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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neuropathic pain is a chronic condition that is challenging to treat. It often produces considerable physical disability and emotional distress. Patients with neuropathic pain often experience depression and anxiety both of which are known to be temporally correlated with noradrenergic dysfunction in the locus coeruleus (LC) as pain becomes chronic. Antidepressants are the first-line drug therapy for neuropathic pain, and the LC represents a potential target for such therapy. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine (DMI, a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor) in preventing or relieving the noradrenergic impairment induced by neuropathic pain. The treatment started before or after the onset of the anxiodepressive phenotype ("early or late treatment") in adult rats subjected to chronic sciatic constriction. Electrophysiological and western blotting assays showed LC dysfunction (increased bursting activity, alpha2-adrenoceptor sensitivity, tyrosine hydroxylase, and noradrenaline transporter expression) in chronic constriction injury at long term. These noradrenergic changes were concomitant to the progression of anxiety and despair-like features. Desipramine induced efficient analgesia, and it counteracted the despair-like behavior in chronic constriction injury-DMI animals, reducing the burst rate and tyrosine hydroxylase expression. Surprisingly, "early" DMI treatment did not modify pain-induced anxiety, and it dampened pain aversion, although these phenomena were abolished when the treatment commenced after noradrenaline impairment had been established. Hence, DMI seems to produce different outcomes depending when the treatment commences, indicating that the balance between the benefits and adverse effects of DMI therapy may shift as neuropathy progresses.
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PMID:The onset of treatment with the antidepressant desipramine is critical for the emotional consequences of neuropathic pain. 3013 Mar 2

Wheat is the most common concentrate fed to grazing dairy cows in Australia, but no studies have examined the effects of wheat proportion in a pasture-based diet on milk production and methane emissions. In this 47-d experiment, 32 Holstein dairy cows were offered 1 of 4 diets during d 1 to 36. Cows in each of the dietary treatment groups were individually offered no wheat (W0) or wheat at 3 kg of dry matter (DM)/d (W3), 6 kg of DM/d (W6), or 9 kg of DM/d (W9). The remainder of the diet was 2.2 kg of DM of concentrate mix and freshly harvested perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) such that all individual cows were offered a total diet of approximately 20.2 kg of DM/d. From d 37 to 47 the diets of cows receiving treatments W0 and W3 remained unchanged, but cows in treatments W6 and W9 received the W3 diet. Individual cow feed intakes, milk yields, milk compositions, and methane emissions were measured for d 31 to 35 (period 1) and d 45 to 47 (period 2). During period 1, the mean intakes of cows offered the W0, W3, W6, and W9 diets were 19.2, 20.4, 20.2, and 19.8 kg of DM/d. Diet caused differences in energy-corrected milk, and means for W0, W3, W6, and W9 were 29.5, 32.4, 33.0, and 32.9 kg/d, respectively. Milk fat percentage differed with respective means of 3.93, 3.94, 3.69, and 3.17. Diets also caused differences in methane emissions, with means for W0, W3, W6, and W9 of 440, 431, 414, and 319 g/d. During period 1, the cows fed the W9 diet produced less methane and had lower methane yields (g/kg of DMI) and intensities (g/kg of energy-corrected milk) than cows fed the W3 diet. However, in period 2 when the wheat intake of cows in the W9 treatment was reduced to the same level as in the W3 treatment, their methane emissions, yields, and intensities were similar to those offered the W3 treatment, yet protozoa numbers in ruminal fluid were still much lower than those in cows offered the W3 treatment. Our research shows that for diets based on perennial ryegrass and crushed wheat, only the diet containing more than 30% crushed wheat resulted in substantially depressed milk fat concentration and reduced methane emissions, methane yield, and methane intensity. Thus, although feeding a diet with a high proportion of wheat can cause substantial methane mitigation, it can come at the cost of depression in milk fat concentration.
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PMID:Influence of proportion of wheat in a pasture-based diet on milk yield, methane emissions, methane yield, and ruminal protozoa of dairy cows. 3188 19


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