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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Factor structures of the 60- and 30-item versions of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were explored, using data collected from 236 Japanese high-school and university students. The 60-item version produced factors interpretable as social functioning, anxiety, somatic symptoms, and severe depression; the 30-item version produced general dysphoria, social functioning, depressive thoughts, difficulty in concentration and insomnia. Although the two versions of the GHQ produced the same number of factors, their structures differed in content. Thus it may be necessary to examine the factor structures of the GHQ when using it in a study of a population containing subjects with different cultural backgrounds.
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PMID:The factor structure of the General Health Questionnaire in a Japanese high school and university student sample. 191 76

Three studies were conducted on elderly patients with dementia. A case of control study on life styles before falling ill revealed that "intake of sweets" was significantly associated with clinically diagnosed dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Evaluation of treatments of outpatients suggests that proper care and some kinds of neuroleptics are useful for alleviation of abnormal behavior such as agitation, wandering, hallucination, insomnia and depression, but not for improvement of cognitive function and memory. A study on caregivers of elderly demented patients was undertaken to determine the relationship between the components of burden and symptoms of patients. Insomnia and abnormal behavior of patients correlated with physical and mental components of the burden of caregivers. Memory disturbance, psychological symptoms and deterioration in ADL correlated with physical burden. These studies indicate that symptoms accompanying dementia such as insomnia, wandering, hallucination and agitation should be the treated intensively for the purpose of improvement of the quality of the lives of patients and caregivers.
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PMID:[Prevention and treatment of dementia: what should we do today?]. 194 24

The prevalence of mental distress in a general population north of the Arctic Circle at 69 degrees N was studied over 4 midwinter months. Within the framework of a health survey for coronary heart disease, 3 questions about depression, coping problems and insomnia were posed. They were answered by 7759 people randomly assigned to a survey date from November to February. The extreme lack of daylight in December and January taken into consideration, the prevalence of mental distress found, 14% in men and 19% in women, is remarkably low compared with previous epidemiologic research. Except for insomnia in women, which was most prevalent in December, no significant relationship between month of survey and any of the 3 symptoms were found. Thus, the findings cast some doubt upon the importance of daylight for mental distress in the general population.
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PMID:Mental distress during winter. An epidemiologic study of 7759 adults north of Arctic Circle. 195 Jun 7

Many of the hundreds of thousands of survivors of polio are now developing postpolio syndrome. Symptoms include progressive muscle weakness, fatigue, decreased endurance, joint and muscle pain, weight gain, respiratory difficulties, and sleep disturbance, often precipitated or exacerbated by a Type-A Personality pattern. A postpolio patient with Type-A Personality was taught self-hypnosis as a vital component of treatment. Pre-post testing included the Profile of Mood States, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the State-Trait Anger Inventory, and the Personal Orientation Inventory; the patient's spouse was interviewed during the follow-up. At the 6-month follow-up, improvements were documented in pain level, depression, self-regard, self-acceptance, capacity for intimate contact, time competence (living in the present), confusion, anxiety, insomnia, and in trait and state anger. Only a mild improvement occurred in fatigue, and no improvement was found in weight control. Follow-up at 12 months confirmed the maintenance of improvements. Self-hypnosis training may prove extremely helpful for postpolio patients and may prove helpful in modifying central characteristics of Type-A Personality.
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PMID:Hypnosis for postpolio syndrome & Type-A behavior. 195 Nov 42

L-tryptophan is an essential amino acid taken as an over-the-counter nutritional supplement for a variety of conditions including chronic pain, insomnia, and depression. In October 1989 several patients were reported having eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) who had taken L-tryptophan in large doses. Little is known about the long-term outcomes of EMS. A patient with EMS who developed contractures of the upper extremities because of severe myalgias is discussed. Early aggressive rehabilitative intervention may prevent contractures in patients with EMS.
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PMID:Upper extremity contractures in a patient with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. 195 17

