.80 +/- 0.51.mn-1.m2, suggesting a ventricular post-operative and weaning depression, as previously described for the left ventricle. In addition, postoperative tachycardia (Heart rate = 59 +/- 9 at T1 to 95 +/- 14 at T7) may contribute to myocardial ischemia.
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PMID:Evolution of right ventricular performance after CABG. 326 4

1) In the experiments reported here, we investigated effects of CPZ on the amplitude of cerebellar potentials using decerebrated or spinal cat; furthermore, we also examined the effects of microinjecting CPZ, DA or NE into the precerebellar nuclei on the amplitude of the cerebellar potentials. 2) Purkinje cell spontaneous discharge was either hardly changed or was depressed by CPZ. 3) CPZ did not change the potentials evoked by peripheral stimulation on the dorsal surface of the spinal cord. 4) CPZ depressed significantly the cerebellar potentials evoked by stimulation of the nucleus reticularis lateralis (LRN) or nucleus olivaris inferior (ION) in intact, decerebrated and spinal cats. 5) The cerebellar potentials evoked by the peripheral nerve stimulation were increased by microinjection of CPZ into the bilateral LRN but not into the bilateral ION. Microinjection of NE or CPZ into the contralateral LRN hardly influenced the cerebellar evoked potentials. 6) Although electrical stimulation at high frequencies of the ipsilateral LRN depressed significantly the cerebellar evoked potentials; similar stimulation after i.v. pretreatment of CPZ failed to affect them. Microinjection of CPZ into the ipsilateral LRN enhanced the cerebellar evoked potentials, and microinjection of NE or DA depressed them significantly. Furthermore, after pretreatment with CPZ, microinjection of DA failed to depress the potentials. 7) We suggest that intravenous CPZ-induced enhancement of the cerebellar potentials may be due to depression of the descending inhibitory mechanism, resulting from CPZ-induced blockage of the catecholamine receptors of the ipsilateral LRN and of the spinal level.
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PMID:Studies of chlorpromazine-induced enhancement of the potentials evoked by peripheral stimulation of the cat cerebellum. 365 85

Trazodone a triazolepyridine derivative is known for its therapeutic effect in the treatment of depression since early 60's. It has little catecholamine potentiation or anticholinergic action. It has been reported to have less severe cardiotoxic effect. Mild or transient as well as orthostatic hypotension may be its main cardiovascular complication. Additive hypotensive side effect following combined use of Trazodone and Phenothiazine in two hospitalized patients was observed and documented. Each case is detailed. While the mechanism of action of both agents and their effect on alpha 1 and alpha 2 adrenergic receptors has been described, some suggestions are made to explain a possible mechanism for the observed side effect. This finding might be implemented into further research work.
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PMID:Combination of trazodone and phenothiazines: a possible additive hypotensive effect. 380 6


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