Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypovolemic shock was maintained for 6 hours in dogs in which the heart was hemodynamically protected by a biological model described earlier. Blood of these dogs was exchanged with that of healthy dogs in which myocardial tension and heart rate were continuously monitored. It was found that rate and force of decline in the recipient dog in a fashion similar to the drop in the animal in shock. If, however, the pH of the infused blood was raised to normal, the bradycardia in the recipient dog was prevented but the myocardial depression was not abolished. Administration of aprotinin alone did not prevent the bradycardia or depression of contractility, whereas correction of the pH and treatment with aprotinin not only prevented the decline in both but led also to a transient increase in myocardial tension of the recipient animal. The results seem to indicate that 1) in shock myocardial depression and cardiac slowing are induced by humoral factors transferable by blood to a normal animal, 2) acidity caused the bradycardia but not drop of tension, 3) aprotinin prevents the depression of contractility only in a normal pH medium, and 4) aprotinin may prevent the action of a preformed myocardial depressant factor rather than inhibit its formation.
 ...
PMID:Humoral factors in shock causing bradycardia and myocardial depression. 2 57

From the serial studies on imipramine dependent noradrenaline (NA) rise at different values of gastric acid with 336 registrations of blood pressure, it follows that a lawful relation exists between imipramine absorption and gastric juice acidity. At pH values of 3.5--6.0 a distinct decreased absorption of orally supplied imipramine was stated. After changing the pH value by acid substitution, a full absorption is reached. This state seems to be of special practical importance in the treatment of depression with thymoleptics.
 ...
PMID:[Changes in imipramine induced noradrenaline potentiation by varying activity of gastric juice under oral medication]. 23 41

Cods were equipped with cannulae for drainage of the stomach and for separate perfusion of the stomach and intestine. Acidity, volume, and osmolality of the gastric outflow were measured. During perfusion of the intestine with a near-isosmotic saline (1 part sea-water, 2 parts distilled water, '33% SW') and the stomach with pure ('100%') SW, gastric acid output was high and volume output slightly above the infused volume. The osmolality of the gastric perfusate decreased during passage of the stomach. It was concluded that no drinking occurred, and that the decreased osmolality was due to dilution by gastric secretions and osmotically lost water. When substituting the isosmotic intestinal perfusion to a dehydrating perfusion (100% SW), gastric acid secretion was depressed but volume output was unaffected. Also perfusion of the intestine with acidified 33% SW depressed gastric acid secretion and in addition increased volume and osmolality of the gastric outflow. The results suggest that perfusion of the intestine depress the drinking reflex and that this depression is surmounted by intestinal acidification. Possible mediators of the intestinal feed-back mechanism for the inhibition of gastric acid secretion are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Gastric acid secretion and drinking in the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) during acidic or hyperosmotic perfusion of the intestine. 50 62

The effects of the beta adrenergic stimulant drug, "Nylidrin", and the beta adrenergic blocking agent, "Propranolol", on human basal gastric acid secretion were studied in 20 healthy volunteer subjects and 10 chronic D.U. cases. Nylidrin increased gastric acid secretion and volume. All effects of nylidrin were blocked by prior administration of beta adrenergic inhibitor propranolol. Propranolol diminished both acid secretion and volume in both normal and D.U. cases. The presence of beta adrenergic receptors in the human stomach was suggested. The effects of beta adrenergic blocking agent propranolol on gastric secretion, stimulated with histamine, were studied in 10 normal subjects and 10 cases of chronic duodenal ulcer patients. Pretreatment with propranolol produced a signigicant depression of the 90 minute acid response to histamine in both volume and acidity in normals and duodenal ulcer cases. It is concluded that propranolol has an antisecretory effect, not only on basal gastric secretion but also on histamine stimulated secretion in man. Reserpine stimulated gastric acid secretion and volume in normals but showed no similar effect in D.U. cases. After pretreatment with propranolol it reduces the gastric acid secretion and volume in normals and D.U. cases.
 ...
PMID:Beta-adrenergic receptors and the effect of beta-adrenergic blocking agent propranolol on histamine and reserpine stimulated gastric acid secretion in man: normals and duodenal ulcer cases. 126 68

At the time of cesarean section, the mother may suffer respiratory depression, hypotension, increased gastric acidity, and increased predisposition to regurgitation, and the newborn may suffer anesthetic-induced respiratory depression. Preanesthetic metaclopramide, cimetidine, and anticholinergic agent are recommended. Sedatives can be administered if necessary. Neuroleptanalgesic and low-dose general anesthetic, with local anesthetic line-blocks, are preferred techniques. Supportive care of the newborn is mandatory.
 ...
PMID:Anesthesia for cesarean section in the dog. 158 11

Histamine H2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs) often are administered to intensive care unit patients in an attempt to reduce gastric acidity and to prevent stress-related mucosal damage. These agents have an extremely low overall incidence and severity of adverse reactions; however, hemodynamically significant hypotension has been noted. Clinical studies with rapidly administered intravenous cimetidine in critically ill patients have demonstrated a depression in blood pressure in up to 75 percent of patients. Ranitidine, also studied in this setting, does not appear to induce similar hemodynamic changes. The newer H2RAs, famotidine and nizatidine, have not been evaluated in critically ill patients.
 ...
PMID:Hemodynamic effects of H2-receptor antagonists. 198 Jan 82

