Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Paired-associative stimulation (PAS), combining electrical median nerve stimulation with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with a variable delay, causes long-term potentiation or depression (LTP/LTD)-like cortical plasticity. In the present study, we examined how PAS over the motor cortex affected a distant site, the somatosensory cortex. Furthermore, the influences of PAS on high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) were investigated to clarify the origin of HFOs. Interstimulus intervals between median nerve stimulation and TMS were 25 ms (PAS(25)) and 10 ms (PAS(10)). PAS was performed over the motor and somatosensory cortices. SEPs following median nerve stimulation were recorded before and after PAS. HFOs were isolated by 400-800 Hz band-pass filtering. PAS(25) over the motor cortex increased the N20-P25 and P25-N33 amplitudes and the HFOs significantly. The enhancement of the P25-N33 amplitude and the late HFOs lasted more than 60 min. After PAS(10) over the motor cortex, the N20-P25 and P25-N33 amplitudes decreased for 40 min, and the HFOs decreased for 60 min. Frontal SEPs were not affected after PAS over the motor cortex. PAS(25/10) over the somatosensory cortex did not affect SEPs and HFOs. PAS(25/10) over the motor cortex caused the LTP/LTD-like phenomena in a distant site, the somatosensory cortex. The PAS paradigms over the motor cortex can modify both the neural generators of SEPs and HFOs. HFOs may reflect the activation of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons regulating pyramidal neurons in the somatosensory cortex.
 ...
PMID:Changes in somatosensory-evoked potentials and high-frequency oscillations after paired-associative stimulation. 1772 81

We wished to determine whether a screening test battery for cognitive impairment can be given practicably in a busy multidisciplinary ALS clinic, and to assess initial test performance in a sequentially drawn ALS population. We administered a word generation task (letter fluency), the Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBI), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to 49 ALS patients and their caregivers during a visit to our ALS clinic. We also computed Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale and ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) scores for patients. Pearson correlation coefficients and regression analyses assessed associations between outcome measures. The test battery took 30 min to administer. Word generation was associated with the FBI score (r = -0.36, p = 0.01), and time to ALS diagnosis (p = 0.01). Caregiver depressive symptoms (BDI) correlated with the FBI (r = 0.40, p = 0.005) and motor severity (r = -0.47, p<0.01) in patients. CDR scores were associated with behavioral abnormalities and lower ALSFRS-R scores. We concluded that a screen of cognition could be administered during multidisciplinary ALS clinics. Frontostriatal cognitive impairment may be associated with behavioral syndromes and more rapid forms of ALS. Behavioral and motor impairment is associated with depressive symptoms in caregivers. Studies with formal neuropsychological tests are needed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the screen in ALS.
 ...
PMID:A screening assessment of cognitive impairment in patients with ALS. 1785 14

We investigated the test-retest stability of resting EEG asymmetry and power in the alpha frequency range across a 0.6- to 3-year interval in 125 children (57 girls and 68 boys) for two age groups, 87 preschool children (3 to 5 year-olds) and 38 school-age children (6 to 9 year-olds). Children were from families with a parent's history of unipolar or bipolar depression (36 girls and 43 boys) or control families with no parent history of depression nor any other psychiatric disorder (21 girls and 25 boys). Frontal EEG asymmetry stability was low to moderate; intraclass correlations ranged from zero to 0.48 in the eyes-open condition, and from 0.19 to 0.45 in the eyes-closed condition. Also, parietal EEG asymmetry was low to moderate; intraclass correlations ranged from 0.21 to 0.52 in the eyes-open condition and from 0.27 to 0.72 in the eyes-closed condition. Stability of EEG asymmetry was not related to age, sex of the child, or parent's history of mood disorder. Frontal and parietal EEG power appeared moderately to highly stable. Intraclass correlations were between 0.65 and 0.86 in the eyes-open condition and between 0.52 and 0.90 in the eyes-closed condition. Although stability of EEG power was not statistical significantly different between preschool and school-age children, it consistently showed higher stability values in school-age children than in preschool children. Stability in school-age children approached values as has been reported for adults. The findings provide partial support to the concept of frontal EEG asymmetry as a trait marker in childhood.
 ...
PMID:Long-term stability of electroencephalographic asymmetry and power in 3 to 9 year-old children. 1804 15

