Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The evaluation of alcohol treatment services for women that emerged from the deliberations of the expert panel and RSA roundtable clearly documents the importance of interdisciplinary research. This research considers the particular social and physical context of women's lives and uses measurement tools and outcome measures appropriate for women. Development of gender-tested measurements, gender-relevant treatment services, and gender-appropriate outcome evaluations is necessary to ensure that women receive the services they need. The inclusion of women from geographically and ethnically diverse subject populations, as well as from subgroups who have traditionally been excluded from health research, is critical in the development of scientifically sound, research-based knowledge of the treatment of women with alcohol problems. The papers that follow include critical reviews of the literature by members of the expert panel, and these reviews were enriched by the roundtable discussion at RSA. Schmidt and McCarty evaluate the research on women supported on welfare. The unique challenges for pregnant women on Medicaid are discussed by Hankin, McCaul, and Heussner. The research on alcohol treatment specific to older women is critiqued by Blow, and the barriers and need for alcohol service for women in rural populations are discussed by Booth and McLaughlin. The relationships between substance abuse and violence are assessed by Miller, Wilsnack, and Cunradi. Finally, Sinha and O'Malley discuss critical gaps in understanding the impact on treatment outcomes of co-occurring disorders such as depression, anxiety, and eating disorders.
 ...
PMID:Women and alcohol problems: a critical analysis of the literature and unanswered questions. 1096 72

Rafael Rodriguez is an artist, activist, and Puerto Rican humanist. As an artist, he has explored various media, including drawing, painting, collage, recycled art and sculpture. He won first prize at the Woodstock Art-Rock Fair in 1969, and had exhibitions at the 1964-65 World's Fair in New York. He uses his art to expose fights for social injustice on a political level. In 1987, Rafael was diagnosed as HIV-positive. After a period of depression, he found in education the strength to rise above his fears and take control of his life. He now lives and works in New Jersey at a facility for persons living with AIDS. He became founder of the Red Ribbon Fellowship, and works with countless other organizations. He has recently returned to his art, which was on hold, as a means of conveying to the community his ideas and preoccupations. In 1987 he created five works which comprise his series called Anguish. They express life and death, the sacred and the profane, and the substance and the emptiness. Rafael uses various elements and diverse religious beliefs in a visual and plastic global vision of humanity and the individual.
 ...
PMID:[Rafael Rodriguez: artist and activist]. 1136 43

This article discusses the forms of sexual abuse of female children and the psychosocial impact on the well-being of girls in India. Child sexual abuse statistics reveal an estimated 50% of girls being sexually abused before the age of 15 years. Girl children are abused and then are made to feel personally responsible, guilty, or persecuted. Girls are threatened with violence if they tell about the sexual abuse. Pregnancies arising from sexual abuse result in shame and early marriage. Male children are also abused but they are not made to feel punished. Child sexual abuse is technically any sexual activity (rape, fondling of genitalia, masturbation, forced oral sex, sodomy, or vaginal penetration) that is committed by someone in a position of authority, power, or trust over the child or by a stranger. The World Health Organization estimates that 1 in 10 children worldwide is sexually abused. Rape within the family is particularly difficult for the victim. In almost 60% of rape cases, the victim was unwilling to report the name of the abuser. Families remain silent about sexual offenses in order to protect the family image. Mothers remain silent if the abuser is the father, which interferes with a child's relationship to both parents. Sexual abuse can result in bed wetting, nightmares, sleep disorders, depression, anxiety, running away from home, multiple personality disorders, precocious sexual behavior, or sexual inhibition and low self-esteem. Parental responses tend to be inappropriate discipline or ignoring it. Children may experience flashbacks or other long-term effects. Girls who experience sexual abuse once tend to be more vulnerable to abuse in adult life. Healing is slow and systematic. The first aim is to restore a girl's ability to say no and to teach her to protect herself. Healing is about removing guilt and resolution of the conflict between blame and the grossness of the violation.
 ...
PMID:Sexual violence and the girl child. 1215 3

