Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Multiparous (n = 26) and primiparous (n = 18) Holstein cows were fed prepartum and postpartum total mixed diets that were, or were not, supplemented with a yeast culture (YC) for approximately 23 d prepartum and 56 d postpartum. Multiparous cows supplemented with YC selected a prepartum diet higher in CP than did unsupplemented cows, although prepartum performance of cows of both parities, as assessed by DMI and measures of body status, was not influenced by YC. The extent of the prepartum DMI depression was not influenced by YC supplementation in cows of either parity. An intake behavior study with six multiparous cows suggested that cows supplemented with YC exhibited repeated diurnal feed intake patterns until approximately 7 d prepartum, vs 10 d prepartum for unsupplemented cows. Cows of both parities supplemented with YC had numerically higher DMI and production of milk and milk components, although only DMI for multiparous cows and milk production for primiparous cows approached statistical significance. Intake behavior results suggested that cows supplemented with YC achieved repeated diurnal feed intake patterns by approximately 14 d postpartum, vs 20 d postpartum for unsupplemented cows. Concentrations of ruminal metabolites and pH did not differ between treatments, although ruminal fluid collection occurred while diurnal feed intake patterns were repeated (regular). Overall, our results can be interpreted to support a trend toward a modest postpartum improvement in performance of primiparous and multiparous cows supplemented with this YC for 23 d prepartum and 56 d postpartum. However, primiparous cows seemed to achieve this modest overall improvement primarily through enhanced postpartum DMI, whereas in multiparous cows it was due almost equally to enhanced postpartum DMI and higher energy density of the diet.
 ...
PMID:Effect of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on adaptation of cows to postpartum diets and on lactational performance. 1032 67

Our data indicate that the proinflammatory cytokine, IL-1alpha inhibits GR translocation and hormone-induced GR-mediated gene transcription, and, in conjunction with previous in vivo and in vitro studies, can be interpreted to suggest that cytokines have the capacity to contribute to glucocorticoid resistance and thus the pathophysiology of depression. In addition, data from our mouse viral studies in glucocorticoid deficient animals demonstrate that endogenous glucocorticoids modulate a delicate balance between viral defense and cytokine toxicity. Finally, the antidepressant, DMI, has been found to enhance GR translocation and GR-mediated gene transcription and thus may provide a useful strategy for adjusting neuroendocrine setpoints in vivo. Taken together, these findings suggest that factors which modulate glucocorticoid action (e.g. cytokines and antidepressants) will be relevant contributors to disease expression including behavioral toxicity and sickness behavior.
 ...
PMID:Effects of cytokines on glucocorticoid receptor expression and function. Glucocorticoid resistance and relevance to depression. 1044 70

An experiment was conducted to determine if initiation of milking 10 d prior to expected calving could prevent fatty liver by circumventing intake depression and by providing an alternative route for fatty acid metabolism. Prepartum milking tended to increase DMI before calving; liver triglyceride, plasma nonesterified fatty acids, and milk yield were not affected.
 ...
PMID:Short communication: effects of prepartum milking on dry matter intake, liver triglyceride, and plasma constituents. 1065 64

In rats, circulating corticosterone and insulin are involved in regulation of the hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) system, which in turn, is involved in regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Since the HPA axis and stress responsivity is altered in diseases such as depression, we investigated interactions between the effects of stress and antidepressant drug treatment on arcuate nucleus and locus coeruleus NPY mRNA expressions using in-situ hybridization histochemistry. After acute (2 h) and repeated immobilization (2 h daily, for 14 days), plasma concentrations of corticosterone increased, and those of insulin decreased. The expression of NPY mRNA was significantly increased in the arcuate nucleus, but was unchanged in the locus coeruleus following acute and repeated immobilization. Adrenalectomized rats with systemic corticosterone replacement (ADX+CORT), whose corticosterone concentration was maintained at approximately 50-100 ng/ml during repeated stress, showed a decrease in plasma insulin and an increase in arcuate nucleus NPY mRNA similar to that observed in sham rats, suggesting that changes in NPY mRNA levels are more closely tied to circulating insulin than to circulating corticosterone. In contrast, locus coeruleus NPY mRNA expressions in ADX+CORT rats were significantly higher than those in sham rats after repeated stress. Desmethylimipramine (DMI) treatment for 24 days did not affect basal plasma concentrations of corticosterone or insulin, or arcuate nucleus NPY mRNA expressions, but significantly decreased basal levels of locus coeruleus NPY mRNA compared to saline-treated rats. After repeated immobilization (2 h daily, for 4 days), DMI significantly reduced the stress-induced rise in locus coeruleus NPY mRNA levels, but potentiated the stress-induced rise in arcuate nucleus NPY mRNA expression. These results demonstrate that: (1) the increase in arcuate nucleus NPY mRNA expressions in stressed rats closely follows the decrease in plasma concentrations of insulin; (2) increases in NPY mRNA expressions occur in the absence of changes in plasma corticosterone; and (3) desipramine treatment potentiated the effect of stress on arcuate nucleus NPY mRNA expressions, but blocked the repeated stress-induced increase in locus coeruleus NPY mRNA expressions. Thus, NPY mRNA expression in the arcuate nucleus and the locus coeruleus is sensitive to the effects of stress and to the antidepressant drug desipramine, but the arcuate nucleus NPY system is regulated by different mechanisms than the locus coeruleus NPY system. The results provide further evidence for the importance of circulating insulin in the regulation of the arcuate nucleus NPY system.
 ...
PMID:Differential regulation of neuropeptide Y mRNA expression in the arcuate nucleus and locus coeruleus by stress and antidepressants. 1079 76

