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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients at various stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection require rehabilitation services. These patients present problems for each of the disciplines in a rehabilitation team, and all team members must confront the psychosocial and ethical issues involved with the disease. Patients with HIV infection may have polyneuropathy with multisystem involvement, including dysphagia, autonomic dysfunction, respiratory failure, bowel and bladder dysfunction, generalized weakness, a painful sensory neuropathy, and depression. Guidelines are presented for determining if inpatient rehabilitation or other settings are appropriate. Case management is a valuable strategy for the rehabilitation of patients with this complicated disorder.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus infection and diffuse polyneuropathy. Implications for rehabilitation medicine. 186 48

Major depression disease is uncommon in children; it occurs mostly in children with a depressed parent or in children under major psychosocial stress such as physical or sexual abuse. Most depression in children is masked, i.e., the child presents with signs or symptoms such as headaches, abdominal pain, muscle weakness, vomiting, dizziness, hyperactivity, or school avoidance. Careful evaluation of the history is required to assist in the diagnosis. Some basic laboratory tests should be done to rule out organic disease. Psychiatric referral should be carried out after an appropriate evaluation.
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PMID:Depression and chronic fatigue in children. A masquerade ball. 187 11

Depression and chronic fatigue are frequently associated with heart disease. They may precede the onset of myocardial infarction, singly or together, and increase the morbidity and mortality of patients with a history of MI. Virtually all such patients have a transient depression, usually accompanied by anxiety, with onset soon after hospitalization. Although this depression is transient and usually abates spontaneously, it frequently warrants therapeutic intervention. Psychosocial and personality factors play a significant role in the recovery of a patient with a cardiac condition. The clinician must be alert for the effects of changing roles within the family and behaviors that may lead to chronic invalidism. Anxiety disorders, often combined with depression, may mimic cardiac disease and may result from it, leading to chronic fatigue and weakness. Proper diagnosis usually leads to considerable improvement. Cardiac drugs, in addition to many others, may produce depression and fatigue that may be misdiagnosed. Often, discontinuing or changing a medication will lead to marked diminution of such symptoms. Observational and listening skills are key ingredients of the "art" of medicine; they can lead to interventions that are not only therapeutic, but which improve the "quality" of life.
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PMID:Depression and chronic fatigue in the patient with heart disease. 187 16

The purpose of the study reported in this article was to examine the relationships between locus of control and level of depression in younger adult and midlife registered mental health nurses (MHNs) in relation to each other and as a function of sex role orientation. On the basis of C. G. Jung's (1954) theory of individuation, the following hypotheses were derived: (a) MHNs with an androgynous sex role orientation will have a higher internal locus of control than MHNs with a nonandrogynous sex role orientation; (b) MHNs with an androgynous sex role orientation will be less depressed than nonandrogynous sex role-oriented MHNs, and (c) midlife MHNs will be more androgynous in sex role orientation than younger MHNs. Thirty-six participants, all working female registered mental health nurses between the ages of 30 and 59, were placed in the midlife group (age 41-59) or the young adult group (age 31-40) on the basis of self-indicated age. Two groups of female MHNs (younger adult and midlife women) were compared with each other by means of the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (Spence, Helmreich, & Stapp, 1975), used to assess sex role orientation (androgynous or nonandrogynous: cross-typed, sex-typed, or undifferentiated); Rotter's (1966) Locus of Control Scale, used to assess internal or external (I-E) locus of control; and the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock, & Erbaugh, 1961), used to assess level of depression. In regards to all three hypotheses, no statistically significant associations were found among the study variables. The strengths and weakness of the present study were reviewed. The theoretical and practical implications of the results were discussed, and directions for future research were considered.
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PMID:Locus of control and depression as a function of sex role orientation in two age groups of mental health nurses. 193 38

Many of the hundreds of thousands of survivors of polio are now developing postpolio syndrome. Symptoms include progressive muscle weakness, fatigue, decreased endurance, joint and muscle pain, weight gain, respiratory difficulties, and sleep disturbance, often precipitated or exacerbated by a Type-A Personality pattern. A postpolio patient with Type-A Personality was taught self-hypnosis as a vital component of treatment. Pre-post testing included the Profile of Mood States, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the State-Trait Anger Inventory, and the Personal Orientation Inventory; the patient's spouse was interviewed during the follow-up. At the 6-month follow-up, improvements were documented in pain level, depression, self-regard, self-acceptance, capacity for intimate contact, time competence (living in the present), confusion, anxiety, insomnia, and in trait and state anger. Only a mild improvement occurred in fatigue, and no improvement was found in weight control. Follow-up at 12 months confirmed the maintenance of improvements. Self-hypnosis training may prove extremely helpful for postpolio patients and may prove helpful in modifying central characteristics of Type-A Personality.
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PMID:Hypnosis for postpolio syndrome & Type-A behavior. 195 Nov 42