Because of their influence on psychological adaptation, biological rhythms associated with sleep have received growing attention during the last two decades. We are presenting an outline of (1) the ultradian rhythms of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep and of slow wave sleep (SWS), (2) the circadian rhythms of sleep/wake, body temperature and melatonine secretion, and (3) the infradian rhythms of the menstrual cycle and seasonal affective disorders emphasizing their importance in psychological adaptation. Particular attention is given to the consequences of the desynchronization of the circadian phase of sleeping and waking with that of core body temperature observed in the cases of abrupt time zone changes, shift work and some forms of insomnia and depression. New methods of intervention, such as the use of exposure to bright lights are discussed. A case is made for increased attention to a new form of hygiene, that of the biological rhythms associated with sleeping and waking.
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PMID:[Biological rhythms associated with sleep and psychological adjustment]. 195 44

1. The authors review the literature describing acute symptomatology produced by the gradual or abrupt withdrawal of heterocyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) and neuroleptics. 2. Withdrawal of heterocyclic antidepressants and antipsychotic agents causes similar symptomatology. Symptoms produced by the discontinuation of these drugs include nausea, emesis, anorexia, diarrhea, rhinorrhea, diaphoresis, myalgias, paresthesias, anxiety, agitation, restlessness, and insomnia. 3. Psychotic relapse is often presaged by anxiety, agitation, restlessness, and insomnia. Prodromal symptoms are distinguished from the effects of neuroleptic withdrawal by a temporal relationship of the latter to reductions in the dosage or discontinuation of antipsychotic agents. 4. Withdrawal of MAOIs can result in severe anxiety, agitation, pressured speech, sleeplessness or drowsiness, hallucinations, delirium, and paranoid psychosis. 5. MAOI withdrawal phenomena resemble the symptoms produced by the discontinuation of chronically administered psychostimulants. 6. The capacity of MAOIs to exert amphetamine-like effects presynaptically and the propensity of somatic treatments for depression to subsensitize presynaptic receptors regulating the release of catecholamines provide a basis for the development of psychotic symptoms upon the withdrawal of MAOI. Evidence for this hypothesis is reviewed.
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PMID:Heterocyclic antidepressant, monoamine oxidase inhibitor and neuroleptic withdrawal phenomena. 196 71

The hypnotic efficacy of estazolam, a triazolobenzodiazepine, has been established in well-controlled sleep laboratory and outpatient clinical trials. Estazolam 1.0 mg and 2.0 mg significantly improves sleep latency, total sleep time, number of nocturnal awakenings, depth of sleep, and sleep quality in adults with chronic insomnia. Long-term studies indicate that estazolam 2.0 mg remains an effective hypnotic for at least six weeks of continuous nightly administration with no evidence of clinically significant tolerance. Estazolam is an effective treatment for situational insomnia and significantly improves sleep in patients with insomnia associated with moderately severe anxiety or depression.
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PMID:Efficacy of estazolam. The United States clinical experience. 196 21

Twenty-three patients with major depressive disorders were examined clinically, biochemically and electroencephalographically before antidepressive treatment was initiated. EEG characteristics were related to clinical items and to a serotonin re-uptake indicator. The results suggested that at least three definable EEG patterns were associated with certain specific features of major depressive disorders. Thus, an EEG pattern characterized by increased beta activity was associated with the recurrent type of depression. Another EEG pattern, with signs of decreased alertness, was present in patients with insomnia, agitation and in those without depression in their families. A significant correlation was also found between the alertness indicator and the serotonin accumulation rate. The third type of EEG feature was represented by interhemispheric asymmetry in the EEG which could be seen in patients with high scores of anxiety. The results suggest that the EEG findings may be helpful in defining various subgroups of major depressive disorders.
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PMID:EEG patterns in various subgroups of endogenous depression. 201 Mar 19

Disturbed sleep is a common problem particularly among depressed patients. Diagnostic and treatment considerations are reviewed for two of the more common insomnia problems, psychophysiological insomnia and insomnia associated with depression. Studies of the actual sleep patterns of patients with these disorders reveal reliable differences that are important to understand for optimized treatment outcome. As the differentiation of sleep disorders becomes more precise and the pharmacologic armamentarium becomes greater, emphasis needs to be placed on both understanding the etiology of the sleep complaint and selecting a drug that is best matched to correct the underlying problem.
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PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of insomnia and depression. 205 Jun 50


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