This work examines the history of Haitian migration to the Dominican Republic, the central role of Haitian migration in Dominican society, working conditions of Haitian migrants in the Dominican Republic, and the relationship of the migration to economic development on the island of Hispaniola. Lack of data, the difficulty of measuring illegal movement, and the problem of defining Haitians in Santo Domingo have impeded understanding of migration to the Dominican Republic. It is believed by many authorities that Haitian migration to Santo Domingo is considerable and perhaps exceeds that to the US. Haitian migration to the Dominican Republic began after 1915 with the fall of the Haitian president, a worsening of economic conditions partly caused by stagnation in the agricultural sector, and the newly dominant role of the US in Haitian economic affairs. The Great Depression of the 1930s was a direct antecedent of the massacre of Haitians by Dominican police in which some 30 thousand persons were killed; the economic recession of the early 1980s has also caused an outburst of antiHaitian feeling in the Dominican Republic although 80% of laborers in the sugar industry are Haitians. Sugar is extremely important to the Dominican economy: in 1974, sugar covered 12% of cultivated land, produced 40% of foreign exchange earnings, and was responsable for 21% of taxable income. Dominicans however refuse to work in sugar plantations under the current technological. conditions and wage system. Although the government periodically demands the Dominicanization of the sugar work force, no such changes have been made. Sugar will probably continue to play a decisive role in the generation of foreign exchange despite introduction of more technologically advanced sectors which benefit from better prices in the international market. Possibilities of mechanizing sugar production in the Dominican Republic appear remote, and failure to modernize an important sector of the economy has explained migration of unskilled labor from poorer countries in more than 1 case. Under such circumstances, the extremely poor working conditions of Haitians in the Dominican Republic are not surprising. A 1983 investigation by the International Labour Organization indicated that salaries were low, that a large proportion was routinely diverted from the migrants, that hours of work were long with no regular rest and few days off, that few workers had any contractual protection, that forced labor recruitment occurred, that a rigid system of vigilance with armed patrols was used to keep the immigrants in the work camps, and that living conditions were substandard--in short, that Haitian workers were "neo-slaves". In addition, the Dominicans consider themselves racially and culturally superior to Haitians. The Haitian government, in return for payments from the Dominican Republic, does nothing to stop the abuses.
 ...
PMID:[Haitian migration to Santo Domingo]. 1217 14

The pill is discussed. Discovery of the pill was carried out by Dr. G. Pincus. He developed a substance called norethynodrel. Through Professor Marker's work progesterone was made available. Dr. Pincus and Dr. J. Rock started clinical trials with progesterone in Puerto Rico. The chief effect of progesterone in the 20 day pill is to prevent the release of the ripe egg. It also disrupts the normal sequence of hormones that make the lining of the womb receptive to a fertilized egg. Small amounts of a substance resembling estrogen are added to the progesterone to reduce the unpleasant side effects produced by progesterone. Oral contraceptives should not be used by women with thrombophlebitis, thromboembolic disorders, cerebral apoplexy or past history of these conditions, markedly impaired liver function, known and suspected carcinoma of the breast, uterus, and cervix, estrogen dependent neoplasms, jaundice, diabetes, congestive cardiac failure, epilepsy, or severe allergic conditions. It is also advised that oral contraceptives not be used by nursing mothers in the first 6 months and by those with vaginal bleeding. There are side effects to the contraceptives, and certain precautions should be taken before oral contraceptives are prescribed. Physical examinations should be carried out. The patient with history of psychic depression should be carefully observed on orals, and if severe depression occurs, use of the pills should be discontinued. British studies have shown higher mortality and hospitalization rates due to thromboembolic disease in oral contraceptive users than in nonusers.
 ...
PMID:The pill. 1225 8

Study was made of the psychological sequelae of 301 tubal sterilizations performed between 1959 and 1964 at the Lady Hardinge Hospital in New Delhi. The women were interviewed on aspects of their general health, sleeping habits, and evidences of depression and anxiety for 2-4 years after the operation. The women were divided into 2 groups for comparison: the 241 who had requested the procedure and the 60 who had had to be persuaded to have the operation. Mild psychological disturbances such as anxiety of insomnia were reported in 12.2% of the cases, and severe disturbances such as hysteria or severe depression were reported in 8.9% of the cases. There were more disturbances reported in the persuaded group than the willing group. No significant change was reported in the patients' sexual response after the operations, though those in the persuaded group had slightly less libido. Also those with altered libido in both groups showed much higher degree of psychological disturbance than those with unaltered libido. Dyspareunia was reported in 13% of the cases and menstrual disturbances in 26.8% of the cases. The persuaded group showed much higher rates of dysmenorrhea than the willing group. Some changes occurred in family happiness after the operation, both positive and negative. It is concluded that psychological disturbances are an important factor in dealing with sterilization procedures.
 ...
PMID:Psychological aspects of sterilisation in female. 1233 20

We have preliminarily investigated the hypothesis that sugar consumption may impact the prevalence of major depression by correlating per capita consumption of sugar with the prevalence of major depression. Major depression prevalence data (annual rate/100) was obtained from the Cross-National Epidemiology of Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder study [Weissman et al., 1996]. Sugar consumption data from 1991 was obtained from the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. For the primary analysis, sugar consumption rates (cal/cap/day) were correlated with the annual rate of major depression, using the Pearson correlation coefficient. For the six countries with available data for the primary analysis, there was a highly significant correlation between sugar consumption and the annual rate of depression (Pearson correlation 0.948, P=0.004). Naturally, a correlation does not necessarily imply etiology. Caveats such as the limited number of countries with available data must be considered. Although speculative, there are some mechanistic reasons to consider that sugar consumption may directly impact the prevalence of major depression. Possible relationships between sugar consumption, beta-endorphins, and oxidative stress are discussed.
 ...
PMID:A cross-national relationship between sugar consumption and major depression? 1241 36

