Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A patient under Taxol and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF, Neupogen) treatment for metastatic breast carcinoma of the liver experienced repeated suicidal depression on days 10 and 11 of therapy. MRI and MRS were performed during the fifth and sixth cycles of chemotherapy on days 1 and 10. The MRI was normal in all four examinations. The MRS showed normal levels of metabolites on days 1 of therapy, with remarkable reproducible declines in neurobiochemicals myo-inositol (23-27%), choline (20-24%), creatine (10-14%) and glutamate/glutamine (22-39%) on day 10 of therapy. The neurobiochemical declines coincided with the patient's experience of suicidal depression. Patients reporting depression during standard cancer therapy may be experiencing previously undocumented chemotherapeutic neurobiochemical imbalances or neurotoxicity.
 ...
PMID:Neurobiochemical changes from Taxol/Neupogen chemotherapy for metastatic breast carcinoma corresponds with suicidal depression. 901 96

The efficacy and safety of paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) administered as a 3-hour infusion was investigated in a phase II study involving 21 patients with stage III/IV non-small cell lung cancer. The study included two quality of life assessments (the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist) to test their suitability for use in a future randomized phase III trial of paclitaxel and best supportive care versus best supportive care alone. Four (19%) of the 21 patients (95% confidence interval, 8% to 38%) achieved a partial response. The median time to disease progression for all patients entered was 19 weeks. Paclitaxel was well tolerated, with dose reduction required in only one patient because of arthralgia/myalgia. No dose reductions, delays, or discontinuations were required for hematologic toxicity. Completion and compliance with quality of life questionnaires was high, and these research tools proved to be acceptable for future use in phase III studies with paclitaxel.
 ...
PMID:Single-agent paclitaxel in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: single-center phase II study using a 3-hour administration schedule. 933 Nov 11

The effects of agents modulating the cytoskeleton, taxol (microtubuli stabilizing), vinblastine (microtubuli destabilizing) and cytochalasin D (actin destabilizing) (10(-6) M each) on enzyme and ATP release as well as on irreversible cell injury were investigated in isolated perfused hypoxic and reoxygenated rat hearts. Enzyme (creatine kinase (CK)) and ATP concentration were assayed in the interstitial transudate and venous effluent. Irreversible cell injury was determined from trypan blue uptake and nuclear staining (NS) of cardiomyocytes in histologic sections. ATP release from nonneuronal cells was only detectable in the interstitial transudate and was not significantly altered by the agents. In controls total CK release (about 4% of total CK) exceeded the percentage of irreversibly injured cells by a factor of 8. Taxol and cytochalasin D abolished the hypoxia/reoxygenation induced interstitial CK release and reduced total CK release to a highly significant extent. The percentage of irreversible injured cells was even more diminished by these agents resulting in a ratio of CK/NS of 40. The effect of cytochalasin D apparently is the consequence of decreased contractile performance as shown by analogous depression by butonedione monoxine (BDM), whereas contractile activity was not altered by taxol. Vinblastine had no influence on CK release but increased the number of irreversibly injured cells significantly. In conclusion, cytoskeletal elements apparently participate in the hypoxia/reoxygenation induced process of release of cytosolic enzymes (CK) and irreversible injury in a different way and extent. Taxol exhibits a cytoprotective effect in isolated perfused rat hearts as evaluated by the extent of enzyme release and irreversible cell injury.
 ...
PMID:Relation between enzyme release and irreversible cell injury of the heart under the influence of cytoskeleton modulating agents. 954 Aug 43

Today, the first line of chemotherapy for ovarian cancer is Taxol-carboplatin (T-J), but there are some problems including severe bone marrow depression and severe neuropathy, so-called poor compliance cases. By changing the method of administering Taxol, the key drug in chemotherapy for ovarian cancer, it is possible to make compliance more better, continue therapies and look after patients' PS and QOL. We have considered weekly Taxol based chemotherapy for early stage recurrence cases and poor compliance cases; For example, weekly Taxol in combination with carboplatin (monthly) for poor compliance cases, severe bone marrow depression and the like, and Taxol by drip infusion for 24 hours in cases of peripheral nerve disorder (severe neuropathy). Especially, weekly Taxol combination with carboplatin (monthly), with takes advantage of the repeated administration of Taxol and one time administration of carboplatin, is a highly beneficial therapy for ovarian cancer. With this protocol we can reduce side effects and continue long-term administration on an outpatient basis.
 ...
PMID:[Practical use of taxol-based chemotherapy for poor compliance gynecologic cancers in Japanese woman]. 1266 98

Expression of the drug transport proteins, including P-glycoprotein (Pgp), in the brain vascular endothelium represents a challenge for the effective delivery of drugs for the treatment of several central nervous system (CNS) disorders including depression, schizophrenia and epilepsy. It has been hypothesized that Pgp plays a major role in drug efflux at the blood-brain barrier, and may be an underlying factor in the variable responses of patients to CNS drugs. However, the role of Pgp in the transport of many CNS drugs has not been directly demonstrated. To explore the role of Pgp in drug transport across an endothelial cell barrier derived from the central nervous system, the expression and activity of Pgp in bovine retinal endothelial cells (BRECs) and the effects of representative CNS drugs on Pgp activity were examined. Significant Pgp expression in BRECs was demonstrated by western analyses, and expression was increased by treatment of the cells with hydrocortisone. Intracellular accumulation of the well-characterized Pgp-substrate Taxol was markedly increased by the non-selective transporter inhibitor verapamil and the Pgp-selective antagonist PGP-4008, demonstrating that Pgp is active in these endothelial cells. In contrast, neither verapamil nor PGP-4008 affected the intracellular accumulation of [3H]paroxetine, [14C]phenytoin, [3H]clozapine or [14C]carbamazapine, indicating that these drugs are not substrates for Pgp. Paroxetine, clozapine and phenytoin were shown to be Pgp inhibitors, while carbamazapine did not inhibit Pgp at any concentration tested. These results indicate that Pgp is not likely to modulate patient responses to these drugs.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of the role of P-glycoprotein in the uptake of paroxetine, clozapine, phenytoin and carbamazapine by bovine retinal endothelial cells. 1596 Nov 25