In order to study the main effects of particle size, three ruminally fistulated cows (550 to 580 kg BW) were fed a constant low concentrate level (3.56 kg DM/d, 20% of total DMI) and a fibre-rich hay (approximately 60% NDF in DM) in long (28.7 mm), chopped (9.2 mm) and fine ground (2.9 mm) form in a 3 x 3 Latin square design. In another three factorial experiment with 8 wethers (4 animals were ruminally fistulated, mean BW = 68 kg) the main effects and interactions of the above mentioned hay particle sizes at two concentrate levels (10.4 to 13.3% and 29.5 to 40.1% of DMI, resp.) and two intake levels (restricted and ad libitum) were investigated. In comparison to long hay (28.7 mm), feeding of chopped hay (9.2 mm) at low concentrate levels, increased not only the hay intake (7% in dairy cows and 13% in sheep) but also the intake of digestible organic matter (12% in dairy cows and 32% in sheep), due to an increase in the apparent digestibility of OM by 3.8% in dairy cows and 8.2% in sheep. Ad libitum feeding of fine ground hay in combination with low concentrate amount in the ration increased the passage rate in the hindgut and consequently the hay intake, but not the intake of DOM, due to a significant depression of digestibility, especially of fibre fractions (4 to 7% in dairy cows and 4.5 to 14% in sheep), in comparison to 28.7 and 9.2 mm hay particle sizes. The digestibility decreased significantly with restricted feeding of fine ground hay in sheep only in comparison to 9.2 mm particle size. A threefold increase of concentrate amount leveled out all effects of the particle size reduction. The effect of particle size was more pronounced in sheep than in dairy cows.
 ...
PMID:Influence of hay particle size at different concentrate and feeding levels on digestive processes and feed intake in ruminants. 2. Passage, digestibility and feed intake. 1186 70

This is a case report of a 35-year old man whose fertility status was severely impaired by a past history of bilateral testicular torsion, use of numerous psychotropic drugs, and the presence of a left varicocele. A moderate improvement in the semen quality occurred following discontinuation of the medications, but a significant reponse was not evident until a varicocelectomy was performed. Thereafter, repeated semen analyses revealed normal findings except for a marked depression of sperm motility when the patient took Norpramin, a psychoactive drug. Seminal factors were consistently normal when this medication was withheld. Ultimately, when the patient agreed not to take the Norpramin for 9 months, his semen quality remained normal and his wife conceived and delivered a normal male child.
 ...
PMID:Psychotropic drug induced male infertility: a case report. 1226 6

The present study evaluated the possible antidepressant-like action of the natural estrogen 17beta-estradiol (E(2), 2.5-10 microg/rat), the synthetic steroidal estrogen ethinyl-estradiol (EE(2), 1.25-10.0 microg/rat), and the nonsteroidal synthetic estrogen, diethyl-stilbestrol (DES, 0.25-1.0 mg/rat) in ovariectomized adult female Wistar rats using the forced swimming test (FST). The behavioral profile induced by the estrogens was compared with that induced by the antidepressants fluoxetine (FLX, 2.5-10 mg/kg) and desipramine (DMI, 2.5-10 mg/kg). In addition, the temporal course of the antidepressant-like action of the estrogenic compounds was analyzed. FLX and DMI induced an antidepressant-like effect characterized by a reduced immobility and increased swimming for FLX and decreased immobility and increased climbing for DMI. Both E(2) and EE(2) produced a decrease in immobility and an increase in swimming, suggesting an antidepressant-like action. DES did not affect the responses in this animal model of depression at any dose tested. The time course analysis of the actions of E(2) (10 microg/rat) and EE(2) (5 microg/rat) showed that both compounds induced an antidepressant-like effect observed 1 h after their injection lasting for 2-3 days.
 ...
PMID:Antidepressant-like effect of different estrogenic compounds in the forced swimming test. 1263 49

