UMLS:C0011570 - FACTA Search

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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From January 1982 through December 1985, 11 newborn artiodactyls died with clinical and/or pathologic evidence of cardiomyopathy. Clinical signs were inability to rise, depression, failure to nurse, hypothermia, and shivering. Macroscopically, the animals had mild to marked dilatation and thinning of the interventricular septum and left ventricular free wall. Histologic findings included thinning and waviness of myofibers and acute myodegeneration and myocytolysis.
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PMID:Congestive cardiomyopathy in neonatal artiodactyls. 350 27

Arotinoids, which are analogs of retinoic acid (RA) and retinol (RO) with the carbon skeleton in a rigid conformation, have more favorable therapeutic indices relative to all-trans-RA and all-trans-RO. The purpose of this investigation was to obtain preliminary in vivo toxicity data on SMR-2(analog of RO) and SMR-6 (analog of RA), arotinoids with promising activity (ED50's of 20 X 10(-11) and 5 X 10(-11) M, respectively; ED50 of RA = 1 X 10(-11) M) for reversal of keratinization in tracheal organ culture. A preliminary toxicity study was conducted in male B6D2F1 mice with gavage of retinoids in corn oil (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/kg/day of SMR-2 or SMR-6; 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day of RA as reference control). Due to lack of toxicity, each dose level for SMR-2 and SMR-6 was increased by 4-fold on Day 29 of dosing. The study was terminated on Day 57. Hypervitaminosis A (weight loss, alopecia, skin scaling, and bone thinning) was induced in the mid- and high-dose SMR groups; weight-gain depression was predominant in the high-dose RA group. The SMR compounds were approximately 100-fold more toxic, based on weight loss, than RA. In the SMR dose groups with hypervitaminosis A, white blood cell counts were elevated 2- to 4-fold; and there were microscopic lesions in skin, testes, epididymis, bone, thymus, bone marrow, peripheral lymph nodes, spleen, stomach, adrenal, and pituitary. The leukocytosis was attributed to leukopoiesis in spleen and bone marrow, which may be due to either a direct effect and/or a secondary response to a subacute inflammatory reaction in skin. Only peripheral lymph node hyperplasia was observed in SMR-2 and RA low-dose groups. Enlarged thymus, lymph node hyperplasia, leukopoiesis in spleen and bone marrow, elevated alkaline phosphatase with bone hypertrophy, and testicular degeneration were observed in the mid-dose RA group. The results indicate that immune stimulation may be a primary early response to retinoids and that skin, leukopoietic tissues, reproductive organs, stomach, and bone are primary targets for retinoid toxicity.
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PMID:Preliminary toxicity profile of arotinoids SMR-2 and SMR-6 in male B6D2F1 mice. 360 38

To investigate the mechanism of the depression of left ventricular (LV) peak negative dP/dt during acute regional ischemia, studies were performed in seven open-chest anesthetized dogs. Regional LV wall thickness was measured with ultrasonic crystals in both an ischemic and a normally perfused segment. Ischemia was produced by complete occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 seconds. Within 10 seconds of ischemia, premature thinning of the ischemic wall developed, which preceded thinning of the normal LV wall by 100 +/- 20 msec. Premature thinning of the ischemic segment was associated with 29% reduction of peak negative dP/dt, a 29% prolongation of LV isovolumic relaxation time, and a 15% reduction of the LV systolic ejection period. We offer the following explanation for the depression of LV peak negative dP/dt. 1. Peak negative dP/dt is depressed as a result of a prolongation of the isovolumic relaxation time. 2. The isovolumic relaxation time is prolonged as a result of shortening of the systolic ejection period. 3. Shortening of the systolic ejection period is mediated by an early fall of LV systolic pressure caused by inability of the LV to sustain systolic pressure. 4. Inability of the LV to sustain systolic pressure is caused by premature thinning of the ischemic region during late systole.
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PMID:Proposed mechanism for depression of maximal rate of left ventricular pressure fall (peak negative dP/dt) during regional myocardial ischemia. 373 Dec 66

The changes of the anterior cerebral artery/olfactory artery junction, one of the favorite sites of aneurysm formation, in rats treated with unilateral ligation of the common carotid artery and renal hypertension were investigated by light microscopy. The initial changes of aneurysm occurred not at the apex itself, but on the distal side of the major branch adjacent to the apex, at the intimal pad and the neighboring distal portion. Here the internal elastic lamina showed various degenerative changes and disappearance. The neighboring distal portion adjacent to the intimal pad showed a shallow depression associated with a thinning of the media due to a decrease of medial smooth muscle cells in number even in some control animals. Such degenerative changes of the internal elastic lamina and medial smooth muscle cells caused by hemodynamic stress due to branching structure, including intimal pads, augmented by the experimental treatment, are supposed to be the basis for aneurysm formation.
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PMID:Early changes of experimentally induced cerebral aneurysms in rats. Light-microscopic study. 376

