Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors stressed the reliability of lateral thin-section hypocycloidal tomography not only for the detection of pituitary microadenomas but also as an aid in surgical removal of them. Fourteen women with secondary amenorrhea were studied of which 13 cases showed high serum prolactin levels. Transsphenoidal surgery confirmed the presence of microadenomas less than 10 mm in all cases. The sellar volume measurement from plain radiographs of the skull was normal in all cases. The contour of the sella on plain lateral radiographs was abnormal in 4 cases (28.6%); double floor in 2 cases and localized ballooning in 2 cases. Hypocycloidal tomography was carried out at 2 mm intervals in both anteroposterior projection and lateral projection. Anteroposterior tomograms were abnormal in only 4 cases; each case with destruction of the sellar floor with small tumor shadow in the sphenoid sinus, central depression, lateral depression and sloping of the sellar floor. Lateral tomograms were, on the other hand, abnormal in all cases. Localized expansion with thinning in the anterior or anteroinferior portion of the sellar wall was found in 11 cases and the same finding in the inferior or inferoposterior portion of the sellar wall associated with thinning of the dorsum sellae was present in 3 cases. Lateral tomograms were considered more sensitive than anteroposterior tomograms from these results. We also studied the reliability of hypocycloidal tomography in the accurate localization of the tumor in comparing with the actual location of the tumor from the operative findings. In 12 cases the location of the tumor defined by hypocycloidal tomography was coincident with that by surgery. Moreover, when the sellar destruction was shown to be larger by hypocycloidal tomography, size of the tumor tended to be larger. These results suggested hypocycloidal tomography would be an accurate aid in surgical procedures.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of pituitary microadenoma by thin-section hypocycloidal tomography (author's transl)]. 745 35

To determine the effects of chronic constriction of the left coronary artery on the function and structure of the heart, coronary artery narrowing was surgically induced in rats and ventricular pump performance, extent and distribution of myocardial damage, and the hypertrophic and hyperplastic response of myocytes were examined. Alterations in cardiac hemodynamics were found in all rats, but the characteristics of the physiological properties of the heart allowed a separation of the animals into two groups which exhibited left ventricular dysfunction and failure, respectively. Left ventricular hypertrophy occurred in both groups and was characterized by ventricular dilatation and wall thinning which were more severe in the failing animals. Multiple foci of myocardial damage across the wall were seen in all animals but tissue injury was more prominent in the endomyocardium and in failing rats. The anatomical and hemodynamic changes resulted in a significant increase in diastolic wall stress which paralleled the depression in ventricular performance. Myocyte cell loss and myocyte cellular hypertrophy were more severe with ventricular failure than with dysfunction. Finally, diastolic overload appeared to be coupled with activation of the DNA synthetic machinery of myocytes and nuclear mitotic division. In conclusion, a fixed lesion of the left coronary artery leads to abnormalities in cardiac dynamics with marked increases in diastolic wall stress and extensive ventricular remodeling in spite of compensatory myocyte cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia in the remaining viable tissue.
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PMID:Ventricular remodeling in global ischemia. 757 15

This study was designed to test the effect of natural calcium on the bone loss induced by ovariectomy in rats. Thirty female four-month rats were divided into three groups: sham operated group (Sham), ovariectomized group (OVX) and ovariectomized with calcium supplementation group (OVX + CA). OVX + CA rats were treated with calcium at a dose of 50 mg/kg weight per day for 90 days after surgery. Blood biochemical analysis, bone pathology, bone histomorphometric measurement and bone weight were processed. OVX rats were characterized by thinning, wormerosion like loss of trabecular bones, decreased volume of cancellous bone, increases in osteoblast index and osteoclast index, decreases in wet, dry and ash weights of left femur, and decreases in contents of calcium and phosphorus of bones. Treatment of OVX + p6 rats with calcium provided complete protection against bone loss and significantly depressed bone turnover. Our results indicate that natural calcium is effective in prevention of osteopenia in ovariectomized rats. The authors believe that the main mechanism of calcium against bone loss exists in correction of minus calcium balance, and depression of high bone turnover, especially the absorption action of osteoclasts.
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PMID:[Effect of natural calcium against osteopenia in ovariectomized rats]. 765 44

Atrophic dermatofibroma has been proposed as a term to designate a new and specific type of dermatofibroma. We report the clinical and histopathological findings in two cases of atrophic dermatofibroma. The peculiar morphology of these lesions simply represents a conspicuous example of the frequently seen central depression in dermatofibroma. On histopathology, no authentic atrophy is present, because the thinning of the dermis compared with that of the adjacent non-lesional skin results from this depression rather than from loss of tissue of the dermis. Delled dermatofibroma is a more appropriate appellation than atrophic dermatofibroma, because of the striking shape of these lesions.
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PMID:The atrophic dermatofibroma: a delled dermatofibroma. 767 52

The joint cartilage of the head of the radius, the metacarpal bone, the tibial cochlea, the proximal trochlea of the talus and the metatarsal bone of 26 cattle in the age groups fetuses, 0 days, 2-5 weeks, 2-5 months, 7-13 months, 2-3.5 years, and 5-7 years were examined macroscopically and histologically. Synovial grooves developed on all joint surfaces examined, but at different times. At some locations the development of the grooves began prenatally. During the groove development the same features were in principle observed on all joint surfaces: Degeneration and progressive thinning of the joint cartilage, invasion of connective tissue into the cartilage, cessation of the endochondral ossification, and depression of the groove area into the subchondral bone. The findings indicated that the synovial grooves should be considered as being part of the normal morphology of the joints. In 4 animals aged from 3 weeks to 13 months dyschondroplastic (osteochondrotic) lesions were observed in the joint cartilage both inside and outside the groove areas on one or more joint surfaces.
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PMID:The morphology of synovial grooves (Fossae synoviales) in joints of cattle of different age groups. 821 51

