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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The objective of the study was to evaluate the relation between every-night (habitual) snoring, sleep apnoea and cognitive complaints (concentration and memory complaints) in an adult population-based sample. In the DAN-MONICA (MONItoring trends in CArdiovascular iseases) 1504 males and females aged 30, 40, 50 and 60 years were classified according to their snoring habits. Nocturnal respiration was measured in 748 participants. The following measures were regarded as potential confounders: age, gender, unintended sleepiness, insomnia, depression, hypnotic use, alcohol consumption by questionnaire, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure. Concentration and memory problems were both related to depression, insomnia and unintended sleepiness. Snoring and sleep apnoea (defined as a respiratory distress index-RDI > or = 5) were associated with concentration problems and unintended sleepiness. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) between snoring, concentration and memory problems, calculated by logistic regression analysis after adjustments for the above confounders, were 1.90 (1.23-2.91, p < 0.01) and 1.38 (0.97-1.99, NS). For those with sleep apnoea, the odds ratios were 3.53 (1.42-8.73. p < 0.001) and 1.51 (0.81-2.14, NS) for concentration and memory problems, respectively. The main conclusion drawn from this study is that cognitive complaints show a high correlation to mood, insomnia and hypersomnia. Habitual snoring and sleep apnoea show a correlation to concentration problems, but not to memory problems. This suggests that part of the association between snoring, sleep apnoea and cognitive dysfunction is related to the presence of sleep disturbances and daytime sleepiness.
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PMID:[Cognitive symptoms in persons with snoring and sleep apnea. An epidemiologic study of 1.504 women and men aged 30-60 years. The Dan-MONICA II study]. 860 12

Advanced and delayed sleep phase disorders, and the hypersomnia that can accompany winter depression, have been treated successfully by appropriately timed artificial bright light exposure. Under entrainment to the 24-h day-night cycle, the sleep-wake pattern may assume various phase relationships to the circadian pacemaker, as indexed, for example, by abnormally long or short intervals between the onset of melatonin production or the core body temperature minimum and wake-up time. Advanced and delayed sleep phase syndromes and non-24-h sleep-wake syndrome have been variously ascribed to abnormal intrinsic circadian periodicity, deficiency of the entrainment mechanism, or--most simply--patterns of daily light exposure insufficient for adequate phase resetting. The timing of sleep is influenced by underlying circadian phase, but psychosocial constraints also play a major role. Exposure to light early or late in the subjective night has been used therapeutically to produce corrective phase delays or advances, respectively, in both the sleep pattern and circadian rhythms. Supplemental light exposure in fall and winter can reduce the hypersomnia of winter depression, although the therapeutic effect may be less dependent on timing.
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PMID:Light treatment for sleep disorders: consensus report. IV. Sleep phase and duration disturbances. 763 87

The purpose of this study is to determine the stability of symptoms of hypomania and depression across repeated affective episodes in patients with rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Nine patients had a total of 30 depressive episodes and 31 hypomanic episodes during the period of observation. Standardized observer ratings indicated that the three symptoms most consistently reported during depressive episodes were fatiguability, decreased work activities and hypersomnia. These results as well as those from the standardized observer ratings of hypomania indicate that depression in this population consists of a lethargic, hypoactive state while hypomania may be a heightened state of activation. The clinical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
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PMID:The reproducibility of depressive and hypomanic symptoms across repeated episodes in patients with rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. 775 65

Thirty-six subjects affected with hypersomnia associated with mood disorders, 31 with a diagnosis of dysthymia, 4 with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder and one with a diagnosis of major recurrent depression underwent standardized polysomnographic procedures including night 1, MSLT and night 2 (uninterrupted). 36.1% of these subjects had a reduced or intermediate mean sleep latency on the MSLT and 13.8% slept over 9 hr at night. In addition 17 of these subjects underwent prolonged polysomnography during day 2. In comparison with eight subjects affected with idiopathic hypersomnia, mean sleep latency on the MSLT was significantly longer and total sleep time during night 2 and during night 2 plus day 2 was significantly lower in subjects affected with hypersomnia associated with mood disorders. It is concluded that a positive diagnosis of hypersomnia associated with a mood disorder requires both behavioral observation and polysomnography. Among these subjects there may be subjects with well-documented hypersomnia and subjects with anergia facilitating or mimicking sleep.
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PMID:Hypersomnia associated with mood disorders: a new perspective. 779 50

We examined 2-year recall of reports of lifetime symptomatology and substance use questions on the K-SADS-E in a sample of offspring at high and low risk for depression. Comparisons were made between those who forgot and those who remembered reports of screening symptoms made at the initial interview. In general, recall for symptoms of internalizing disorders (depression and anxiety disorder) was much worse than recall for symptoms of externalizing disorders (conduct disorder and substance use). Less than two-thirds of those initially meeting the lifetime depression screening criteria provided reports which met the lifetime screening criteria at followup. Significant correlates of screening criteria recall included the following variables (measured at the initial interview): history of treatment for any disorder, impairment on the GAS (a score less than 61), and the presence of hypersomnia and suicidal symptoms (thoughts or ideation). Logistic regression suggested that a prior report of suicidal symptoms (including thoughts, ideation, or behavior) was the most important correlate of screen recall.
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PMID:Symptom and substance use reporting consistency over two years for offspring at high and low risk for depression. 796 76