A survey was conducted to better understand complaints of fatigue in patients previously diagnosed as having polio. Eighty-six individuals with postpolio syndrome and 20 healthy controls completed a questionnaire about their fatigue, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the CAGE questionnaire. The results showed that fatigue in postpolio syndrome usually occurred on a daily basis and increased in severity as the day progressed. Both the study group and controls described their fatigue as tiredness and a lack of energy. However, physical weakness was reported only in the postpolio group. Minimal physical exercise exacerbated fatigue in 48% of the postpolio group, whereas it diminished fatigue in 70% of the controls and in 15% of the postpolio group. Twenty-seven percent of the postpolio group and none of the controls reported mild to moderate depressive symptoms. However, depression, age, alcohol abuse, and employment status did not significantly affect the differences between groups in reported prevalence or description of chronic fatigue. Criteria to separate psychologic from organic causes of fatigue and treatment interventions are discussed.
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PMID:Fatigue in postpolio syndrome. 199 Oct 11

Psychotropic effects have been imputed to oral contraceptives (OCs); however, studies with large populations found no depressive episodes caused by OCs. Affective disorders of women such as premenstrual syndrome and postpartum and menopausal depression are well-known. The estrogen and progesterone levels are high during pregnancy, when the risk of emotional disease declines. A study on Marvelon (containing .15 mg of desogestrel and .03 mg of ethinyl estradiol) involving 27,000 women found a history of depression in 3%, but in 90% the symptoms disappeared after OC use. Other studies corroborated the finding that OCs exerted a stabilizing effect on emotional disorders. The overwhelming majority of women without psychiatric anamnesis did not suffer any mood fluctuations under OC use. In a study, 4327 women were interviewed at 3 and 6 months of OC use, and in 45.7% their sense of well-being improved, 30.3% were in a good frame of mind, and 21.2% had a slight deterioration of their sense of well-being. Neurotic and introverted persons tended to attribute affective disorders, weakness of concentration, sleep disturbances, and the avoidance of sex to OCs. With such individuals, OC indication requires particularly strict adherence to rules. The ability of Ocs to improve acne was analyzed when 1785 questionnaires were examined from 1958 women who had used Marvelon. 60% reported improvement of their acne, and 50% of the more severe cases improved. Dysmenorrhea and menstrual cycle disorders improved similarly. Body weight increase in insignificant with modern OCs. OCs exert a positive psychotropic effect through their ability to influence these conditions.
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PMID:[Does the pill have a psychotropic effect?]. 215 6

An exercise program for menopausal women that includes both aerobic and resistance training may prevent or relieve problems such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, muscle weakness, osteoporosis, and depression. The risk of cardiovascular disease increases in women after menopause; in both men and women, regular aerobic exercise may improve cardiorespiratory endurance and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Aerobic exercise also prevents some age-related increases in body fat and it elevates resting metabolic rate, which correlates directly with lean body mass. Inactivity, not hormonal change, is the most common cause of obesity. Resistance training can improve muscle strength and bone density. Increases in bone mineral content have been found at lumbar vertebral and distal radial sites in women who participate in exercise programs. Weight-bearing exercise in conjunction with estrogen replacement therapy and calcium supplementation helps to prevent osteoporosis. Many women experience mood changes at menopause. Some of these symptoms are caused by chronic sleep deprivation due to night flushes and respond best to estrogen; others are related to levels of brain chemicals and respond favorably to exercise.
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PMID:Exercise in the menopausal woman. 217 91

Vitamin B12 deficiency develops over a slowly progressive continuum. Early manifestations may be generalized weakness or fatigue, indigestion, diarrhea, or depression. Pernicious anemia is considered the classic cause, but others include malabsorption because of achlorhydria or other gastric dysfunction, fish tapeworm infection, and strict vegetarianism. Iron deficiency often coexists. Because presentation is often atypical, vitamin B12 deficiency is a diagnostic consideration whenever neuropsychiatric signs or symptoms are unexplained.
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PMID:Vitamin B12 deficiency. Important new concepts in recognition. 220 95

Organ toxicity from local anesthetic agents is rare. This makes these agents an attractive option in the high-risk patient. Complications associated with local anesthetics are related to overdosage. Overdosage with local anesthetic agents administered epidurally may cause motor paralysis and hind-limb weakness. Systemic signs of local anesthetic overdosage include changes in central nervous system activity (excitement or depression), muscle tremors, and hypotension. Because the dose required to produce these effects in the horse is high (12 mg/kg), this complication is uncommon. Few side effects and low cost justify the use of local anesthetic techniques in equine practice.
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PMID:Regional anesthesia. 228 55


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