Frontal-subcortical dementias are a heterogeneous group of disorders that share primary pathology in subcortical structure and a characteristic pattern of neuropsychologic impairment. Their clinical presentation is characterized by memory disorders, an impaired ability to manipulate acquired knowledge, important changes of personality (apathy, inertia, or depression), and slowed thought processes (or bradyphrenia). It also has marked frontal dysfunction. Classic frontal-subcortical dementias include Huntington chorea, Parkinson disease dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, thalamic degeneration, subcortical vascular dementia, multiple sclerosis, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia complex, depressive pseudodementia, and some other rare dementias like spinocerebellar degenerative syndromes, Hallervorden-Spatz disease, choreoacanthocytosis, idiopathic basal ganglia calcification, Guamanian parkinsonism-dementia complex, corticobasal degeneration multiple system atrophy, Wilson disease, metachromatic leukodystrophy, adrenoleukodystrophy, hypoparathyroidism, sarcoidosis, and other CNS inflammatory disorders. Anatomic data suggest that the frontal signs result from a disconnection of the frontal cortex from the basal ganglia. However, most frontal-subcortical dementias show cortical atrophy in later stages, and cortical dementias have subcortical pathology at some point. In fact, the concept might be seen as a continuum, and only the 2 extremes would be represented by pure cortical or subcortical pathology. Anyway, subcortical disorders may still be more similar to one another than they are to AD. Possibly, frontal-subcortical and cortical dementias are the description of the prior main target of the disease process, ending up in both cases in a global dementia. Although the dichotomy cortical versus frontal-subcortical dementia is not strict, the 2 concepts still seem to have advantages.
 ...
PMID:Frontal-subcortical dementias. 1833 39

Mitochondrial complex I appears to be dysfunctional in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) is a physiological cofactor of complex I. Therefore, we evaluated the short-term effects of CoQ(10) in PSP. We performed a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase II trial, including 21 clinically probable PSP patients (stage < or = III) to receive a liquid nanodispersion of CoQ(10) (5 mg/kg/day) or matching placebo. Over a 6-week period, we determined the change in CoQ(10) serum concentration, cerebral energy metabolites (by (31)P- and (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy), motor and neuropsychological dysfunction (PSP rating scale, UPDRS III, Hoehn and Yahr stage, Frontal Assessment Battery, Mini Mental Status Examination, Montgomery Asberg Depression Scale). CoQ(10) was safe and well tolerated. In patients receiving CoQ(10) compared to placebo, the concentration of low-energy phosphates (adenosine-diphosphate, unphosphorylated creatine) decreased. Consequently, the ratio of high-energy phosphates to low-energy phosphates (adenosine-triphosphate to adenosine-diphosphate, phospho-creatine to unphosphorylated creatine) increased. These changes were significant in the occipital lobe and showed a consistent trend in the basal ganglia. Clinically, the PSP rating scale and the Frontal Assessment Battery improved slightly, but significantly, upon CoQ(10) treatment compared to placebo. Since CoQ(10) appears to improve cerebral energy metabolism in PSP, long-term treatment might have a disease-modifying, neuroprotective effect.
 ...
PMID:Short-term effects of coenzyme Q10 in progressive supranuclear palsy: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. 1846 78

The mechanisms underlying depression remain elusive. We previously determined that alpha-synuclein (alpha-Syn) modulates the activity and trafficking of the norepinephrine transporter (NET) in a manner that is dependent on its interactions with microtubules (MTs). Here we sought to determine if alpha-Syn, or the other synuclein family members, beta-synuclein (beta-Syn) and gamma-synuclein (gamma-Syn), modulate NET activity in an animal model of depression, the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat. The NET-selective antidepressant desipramine (DMI) was chronically administered for 14 days to WKY rats and the strain from which it was outbred that does not show depressive-like behavior, the Wistar rat. This drug regimen induced significant behavioral improvements in the WKY, but not the Wistar rat, in the forced swim test. In WKY rats there was an overexpression of gamma-Syn which was reduced following DMI treatment. In parallel, DMI caused an increase in both alpha-Syn and NET in the frontal cortex. Frontal cortex synaptosomes from WKY rats were not sensitive to nocodazole, a compound that promotes MT destabilization. However, in WKYs treated with DMI, nocodazole induced an increase in [(3)H]-NE uptake. This trend was reversed in Wistars. Underlying these DMI-induced changes were alterations in the protein interactions between the synucleins and NET with the tubulins. These results are the first to implicate alpha-Syn or gamma-Syn in the pathophysiology of depression and suggest that targeting synucleins may provide a new therapeutic option for depression.
 ...
PMID:Desipramine modulation of alpha-, gamma-synuclein, and the norepinephrine transporter in an animal model of depression. 1880 64