The study was carried out by the same research team in two metropolitan hospitals, one in Greece (N = 60) and one in Australia (N = 56). Subjects comprised patients consecutively admitted with a DSM-III-R diagnosis of depressive disorder, all of whom completed questionnaire measures of depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms. Clinical concepts and practices in the two hospitals were very similar. Overall levels of depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms in the two samples were almost identical, but there were differences in the pattern of somatic complaints: Greeks scored significantly higher on dizziness, paraesthesiae and masticatory spasms, and Australians scored significantly higher on drowsiness, hypersomnia and non-refreshing sleep, with the latter two items being the best discriminators of the two samples using discriminant function analysis. These findings, combined with factor analysis, suggested that symptoms associated with hyperventilation in the Greek sample, and with sleep disturbance in the Australian sample, explained most of the differences between them.
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PMID:Depression and somatic symptoms: a cross-cultural study. 799 82

Numerous investigators have shown a strong association between the seasons and the incidence of depression, mania and suicides. However, little has been known about patients who reveal affective episodes in association with the changing seasons year after year. Lewy and Rosenthal established the concept of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). SAD is characterized by recurring cycles of fall-winter depression and spring-summer hypomania (or euthymia). Depressive symptoms often include hypersomnia, anergia, fatigue, carbohydrate craving and weight gain. The syndrome occurs predominantly in women and begins in late twenties. Lewy, Rosenthal and other investigators found that exposure of the SAD patients to bright artificial light improved depressive symptoms. Some hypotheses of light therapy are proposed, however, each of them has not well explained the mechanisms.
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PMID:[Light therapy of patients with seasonal affective disorder]. 800 95

Psychostimulant abusers often experience anhedonia, depression, fatigue, craving, and hypersomnia and increased propensity for rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during periods of acute and subacute withdrawal from cocaine and amphetamine. These signs and symptoms may reflect a state of relative functional dopamine depletion in the brain during abstinence. Lisuride, which has dopaminergic agonist effects, has been reported to reduce signs of psychostimulant withdrawal in rodent models of stimulant abuse. These observations prompted us to test the effects of oral administration of lisuride for 3 weeks (up to 4.0 mg daily) on mood and craving ratings in a double-blind, parallel design, controlled study in hospitalized stimulant abusers during acute withdrawal from cocaine or amphetamine. Although administration of lisuride significantly prolonged REM latency and reduced REM time, amelioration of other signs of withdrawal was not significantly greater in lisuride as compared with placebo treated patients. Self-rated craving ratings, however, were low in both groups throughout the hospital stay. Further studies, perhaps in patients with more severe symptoms during withdrawal, are needed to fully test the efficacy of lisuride in the treatment of stimulant withdrawal.
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PMID:The effects of lisuride on mood and sleep during acute withdrawal in stimulant abusers: a preliminary report. 805 6

Secondary analyses in a subsample (N = 9160) of the National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program data base revealed that 19.6% of the general population reported one or more depressive symptoms in the previous month. One-year prevalence of two or more depressive symptoms in the general population was 11.8%, a prevalence figure exceeding the 9.5% 1-year prevalence for all the DSM-III mood disorders combined. We have labeled this potential clinical condition as subsyndromal symptomatic depression (SSD), defining it as any two or more simultaneous symptoms of depression, present for most or all of the time, at least 2 weeks in duration, associated with evidence of social dysfunction, occurring in individuals who do not meet criteria for diagnoses of minor depression, major depression, and/or dysthymia. SSD has a 1-year prevalence in the general population of 8.4%, two thirds of whom are women (63.4%). The most common SSD symptoms reported are insomnia (44.7%), feeling tired out all the time (42.1%), recurrent thoughts of death (31.0%), trouble concentrating (22.7%), significant weight gain (18.5%), slowed thinking (15.1%), and hypersomnia (15.1%). Increased prevalence of disability and welfare benefits was found in SSD as compared with respondents with no depressive symptoms. SSD represents a significant clinical population not covered by any DSM-III, DSM-III-R, or DSM-IV mood disorder diagnosis. Since SSD is also associated with significant increases in social dysfunction and disability, we feel there is good evidence to conclude that SSD is an unrecognized clinical condition of considerable public health importance that is deserving of further characterization and study.
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PMID:Subsyndromal symptomatic depression: a new mood disorder? 761 87

The objective of the study was to evaluate the relation between every-night (habitual) snoring, sleep apnea and cognitive complaints (concentration and memory problems) in an adult population-based sample. In the Dan-MONICA (MONItoring trends in CArdiovascular diseases) 1,504 males and females aged 30, 40, 50 and 60 years were classified according to their snoring habits. Nocturnal respiration was measured in 748 participants. The following measures were regarded as potential confounders: age, gender, unintended sleepiness, insomnia, depression, hypnotic use, alcohol and tobacco consumption by questionnaire, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure. Concentration and memory problems were both related to depression, insomnia and unintended sleepiness. Snoring and sleep apnea (defined as a respiratory distress index - RDI > or = 5), were associated with concentration problems and unintended sleepiness. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) between snoring, concentration and memory problems, calculated by logistic regression analysis after adjustments of the above confounders, were 1.90 (1.23-2.91, p < 0.01) and 1.38 (0.97-1.99, NS). For those with sleep apnea, the odds ratios were 3.53 (1.42-8.73, p < 0.001) and 1.51 (0.81-2.14, NS) for concentration and memory problems, respectively. The main conclusion drawn from this study is that cognitive complaints show a high correlation to mood, insomnia, and hypersomnia. Habitual snoring and sleep apnea show a correlation to concentration problems, but not to memory complaints. This suggests that part of the association between snoring, sleep apnea and cognitive dysfunction is related to the presence of sleep disturbances and daytime sleepiness.
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PMID:Self-assessed cognitive function in snorers and sleep apneics. An epidemiological study of 1,504 females and males aged 30-60 years: the Dan-MONICA II Study. 808 78


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