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of stress management training on quality of life, functional capacity, and heart rate variability in elderly patients with New York Heart Association class I-III congestive heart failure (CHF). While substantial research exists on stress management training for patients with coronary heart disease, there are few data on the value of psychosocial training on patients with CHF. Thirty-three multiethnic patients (mean age, 66+/-9 years) were assigned through incomplete randomization to one of two treatment groups or a wait-listed control group. The 14 participants who completed the treatment attended eight training sessions during a 10-week period. The training consisted of 75-minute sessions adapted from the Freeze-Frame stress management program developed by the Institute of HeartMath. Subjects were assessed at baseline and again at the completion of the training. Depression, stress management, optimism, anxiety, emotional distress, and functional capacity were evaluated, as well as heart rate variability. Significant improvements (p<0.05) were noted in perceived stress, emotional distress, 6-minute walk, and depression, and positive trends were noted in each of the other psychosocial measures. The 24-hour heart rate variability showed no significant changes in autonomic tone. The authors noted that CHF patients were willing study participants and their emotional coping and functional capacity were enhanced. This program offers a simple and cost-effective way to augment medical management of CHF. Given the incompleteness of CHF medical management and the exploding interest in complementary medical intervention, it seems imperative that further work in psychosocial treatment be undertaken.
 ...
PMID:A controlled pilot study of stress management training of elderly patients with congestive heart failure. 1241 24

Neuropsychological assessments were performed on 70 patients referred after a Catacarb chemical release in a Northern California town. After appropriate exclusions, the 59 patients used in the final analysis were mostly White (66%), with 56% having some college level education. They were administered the: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R), Memory Assessment Scale (MAS), Trails A and B, Stroop, Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), Fingertapping Test, Purdue Pegboard, Dynamometer, Rey 15-Item Test, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2), Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), Beck Depression Index (BDI), Profile of Mood States (POMS), and Impact of Events Scale (IES) scales in addition to a health questionnaire and symptom checklist. Results indicate impaired scores on mnestic function and information processing when compared to Heaton's (1992) normative data, and the MAS norms (Williams, 1991). MMPI-2, BSI, BDI, POMS, and IES results indicate significant elevations on scales of depression, anxiety, anger, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The more brief tests of affect and mood appear sufficiently sensitive in measuring the dysphoric mood in group research studies. Clinical diagnoses using criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria indicate a prevalence of 54% PTSD and 64% Amnestic or Cognitive disturbance. New onset of dermatological, respiratory, visual, and gastrointestinal symptoms and illnesses are consistent with the chemical exposure, the PTSD may be in reaction to it, and Amnestic/Cognitive disturbance, from both an organic and functional etiology.
 ...
PMID:Amnestic disturbance and posttraumatic stress disorder in the aftermath of a chemical release. 1459 Jun 10

Deep and superficial flexor muscles in the crayfish abdomen are innervated respectively by small populations of physiologically distinct phasic and tonic motoneurons. Phasic motoneurons typically produce large EPSP's, releasing 100 to 1000 times more transmitter per synapse than their tonic counterparts, and exhibiting more rapid synaptic depression with maintained stimulation. Freeze-fracturing the abdominal flexor muscles yielded images of phasic and tonic synapse-bearing terminals. The two types of synapse are qualitatively similar in ultrastructure, displaying on the presynaptic membrane's P-face synaptic contacts recognized by relatively particle-free oval plaques which are often framed by the muscle fiber's E-face leaflet with its associated receptor particles. Situated within these presynaptic plaques are discrete clusters of large intramembrane particles, forming active zone (AZ) sites specialized for transmitter release. AZs of phasic and tonic synapses are similar: 80% had a range of 15-40 large particles distributed in either paired spherical clusters or in linear form, with a few depressions denoting sites of synaptic vesicle fusion or retrieval around their perimeters. The packing density of particles is similar for phasic and tonic AZs. The E-face of the muscle membrane displays oval-shaped receptor-containing sites made up of tightly packed intramembranous particles. Phasic and tonic receptor particles are packed at similar densities and the measured values resemble those of several other crustacean and insect neuromuscular junctions. Overall, the similarity between phasic and tonic synapses in the packing density of particles at their presynaptic AZs and postsynaptic receptor surfaces suggests similar regulatory mechanisms for channel insertion and spacing. Furthermore, the findings suggest that morphological differences in active zones or receptor surfaces cannot account for large differences in transmitter release per synapse.
 ...
PMID:Active zones and receptor surfaces of freeze-fractured crayfish phasic and tonic motor synapses. 1461


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>