Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Minoxidil, a new peripheral vasodilator, was used in the therapy of 26 hypertensives who were previously uncontrolled on conventional medications or who had dose-limiting side effects. Minoxidil provided (1) therapeutic advantages in all patients, regardless of the etiology of their hypertension, (2) no symptoms of orthostatic hypotension or sympathetic nervous system depression, (3) a simplification of medical regimens and perhaps costs, and (4) regression of impotence in four out of seven patients. The major limiting factors encountered were (1) fluid retention with the development of congestive heart failure in three patients, (2) pericardial effusion in three patients, and (3) hypertrichosis, which reduced its acceptability in female patients.
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PMID:Treatment of severe hypertension with minoxidil: advantages and limitations. 37 29

We examined the visceral blood flow distribution during infusion of three vasodilators at doses that produced similar depression of systemic arterial pressure. The studies were performed in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs using the radioactive microspheres technique. Minoxidil did not alter renal, total visceral, or visceral organ flow distribution with the exception of a modest increase in relative stomach blood flow. Nitroprusside increased the percentage of total visceral flow to the spleen and the hepatic artery. Dopamine increased blood flow to the stomach, intestine, and kidney. After phenoxybenzamine, the augmentation of stomach blood flow by dopamine was greatly increased, while blood flow to the splenic, pancreatic, and hepatic arteriolar vascular beds decreased. The decreases in blood flows may be due to decreased perfusion pressure in the absence of active vasodilation or to myogenic or metabolic autoregulation. Thus, at equivalent hypotensive responses, the vasodilator compounds that we studied produced markedly different patterns of visceral blood flow.
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PMID:Comparative splanchnic blood flow effects of various vasodilator compounds. 92 9

The direct cardiac effects of high-dose insulin (HDI) were assessed in 13 canine hearts supported by cardiopulmonary bypass. Isovolumic peak developed pressure (PDP, mmHg), coronary blood flow (CBF, ml/beat/100 g LV) and myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2, ml O2/beat/100 g LV) were determined during incremental left ventricular balloon inflation before and after functional depression by beta-blockade (0.2 mg/kg propranolol) or 2 hours cardioplegic ischemia at 28 degrees C. The 2 regimens gave an overall functional reduction of 46 +/- 3% and 42 +/- 2%, respectively. The hearts were then challenged with an aortic root bolus of 1000 IU insulin. A glucose clamp was maintained at physiological levels. Insulin reversed the negative inotropic effect of propranolol to 80% of control function and normalized heart rate. Despite the significant amelioration of systolic function by HDI, MVO2 indexed for cardiac effort did not change. Neither systolic function nor heart rate was changed in the ischemically depressed hearts. In conclusion, HDI reverses the negative inotropic effect of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade without augmenting oxygen utilization. Apart from effects ascribable to systemic vasodilation and metabolic shifts, no direct cardiac inotropic stimulation can be expected on the post-ischemically depressed, nondiabetic myocardium unless there is a persistent negative effect of beta-blockers.
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PMID:Direct effect of high-dose insulin on the depressed heart after beta-blockade or ischemia. 243 3

Triclosan (TCS) is one of the most common endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) present in household and personal wash products. Recently, concerns have been raised about the association between abnormal behavior in children and exposure to EDC during gestation. We hypothesized that exposure to TCS during gestation could affect brain development. Cortical neurons of mice were exposed in vitro to TCS. In addition, we examined in vivo whether maternal TCS administration can affect neurobehavioral development in the offspring generation. We determined that TCS can impair dendrite and axon growth by reducing average length and numbers of axons and dendrites. Additionally, TCS inhibited the proliferation of and promoted apoptosis in neuronal progenitor cells. Detailed behavioral analyses showed impaired acquisition of spatial learning and reference memory in offspring derived from dams exposed to TCS. The TCS-treated groups also showed cognition dysfunction and impairments in sociability and social novelty preference. Furthermore, TCS-treated groups exhibited increased anxiety-like behavior, but there was no significant change in depression-like behaviors. In addition, TCS-treated groups exhibited deficits in nesting behavior. Taken together, our results indicate that perinatal exposure to TCS induces neurodevelopment disorder, resulting in abnormal social behaviors, cognitive impairment, and deficits in spatial learning and memory in offspring.
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PMID:Perinatal Exposure to Triclosan Results in Abnormal Brain Development and Behavior in Mice. 3250 45