Whether the differences in progestin-estrogen formulations of oral contraceptives (OCs) lead to any clinically significant differences is an important question, even though the concept of "tailoring the pill to the patient" has assumed less importance as the hormonal dosages have decreased. Each component can be evaluated individually, but it is often difficult to predict the result of their combined action. All of the new low-dose formulations contain the same estrogen, ethinyl estradiol (EE). Although the type of progestin in low-dose OCs is probably of little significance for efficacy and cycle control, it may be more important in regard to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Combined OC therapy acts simultaneously at various levels of the reproductive system, and contraceptive efficacy of pills with less than 50 mcg of estrogen probably results from these combined actions. The action of estrogen and progesterone is synergistic: the sustained estrogen component exerts negative feedback on gonadotropin secretion, provides stability to the endometrium, and increases the potency of the progestational agent, while progestin can influence only estrogen-primed tissue. The progestin suppresses luteinizing hormone secretion; in addition, progestational influence dominates estrogenic influence in affecting the remainder of the reproductive system. Previous OC usage may delay pregnancy by several months but does not impair longterm fertility potential or increase congenital anomalies or abortions if conception occurs subsequent to the 1st post-pill cycle. Breakthrough bleeding, which occurs in 15% of users, is the single most frequent cause of pill discontinuation but appears to be of no medical consequence. Breakthrough bleeding and amenorrhea may be controlled by changing the pill formulation. Depression has been reported in 5% of OC users, but pill use appears to alleviate premenstrual tension. The individual patient's risk-benefit ratio must be considered when noncontraceptive uses of the pill are contemplated. OC use has been cited as a cure for dysmenorrhea, although the mechanism is uncertain. The possible preservation of fertility or prevention of progression of endometriosis with cyclic pill use should be investigated. The controlled sloughing of a uniformily thinning endometrium prevents and controls dysfunctional uterine bleeding, endometrial hyperplasia, and the anemia that results. Use of OCs has been recommended in treatment of hirsutism to suppress ovarian function when the hypersecretion of androgens is documented. Since both adrenal and ovarian androgens are often involved in hirsutism, the combined suppressive actions of OCs frequently are beneficial. Estrogens also decrease sebum production and often result in indirect acne improvement. Cyclic estrogen-progesterone therapy is recommended for inducing sexual maturation in primary amenorrhea secondary to gonadal failure.
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PMID:Formulation and noncontraceptive uses of the new, low-dose oral contraceptive. 623 95

The present study was undertaken to devise an electrophysiological method for detecting diabetic retinopathy in rats. The electroretinogram (ERG) and visual evoked potential (VEP) were recorded from unanesthetized and unrestrained rats rendered diabetic with a single i.v. injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at 35 or 40 mg/kg. The STZ-treated rats showed signs of diabetes: hyperglycemia, glucosuria, hypoinsulinemia, polyuria and increased water intake. Amplitudes of the ERG a- and b-waves and oscillatory potentials (OPs) on the b-wave were decreased and latencies of these waves were prolonged gradually after STZ was administered. Especially, latencies of the OPs became significantly different from the pre-treatment values. Latency of the VEP N1 wave showed a slight prolongation, which might be secondary to the depression of retinal function. Histological examination showed swelling and proliferation of the lens epithelium and swelling and vacuolization of the lens fiber were observed in the eyeball 9 weeks after STZ-treatment. Moreover, thinning of each retinal layer was observed in a few rats. Daily s.c. injection of insulin at 10 units/rat/day started from the 4th week. The ERG values returned to the control values after 2-3 weeks of insulin therapy. These results indicate that the ERG and VEP recording procedure used in the present study is useful for early detection of the diabetic retinopathy in rats and that the OP of the ERG appears to be vulnerable to diabetes in the rat as it is in the human.
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PMID:[An electrophysiological method for detecting diabetic retinopathy in rats]. 639 51