Broiler chicks in different groups were fed furazolidone (0, 400 and 800 mg/kg feed) and sodium chloride (500 and 1510 mg/kg feed) separately and concurrently from 1 to 30 days of age. Furazolidone (Fz) induced ascites, leg weakness, convulsions, depression and mortality was exacerbated by concurrent feeding of 1510 mg NaCl. Hemorrhages in the liver, swollen kidneys, pallor of the kidneys and cystic testes were present in all birds fed furazolidone either alone or in combination with NaCl. However, at microscopic level, necrotic changes were observed in the liver and kidneys of birds fed NaCl only. Fz-induced cardiac ventricular dilatation and thinning of walls were more severe when 400 mg Fz was fed concurrently with 1510 mg NaCl but feeding of 800 mg Fz with the same level of NaCl resulted in partial amelioration of cardiac changes. It is suggested that high dietary NaCl may exacerbate and alter the clinical and morphological picture of Fz toxicosis.
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PMID:Effect of concurrent feeding of furazolidone and sodium chloride upon some clinical, pathological and cardiac morphometric parameters in broiler chicks. 859 92

A procedure for recording the electroretinogram (ERG) in pigmented mice, C57BL, based on the ERG recording technique reported previously in albino mice, ICR, and giving careful consideration to the influence of anesthetics and dark-adaptation, was developed in order to examine retinal toxicity. Pigmented mice were given a single i.v. injection of monoiodoacetic acid (IAA), a known retinotoxic compound, via a tail vein at a dose of 30, 45 or 60 mg/kg, and the ERG was recorded periodically over the next 14 days. In addition, the retinas were examined histopathologically on day 15. The results were as follows. 1. The oscillatory potentials were not distinct in the ERGs from mice anesthetized with pentobarbital as compared to the ERGs from non-anesthetized mice. ERG waveforms obtained from mice anesthetized with a mixture of urethane, xylazine and ketamine or xylazine and ketamine were almost the same as those obtained from non-anesthetized mice. Therefore, the ERGs were recorded under mixed anesthesia, ketamine and xylazine, in the following study. Stable ERGs could be recorded after 40 min of dark-adaptation. 2. IAA at doses of 30 and 45 mg/kg caused slight depression of the amplitudes of the a-, b- and c-waves; however, these changes were no longer observed 7 days after dosing. At a dose of 60 mg/kg, the ERG waves were markedly depressed 1 day after dosing, and recovery was not observed until day 14. 3. Upon histopathologic examination of the retinas, a remarkable decrease in visual cells and thinning of the rod and cone layers and outer plexiform layer were observed with IAA at a dose of 60 mg/kg. 4. Using this newly developed recording technique, it was confirmed that stable ERGs could be recorded from pigmented mice repeatedly for 14 days, and the effects of IAA on the ERG could be detected. Histopathological abnormalities in the retinas correlated well with the changes in the ERGs. These results indicate that the newly developed ERG recording procedure is useful for evaluating retinal toxicity in pigmented mice.
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PMID:[A procedure for electroretinogram (ERG) recording in mice--effect of monoiodoacetic acid on the ERG in pigmented mice]. 943 91

We describe a case of the "tilted-disk" syndrome in a patient with a bitemporal field depression (a pseudohemianopia). CT and MR imaging showed thinning and prolapse of the nasal sectors of the posterior walls of the globes and flattening of the temporal portion of the globes.
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PMID:Bitemporal pseudohemianopia related to the "tilted disk" syndrome: CT, MR, and fundoscopic findings. 1054 54

Paper deals with problems of atypical forms of food intake disorder. Such disorders can be divided into three groups. First group included sub-clinical forms of food intake disorders. Patients with signs of thinning are included into the second group; however, their active role in slimming cannot be identified. In the third group the accompanying syndromes prevail, e.g. the syndrome of depression and obsessive-compulsive syndrome. Problems in the diagnostics and therapy of those atypical forms are discussed.
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PMID:[Atypical eating disorders, a diagnostic and therapeutic problem? 1119 49

Reactions to oral contraceptive therapy tend to be maximal during the first few months of use. They include nausea or epigastric discomfort, malaise, dizziness, nervousness, fatigue, weakness, leg cramps, headache, and depression. The estrogenic component is thought to be the cause. There may also be a psychogenic basis reflecting apprehension. Breast tenderness is an occasional complaint and intermenstrual spotting or breakthrough bleeding is often reported. Increasing dosage has reduced this symptom. Dysmenorrhea prior to treatment may be improved but occasionally it is aggravated. Drug-induced amenorrhea presents a double problem in that failure to resume medication 7 days after completion of a cycle results in a risk of conception. Episodes of severe uterine bleeding in patients discontinuing use after several months or years have been reported. Other side effects include a skin reaction resembling acne, pruritus, hirsutism, thinning of scalp hair, increased skin pigmentation, and weight gain or loss. Serious vascular complications and hepatic dysfunction have been shown and deviation of thyroid function may be shown by increase of serum protein-bound iodine (PBI). Clinical signs of hyperthyroidism have not been described. Oral contraception is associated with elevated plasma cortisol (hydrocortisone) levels and decreased urinary levels of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OCHS). Suppression of ovarian activity by oral contraceptives is rapidly reversible. Fear of carcinogenesis has caused much alarm but no proof as of the present time. Safety of long term use will require additional years of experience.
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PMID:Side-effects and possible complications of oral contraceptive drugs. 1225 41


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