Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Comparative analysis of functional characteristics of connection between the fields CA3 and CA1 (Schaffer's collaterals) was performed in experiments in vivo (unanaesthetized rabbits) and in vitro (hippocampal slices of guinea-pigs) with extracellular recording of the unitary activity in the field CA1. Weakness of postexcitatory inhibition, absence of responses of the form of suppression of spontaneous activity, higher effectiveness of low-frequency stimulation of Schaffer's collaterals were observed in experiments in vitro. Posttetanic effects were more frequently observed and lasted longer in vitro than in vivo. The dominating effect in vivo was posttetanic depression and in vitro--posttetanic potentiation. The possible reasons for these differences are discussed.
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PMID:[Functional characteristics of connections: Schaffer's collaterals to the CA1 field of the hippocampus in experiments in vivo and in vitro]. 46 Apr 92

A case of muscle weakness with hypertension is presented. The patient had symptoms of depression. Diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism was suspected because of a low serum potassium and confirmed by discovery of an adrenal adenoma. The role of hypokalemia in mental disturbances is reviewed. Emphasis is placed on possible metabolic etiologies when mood changes, muscle paresis and hypertension coexist.
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PMID:Hyperaldosteronism (Conn's disease) presenting as depression. 46 62

The effects of the beta-adernergic blocking drug acebutolol were studied in 23 patients with angina pectoris and angiographically documented coronary artery disease. Patients were evaluated clinically, by graded treadmill testing and by 24-hour Holter monitoring in the control state, after 2 weeks treatment with placebo, and after 2 weeks treatment with 600 mg. and then 1,200 mg. of acebutolol. Acebutolol (in a daily dose of 600 mg.) was an effective antianginal drug: the number of clinical attacks of angina pectoris (p less than 0.001) and the consumption of sublingual nitrate decreased (p less than 0.01), there was a significant increase in the treadmill effort tolerance as measured by the time to appearance of ischemic ECG changes (p less than 0.001) and the total work performed (p less than 0.001), and there was also a significant decrease in ischemic ST segment depression on 24-hour Holter monitoring. Treatment with 1,200 mg. acebutolol was associated with a further decrease in heart rate and a further improvement in effort tolerance on treadmill testing (p less than 0.05). On the large dose of the drug, however, there was no further clinical improvement, and no further improvement on 24-hour ECG monitoring; several patients complained of weakness and fatigue. Graded treadmill testing was an excellent objective method for assessing physical effort tolerance and its improvement after treatment with the beta-blocking drug. Twenty-four-hour Holter monitoring was a useful and complementary test, especially in patients who stopped exercising on the treadmill because of fatigue or weakness, and especially for assessing the efficacy of beta-blockade in controlling emotionally induced tachycardia and ischemia in the patient's own daily environment.
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PMID:Evaluation of the beta-blocking drug acebutolol in angina pectoris. 49 6

Hyponatremia with simultaneous renal sodium loss was associated with the inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in a dog with heartworm disease. Antidiuresis caused expansion of extracellular fluid volume, which induced renal salt wasting and a negative sodium balance. The combination of water retention, salt wasting, and inactivation of intracellular solute contributes to the decrease in serum sodium concentration. Water intoxication due to hypotonicity of body gluids induced anorexia, depression, weakness, and incoordination.
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PMID:Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in a dog. 50 Apr 39

23 patients whose weight varied from ninety-eight to 220 kilos were subjected to four different types of jejuno-ileal by pass operations: terminal-lateral (14 X 4) in three, terminal-terminal (14 X 4) in fifteen, (12 X 8) in two, and (10 X 8) in three. The defunctionalized intestine was anastomized to the transverse colon. Liver, jejenum and ileal biopsies as well as profilactic apendectomy were performed in all the cases along with colecistectomy when possible. All our patients were carefully studied in the pre and postoperative periods. The postoperative follow-up varied from 16 to 72 months, during which time a short and long-term mortality of 8.6% was observed. In eight patients it was necessary to reestablish normal intestinal transit for one or two reasons: rapid weight loss or total lack of patient cooperation. During the first few months post-op, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, loss of apetite, weakness, inactivity, depression, electrolyte anormalities, anemia and increased hepatic esteatosis were the clinical and pathological findings most frequently encountered. With the cooperation of the patient it is possible to correct all these alterations: it is for this reason that the importance of right patient selection is emphasized. The rate of post-operative weight loss varied from patient to patient with an ideal weight being achieved between 18 and 24 months after the operation. Only in those patients reoperated upon to establish normal intestinal transit was the lost weight recuperated. Along with rigid patient selection, the success of this operation depends upon interspecialty teamwork during the preoperative evaluation as well as the follow up period in order to resolve the intricate physio-pathological problems that so frequently arise.
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PMID:[Treatment of extreme obesity]. 61 77