Malignant middle cerebral artery (MMCA) infarction is associated with a mortality rate of 80% under conservative treatment. Decompressive hemicraniectomy (DH) reduces mortality and improves the functional outcome of surviving patients. The purpose of this study was to examine quality of life (QoL) and neurobehavioral deficits in patients with space-occupying infarctions of the right- or left-sided hemisphere at 6 months after stroke. The Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) was used to assess QoL in 19 out of 29 consecutive patients that underwent DH after a malignant MCA infarction (14 on the right and 5 on the left hemisphere). Behavioral changes were evaluated with the Frontal Behavioral Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory. Patients and relatives were also asked if, knowing the present outcome, they would agree again, in retrospect, to a DH. Barthel Index >60 was seen in 37% of our patients. Functional outcome was related to age. We found a higher reduction in the SIP's physical domain than in the psychosocial domain. Depressive symptoms were present in 50% of the patients. We didn't find significant differences in QoL or functional outcome between patients with right or left-sided infarctions. The most frequent neurobehavioral symptoms were decreased speech output, apathy, reduced spontaneity and irritability. Most patients and their relatives would again give consent to hemicraniectomy. The results show that younger patients had a significantly better outcome. QoL seems to be acceptable in both left- and right-sided infarctions, and retrospective agreement to hemicraniectomy is high in both patients and their relatives.
 ...
PMID:Quality of life and neurobehavioral changes in survivors of malignant middle cerebral artery infarction. 1928 45

To explore the relationship between depression and cognitive impairment in non-demented PD patients, we evaluated neurological and neuropsychological asset in 65 patients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (dPD) according to DSM-IV criteria and 60 patients without depression (nPD). Compared with nPD patients, dPD patients had significantly higher scores on behavioral rating scales and performed worse on the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Semantic Fluency Task, Copying Task (CT), and Stroop Test. Three dPD subgroups were identified based on the first two DSM-IV criteria: patients fulfilling criterion 1 (depressed mood; group 1); patients fulfilling criterion 2 (apathy/anhedonia; group 2); patients fulfilling criteria 1 and 2 (group 3). Patients of group 2 scored significantly lower than patients of group 1 on the CT, FAB and phonological fluency task. Patients of groups 2 and 3 scored significantly lower than nPD patients on visuoconstructional and frontal tasks. Similar results were obtained in dPD patients stratified in four subgroups based on cut-off scores of the Apathy Evaluation Scale and the Snaith Hamilton Pleasure Scale. In summary, PD patients with concomitant apathy and anhedonia may show more severe cognitive impairments. Since such patients are diagnosed to be affected by depression according to clinical DSM-IV criteria, we suggest that DSM-IV criteria may not distinguish an affective from a cognitive disorder in PD.
 ...
PMID:Relationship between depression and cognitive dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease without dementia. 1937 Mar 1

Efficacy of omaron (a combination of piracetam 400 mg and cinnarizin 25 mg) has been studied 3 months after stroke in 90 post-stroke patients. Forty-five patients receiving the basic therapy (antihypertensive and antithrombotic drugs, statins) have been included in the control group and 45 patients of the main group received in addition omaron (1 pill 3 times daily during 2 months). Intensity of neurologic disturbances, degree of disability, cognitive functions assessed by neuropsychological tests (the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Frontal Assessment battery, the Five words test, the Clock drawing test, the Schulte test) and emotional state (the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, the Spilberger scale) have been measured. During the period of the study, none of the patients had stroke or myocardial infarction. The improvement of indices of neurological status, decrease of disability degree and normalization of arterial pressure were found in both groups after 2 months of treatment. The significant improvement (p<0,05) of performance on tests for neurocognitive functions and parameters of emotional state was noted in patients treated with omaron compared to those of the control group. The good tolerability of omaron, absence of serious side-effect in combination with other drugs used for prevention of secondary stroke were reported.
 ...
PMID:[Use of omaron in patients with post-stroke cognitive disorders]. 1967 26

A consecutive series of 79 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease were assessed with a structured psychiatric evaluation, and diagnoses of apathy and depression were made using standardized criteria. Three-dimensional MRI scans were obtained from all patients, and images were segmented into gray matter, white matter, and CSF. White matter hyperintensities were edited on segmented images, and lobar assignments (frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital) were made based on Talairach coordinates. Patients with apathy showed a significantly larger volume of frontal white matter hyperintensities than patients without apathy. Patients with depression had a significantly larger volume of right parietal white matter hyperintensities than patients without depression. However, neither apathy nor depression was significantly associated with lobar gray or white matter atrophy. Frontal and right parietal white matter hyperintensities are the strongest brain structural correlates of apathy and depression in Alzheimer's disease.
 ...
PMID:Neuroimaging correlates of apathy and depression in Alzheimer's disease. 1977 4


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>