The effects of methionine enkephalin (ME) and substance P (SP) were tested on the chemosensory discharge of the cat carotid body-nerve preparation in vitro. ME superfused in concentrations of 10(-8) to 10(-5) M depressed the sensory discharge, an effect followed by receptor excitation (rebound). Bolus applications of ME (30 ng to 3.0 microgram) induced variable effects (excitation or depression) on the discharge, excitation being more pronounced with the smaller doses. Superfusions with SP (10(-8) to 10(-5) M) either excited or depressed the discharge, excitation being more pronounced with higher SP concentrations (i.e. 10(-6) M). Bolus applications of SP (43 ng to 0.5 micrograms) also excited or depressed the sensory discharge. These variations may be dose-dependent. Superfused ME (10(-6) M) significantly depressed the chemoreceptor response to hypoxia (100% N2) and hypercapnia (6% CO2, pH 7.43). The responses to NaCN and acidity (pH 6.0) were marginally depressed. Superfused SP (10(-6) M) clearly depressed the responses to hypoxia, those to hypercapnia and NaCN were marginally affected but the effects of acidity were not altered. When the peptides were tested against the receptor responses to exogenously applied putative neurotransmitters (ACh, dopamine--DA), it was found that ME tended to depress both the ACh and DA actions whereas SP (10(-6) M) tended to increase their effects. Superfusions with naloxone (10(-6) M) increased the basal chemosensory discharge and this enkephalin blocker partially relieved the depressant effect of ME on the ACh-induced response. It is concluded that carotid body chemoreceptors have excitatory and inhibitory reactive sites to both ME and SP although their precise location is still unknown.
 ...
PMID:Effects of methionine-enkephalin and substance P on the chemosensory discharge of the cat carotid body. 241 43

Arterial blood gases were measured in 52 unanesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats following six weeks exposure to either room air at ambient altitude (950 m), room air containing 100 ppm CO at ambient altitude, room air at 4575 m simulated high altitude, or room air containing 100 ppm CO at 4575 m simulated high altitude. PaCO2 was significantly higher in animals exposed to CO both at ambient altitude (38.2 vs 34.5 Torr) and simulated high altitude (28.3 vs 23.6 Torr). The data show that chronic exposure to low concentrations of CO depresses ventilatory drive at both ambient and simulated high altitude. This depression could be related to changes in brain blood flow and the acidity of the central medullary chemosensitive area or to changes in peripheral chemoreceptor activity.
 ...
PMID:Arterial blood gas status in rats exposed to chronic CO at low and high altitude. 249 48

Nizatidine is a potent and selective antagonist of histamine. The histamine-induced relaxation of the KCl-treated rat uterus was inhibited dose-dependently by nizatidine. The inhibition was characterized by displacement of the dose-response to histamine to the right, in parallel, without depression of the maximum. The affinity of nizatidine for the histamine H2-receptor of the rat uterus was about 10 times that of cimetidine. The steady-state dose-response acid outputs stimulated by histamine from the Heidenhain pouch and the gastric fistula were also shifted dose-dependently by nizatidine, in parallel, to the right. The inhibition was consistent with a surmountable antagonism of histamine. At high (10(-4) to 10(-3) M) concentrations, nizatidine increased the motility of the guinea pig stomach and duodenum in vitro; this effect was abolished noncompetitively by atropine (10(-8) M) and pyrilamine (10(-4) M). Both nizatidine and cimetidine administered s.c. showed "cytoprotective" action by reducing the gastric lesions induced by 1) aminoguinidine and pylorus ligation and 2) HCl plus aspirin in the rat. On a weight and molar basis, nizatidine was 4 and 5.25 times as effective as cimetidine, respectively. This cytoprotective action of nizatidine was found when acidity and total acid load in the stomach were not affected by the histamine H2-receptor antagonist.
 ...
PMID:Actions of nizatidine on the rat uterus, dog stomach and experimentally induced gastric lesions. 309 39

Although previous workers have established that the pH of the phagocytic vacuole of the polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte changes from neutral to acid, the time course of conversion has not been investigated. The present experiments were initiated to study pH changes immediately after phagocytosis. Peritoneal exudates were induced in rats; 4 h later, yeast stained with pH indicators was injected intraperitoneally, and the exudate was retrieved at 30-s intervals and examined by light microscopy. Results revealed that (a) within 3 min, pH dropped to approximately 6.5, as indicated by the change in color of neutral red-stained yeast; (b) within 7-15 min, pH dropped progressively to approximately 4.0, as indicated by color change in bromcresol green-stained yeast; (c) pH did not fall below 4, since no color change was observed up to 24 h when bromphenol blue-stained yeast was used. The finding that intravacuolar acidity increases rapidly after phagocytosis is undoubtedly important with respect to PMN leukocyte function in killing and digesting microorganisms, for many PMN leukocyte granule enzymes (i.e., peroxidase and lysosomal enzymes) are activated at acid pH ( approximately 4.5). It follows that temporal changes in pH and maximal pH depression should be considered in studies of intraleukocytic microbicidal mechanisms, since a defect in these factors could result in impaired PMN leukocyte function.
 ...
PMID:Temporal changes in pH within the phagocytic vacuole of the polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte. 411 90


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>