After a dose of 800 micrograms of hydroxyurea (HU) was administered to day-4 chick embryos in ovo, the limb deformity including micromelia was observed. We examined the teratogenic mechanism of the action for HU by using histochemical and biochemical techniques. The present study provides histological evidence for the cell death and the depression of cell proliferation just after the treatment with HU and the retardation in periosteal ossification during the process of repair and/or recovery from cell death. On the other hand, the incorporation of [3H]glucosamine and [35S]sulfate into glycosaminoglycan was inhibited at day-7 and day-9, when the embryos are in the process of repair and/or recovery. The cartilage specific proteoglycan, an index of chondrogenesis, appeared at day-7, but the ratio of cartilagenous proteoglycan/noncartilagenous proteoglycan in the treated limbs was depressed. These results suggest that the slight retardation in chondrogenesis and/or the incomplete function of chondrocyte were induced by the treatment with HU in chick embryos. It is considered from above observation that the retardation in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis caused during the repair and/or recovery process of cell death brought about the limb deformity; shortening, thinning and bending of hind limbs.
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PMID:Limb deformity induced in chick embryo by hydroxyurea. 666 44

The calcium channel blocking agent, nifedipine, has been shown to improve indexes of left ventricular relaxation, diastolic filling and compliance in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The mechanism of action of nifedipine on diastolic properties in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is unclear and could result from an improvement in myocardial inactivation or from systemic vasodilation and left ventricular unloading. To distinguish between these mechanisms, the effects of nifedipine and the vasodilator nitroprusside on left ventricular diastolic properties were compared in 10 patients with nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using simultaneous micromanometer left ventricular pressure and echocardiographic measurements. Left ventricular peak systolic pressure was comparable during nitroprusside infusion (132 +/- 38 mm Hg) and after nifedipine (132 +/- 32 mm Hg). During nitroprusside infusion, the decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (22 +/- 11 to 17 +/- 11 mm Hg, p less than 0.05) was associated with a decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic dimension. In contrast, the decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure after nifedipine (22 +/- 11 to 18 +/- 10 mm Hg, p less than 0.05) was associated with no reduction of left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions, suggesting an increase in left ventricular distensibility. Compared with nitroprusside, nifedipine was associated with less prolongation of the left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time and less depression of the peak left ventricular posterior wall thinning rate and peak left ventricular internal dimension filling rate. These data suggest that the effects of the calcium channel blocker, nifedipine, on diastolic mechanics in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy result not only from systemic vasodilation but also from improved cardiac muscle inactivation.
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PMID:Comparison of the effects of nitroprusside and nifedipine on diastolic properties in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: altered left ventricular loading or improved muscle inactivation? 668 50

When 58 minute gastric cancers less than 5 mm in diameter from 55 patients were classified into 22 of the single group (minute gastric cancer alone) and 36 of the multiple group (associated with other large gastric cancers), the preoperative correct diagnostic rate by x-ray was 22.7% and 11.1% in the single group and in the multiple group, respectively, with a total rate of 15.5%. The diagnostic rate by endoscopy, aided by endoscopic biopsy, was 95.5%, 13.9%, and 44.8%, respectively. Therefore, it appears that endoscopy and endoscopic biopsy are most efficient diagnostic tools for the detection of such minute gastric cancers. Since the detection of the depressed type (IIc) of minute gastric cancers is considered most significant because of their frequent submucosal invasion, their characteristic endoscopic findings are emphasized: (1) irregular and polygonal shape, (2) distinct depression, (3) clear demarcation, (4) nodular margins, and (5) moth-eaten appearance and abrupt thinning of the mucosal folds.
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PMID:Clinical diagnosis of minute gastric cancer less than 5 mm in diameter. 668 97

The effect of nifedipine on left ventricular isovolumic relaxation and diastolic filling properties and systemic and left ventricular hemodynamics was studied in 15 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. After nidefipine (10 mg sublingually), the prolonged left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time assessed by echocardiography decreased from 112 +/- 26 to 83 +/- 23 msec (p less than 0.0001), and the left ventricular pressure decay as measured by time constant T improved from 63 +/- 20 to 49 +/- 11 msec (p less than 0.05). Left ventricular filling dynamics also improved as assessed by a return toward normal in the depressed peak rate of left ventricular diastolic filling (dimension change 72 +/- 37 to 101 +/- 39 mm/sec, p less than 0.01) and the peak rate of posterior wall thinning (47 +/- 31 to 68 +/- 36 mm/sec, p less than 0.001). These changes were accompanied by hemodynamic evidence of improved diastolic function shown as a decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and a downward shift in the left ventricular diastolic pressure-dimension relationship, suggesting improved left ventricular distensibility. After nifedipine, there was a slight increase in heart rate and a decrease in systemic ventricular distensibility. After nifedipine, there was a slight increase in heart rate and a decrease in systemic arterial blood pressure, and no depression of the left ventricular percent fractional shortening or cardiac index. These data indicate that abnormal left ventricular relaxation and diastolic filling rates in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are dynamic and favorably modified by nifedipine, and that this effect is not related to a depression of left ventricular systolic function.
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PMID:Modification of abnormal left ventricular diastolic properties by nifedipine in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. 719 42

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