Psychopathological disorders, and depression in particular, are strongly linked to eating attitude in obese patients. The identification of cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1Rs) in areas of the central nervous system (CNS) that have been implicated in regulation of mood and food intake suggests that these receptors may mediate such a behavioral link. The goal of this study was to evaluate CB1R modulation of antidepressant-like effects and food intake. For this purpose, 129/SVE and C57BL/6 male mice were acutely dosed intraperitoneally (i.p.) with the CB1R inverse agonist AM251 (3-30 mg/kg) and tested, respectively, in the tail-suspension test (TST) and in the forced-swim test (FST), which have been used widely as tests sensitive to antidepressant compounds. Like the antidepressant desipramine (DMI, 16 mg/kg), AM251 significantly reduced immobility at 10 mg/kg in the TST and at 1 and 10 mg/kg in the FST. Such a decrease of immobility was not accompanied by an increase in motor activity in the open field, suggesting that occupancy of CB1R by AM251 induced antidepressant-like effects. This was supported by two additional experiments. First, the co-administration of the CB1R agonist CP55940, at a dose that did not induce motor impairment or profound hypothermia (0.01 mg/kg), reversed effects of AM251 in the TST. Secondly, effects of AM251 in the FST were absent in CB1R knockout (KO) mice. In addition to an antidepressant-like effect, AM251 reduced fasting-induced hyperphagia over a comparable dose range. Taken together, these data suggest that regulation of mood and food intake might be obtained through inverse agonism of CB1R.
 ...
PMID:Antidepressant-like and anorectic effects of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor inverse agonist AM251 in mice. 1466 74

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of including alfalfa preserved either as silage or long-stem or chopped hay on DMI and milk fat production of dairy cows fed corn silage-based diets with supplemental tallow (T). Fifteen Holstein cows that averaged 117 DIM were used in a replicated 5 x 5 Latin square design with 21-d periods. Treatments (DM basis) were: 1) 50% corn silage:50% concentrate without T (CS); 2) 50% corn silage:50% concentrate with 2% T (CST); 3) 25% corn silage:25% short-cut alfalfa hay:50% concentrate with 2% T (SAHT); 4) 25% corn silage:25% long-cut alfalfa hay:50% concentrate with 2% T (LAHT); and 5) 25% corn silage:25% alfalfa silage:50% concentrate with 2% T (AST). Cows were allowed ad libitum consumption of a TMR fed 4 times daily. Diets averaged 16.4% CP and 30.3% NDF. Including 2% T in diets with corn silage as the sole forage source decreased DMI and milk fat percentage and yield. Replacing part of corn silage with alfalfa in diets with 2% T increased milk fat percentage and yield. The milk fat of cows fed CST was higher in trans-10 C18:1 than that of cows fed diets with alfalfa. No effect of alfalfa preservation method or hay particle length was observed on DMI and milk production. The milk fat percentage and yield were lower, and the proportion of trans-10 C18:1 in milk fat was higher for cows fed LAHT than for cows fed SAHT. Alfalfa preservation method had no effect on milk fat yield. Ruminal pH was higher for cows fed alfalfa in the diets, and it was higher for cows fed LAHT than SAHT. Feeding alfalfa silage or chopped hay appears to be more beneficial than long hay in sustaining milk fat production when 2% T is fed with diets high in corn silage. These results support the role of trans fatty acids in milk fat depression.
 ...
PMID:Effect of alfalfa forage preservation method and particle length on performance of dairy cows fed corn silage-based diets and tallow. 1520 50

The 10-item Depression in the Medically Ill (DMI-10) screening measures has been demonstrated to be useful in medically ill and general practice patients. Its usefulness as a screening or monitoring measure in depressed psychiatric out-patients is now reported. One hundred subjects-currently depressed or recovered from a recent episode-completed the measure, with scores for those 69 currently meeting DSM-IV depression caseness criteria compared with 31 non-depressed subjects. A cut-off score of 10 or more had high sensitivity and specificity for discriminating between 'cases' and 'non-cases'. The discriminating capacity of each item was also quantified. We conclude that the DMI-10 is brief, gender non-specific and less intrusive than many depression screening measures in clinical practice with depressed patients, with the currently established cut-off score similar to that established in medically ill samples. Analyses suggest useful items for clinicians to determine depression caseness status.
 ...
PMID:Capacity of the 10-item Depression in the Medically Ill screening measure to detect depression 'caseness' in psychiatric out-patients. 1529 28


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>