Verruculogen (V) and penitrem A (PA) represent a group of toxic secondary metabolites of mold contaminants of foodstuffs known as 'tremorgenic mycotoxins', which produce a unique neurotoxic syndrome characterized by sustained tremors, limb weakness, ataxia and convulsions. In the present study the intraperitoneal median tremogenic dose in mice for V was found to be 0.92 mg/kg and that for PA, 0.19 mg/kg. Behavioral and neurochemical parameters were assessed following acute exposure to varying neurotoxic and subneurotoxic doses of these mycotoxins. Measures of spontaneous motor activity (photoactometer) and exploratory reflex behaviors (open field) were markedly depressed by both V and PA. Notably, at dose levels of V or PA that were not accompanied by any overt signs of neurotoxicity, significant neuromotor depression was still observed. Acquisition of a conditioned avoidance shuttle response was disrupted, but only at a high neurotoxic dose level of V. Neurochemical analyses revealed no clear catecholaminergic or cholinergic involvement in the neurotoxic syndrome of eigher V or PA.
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PMID:Neurobehavioral studies of tremorgenic mycotoxins verruculogen and penitrem A. 64 98

Primary adrenocortical insufficiency is described in 3 dogs. Clinical signs included marked depression, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness and bradycardia. Diagnosis was based on clinical signs and biochemical findings of hyperkalaemia, hyponatraemia and a lowered plasma Na+ : K+ ratio. Treatment during the acute illness consisted of intravenous fluids and hydrocortisone sodium succinate. Fludrocortisone acetate has maintained all dogs in good health. One dog was on treatment for 4 years.
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PMID:Adrenocortical insufficiency in the dog. 68 64

In 6 years snake bite was diagnosed in 41 cats, with an average age of 20 months. The commonest presenting signs were dilated pupils, absence of the pupillary light reflex, depression and generalised muscle weakness. Other frequent findings were vomiting, dyspnoea, hindlimb ataxia and complete flaccid paralysis. Thirty-seven cases (90%) occurred in the 6 warmer months of the year. Tiger snakes were positively identified in 7 cases. A recovery rate of 89% was obtained in cases receiving 3000 units Tiger snake antivenene, fluid therapy and nursing. Cases presenting with a complete flaccid paralysis and sub-normal temperatures were poor prognostic risks.
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PMID:Snake bite in cats. 74 57

Urethral obstruction induced in adult male cats caused clinical signs identical with those observed in naturally occurring disease. Central nervous system depression, anorexia, dehydration, vomiting, muscle weakness, and hypothermia occurred. Weight loss (due to water loss and catabolism), metabolic acidosis, mild hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperglycemia, azotemia, and hyperproteinemia were also observed. Serum amylase, alkaline phosphatase, and alanine aminotransferase activities were normal. Ten of 13 cats (group 1), with 72 hours' induced obstruction but not treated with parenteral fluids, died either before the obstruction was relieved or within 8 days afterward. Eight cats (group 2) with induced obstruction for 49 to 98 hours developed severe clinical and biochemical alterations. Treatment with a multiple-electrolyte solution, in addition to relief of urethral obstruction, resulted in favorable clinical and biochemical responses. These cats survived and were clinically healthy at 9 to 10 days after relief of obstruction. It was concluded that use of a multiple-electrolyte solution to correct acidosis, restore circulatory volume, and enhance renal excretion of potassium was effective supportive therapy after urethral obstruction was removed.
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PMID:Characterization and treatment of water, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances of induced urethral obstruction in the cat. 87 80

A systematic search for cases of adult-onset hereditary ataxia was conducted on location in Scotland. The investigation resulted in the discovery of eight pedigrees with 42 patients of whom 16 were alive in 1975. Nine patients were examined by the authors and recent hospital records were available on the remaining seven. The clinical features were quite variable. In declining order of frequency, findings were gait and limb ataxia, dysarthria, hyperreflexia, extrapyramidal motor disturbances, impaired vibratory sense, spasticity, defects of extraocular movements and nystagmus, reflex depression, Babinski signs, impaired joint position sense, muscle weakness, optic atrophy, and mental abnormalities. Foot deformity occurred only once. Inheritance was compatible with autosomal dominant transmission, but complicated by consanguinity in two families. The minimum prevalence was calculated as 0.31/100,000. Autopsy in two members in one family revealed olivopontocerebellar degeneration.
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PMID:Adult-onset hereditary ataxia in Scotland. 90 33


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