Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Memory loss is often a subjective symptom rather than an objective one. Complaints of poor memory appear to be related to stereotypes of aging and to the presence of depression, rather than to chronic brain disease. Reassuring an elderly person that occasional forgetfulness does not indicate senility, and improving morale in those who are depressed, effectively reduce exaggerated memory concerns.
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PMID:Helping an aging patient to cope with memory problems. 44 73

We describe a new syndrome with autosomal dominant transmission whose most striking feature is vascular retinopathy. The retinopathy is often associated with migraine, Raynaud's phenomenon and mental changes, mainly forgetfulness, aggression and depression. To define this syndrome we collected medical data on 110 family members. General ophthalmological examination and fluorescein angiography were performed in 61 persons. The retinopathy, as diagnosed in 22 persons, is characterized by central and peripheral microangiopathy, areas of capillary non-perfusion, haemorrhages, cotton wool spots and, in a more advanced stage, occlusion of large retinal vessels, which can induce a neovascular response. A vascular occlusive disorder may be the common aetiological factor of the various manifestation of this syndrome.
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PMID:A new autosomal dominant vascular retinopathy syndrome. 182 Dec 4

Alzheimer's disease is a costly illness affecting large numbers of older Americans, and its prevalence is increasing. The major symptom of the condition is progressive forgetfulness. The course is variable, depending on which areas of the brain are affected earliest and most severely. In diagnosing Alzheimer's disease, it is important to rule out other types of dementia that may be treatable, as well as systemic and affective disorders and other brain diseases. The Mini-Mental State Examination and the category fluency test are often diagnostically useful. There is no evidence that any of the therapeutic agents studied so far are of much value, but pharmacologic agents can be useful in treating the depression, psychoses, and anxiety that may accompany cognitive decline. Patients cared for at home need a structured, orderly environment that has been modified for their safety.
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PMID:Alzheimer's disease. Recognizing and treating a frustrating condition. 189 31

Any patient who has a Bell's palsy (unilateral or bilateral), aseptic meningitis, chronic fatigue syndrome, atypical radiculoneuropathy, presenile dementia, atypical myopathy, or symptoms of atypical rheumatoid arthritis should be asked specifically about the following: visits to highly endemic areas, any known tick bites, any skin lesion suggestive of erythema migrans, any history of palpitations or of prior Bell's palsy, aching in joints (especially the knees), paresthesias, chronic fatigue and depression, forgetfulness, and eye problems. Any patient showing a chronic iritis with posterior synechiae, vitritis in one or both eyes, an atypical pars planitis-like syndrome, big blind spot syndrome, and swollen or hyperemic optic discs should be asked the same questions. The physician should send one red-top tube of blood containing 2 to 3 ml serum to Microbiology Reference Laboratory, 10703 Progress Way, Cypress, CA 90630-4714, requesting a Lyme/treponemal panel. For $90 the patient will receive an RPR test with titer, serum FTA-ABS test, serum Lyme IFA IgG and IgM, and a serum Lyme ELISA test. If these tests are within normal limits and the physician is still suspicious, a Western blot can be ordered on serum. A green top tube with fresh white blood cells sent out by overnight express on a Monday or Tuesday will produce a Lyme PCR and a lymphocyte stimulation test. Finally, R.K. Porschen, director of MRL Laboratory, will provide information on the urine antigen test on an investigational basis. A careful history with emphasis on the specific questions noted above, a complete neuro-ophthalmological and physical examination ruling out other causative problems, and the laboratory studies here discussed will usually provide sufficient data to choose therapy. Much further active research into Lyme borreliosis is an important priority in medicine.
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PMID:Neuro-ocular Lyme borreliosis. 201 Nov 11

Femovan contains 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol and 75 mcg of gestodene. Gestodene has been used in combination oral contraceptives since 1987 in 38 countries with hardly any effect on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism or fibrinolysis. Its contraceptive reliability for menstrual cycle control and tolerance was examined. A total of 102.769 women aged 18-35 with 593.455 menstrual cycles were included in 2 phases. Most of the women were German women, but the study included women from Europe and Latin America. Although 2-8% of the women took Femovan irregularly, only 3 pregnancies occurred in 414 English women (4704 cycles), 7 in 3267 German women (36.711 cycles), and 124 in 95.906 German women (523.477) as a result of forgetfulness. The pearl index reached .16 and .22 in the 2 phases, respectively, under client failure, and .07 and .06 under method failure. Bleeding ranged from .6-2.8% of cycles, while spotting was 4.5-8.2%. The omission of menstrual bleeding occurred in less than 1% of this population. Tension in the breasts, headache, and nausea with nervousness occurred in up to 10% of the women. Nervousness, vertigo, and depression was significantly less frequent. Acne and edema occurred only in a few cases. The average increase of body weight was a maximum of .8 kg. Blood pressure was unchanged for a few cases. There were 2 and 26 cases, respectively, of thromboembolitic diseases in the 2 phases amounting to .3 and .6/1000 woman years of use which compares to .4-1.7/1000 of the Oxford-Family Planning Association cohort study results. Femovan was discontinued on medical grounds (headache, nausea, and irregular bleeding) in 10.3% of 3267 German women and in 7.5% of 95.906 German women. Femovan's acceptance rate was remarkably high, and it proved to reliable and well-tolerated.
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PMID:[Clinical experiences with femovan (Gynera)]. 209 80

Interactions of glucose and cognitive function have been reported both in the presence of elevated arterial blood glucose levels and with decreased cerebral glucose metabolism. In order to test the peripheral vs. central effects of this phenomenon, we induced irreversible hyperglycemia and depression of cerebral glucose metabolism in separate designs by means of either intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of streptozotocin (STZ), which is known to damage insulin-producing cells. Behavioral functions, such as locomotor activity, learning, and memory, were investigated under these different conditions. IP treatment with STZ decreased locomotor activity and increased initial step-through latencies on the passive avoidance test. No effects of elevated arterial blood glucose levels on retention of passive avoidance learning checked at 24 h and 144 h after training were observed. I.c.v. treatment of STZ increased the rate of locomotor activity and impaired retention in the passive avoidance test at 24 h, without further forgetfulness at 144 h. This finding may indicate disturbed acquisition and/or consolidation of memory, which may remain impaired but at a constant level, without further deterioration. Enhanced motor activity and impaired acquisition of passive avoidance learning without further impairment have also been reported as a characteristical behavioral pattern after disruption of the cholinergic system. It is therefore postulated that the observed behavioral abnormalities consequent on an impairment of cerebral glucose metabolism may be suggestive of cholinergic dysfunction.
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PMID:Effects of changes in peripheral and cerebral glucose metabolism on locomotor activity, learning and memory in adult male rats. 214 2

When are confusion and forgetfulness transient signs of normal aging, when are they signs of depression or a medical illness, and when are they signs of dementia? The authors describe clinical features and diagnostic studies that help establish the presence of dementia and discuss ways of coping with both remediable and less treatable types.
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PMID:Dementia in the elderly. 268 83

The relationships between well-being of 262 caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients and forgetful, asocial, and disoriented behaviors on the part of the impaired spouse were examined using three one-way MANOVAs. Results indicate that asocial and disoriented behaviors have linear relationships with levels of burden, specific mental health problems attributed to caregiving, and the extent to which caregivers sacrificed aspects of their social life. Asocial behaviors were also linearly related to overall level of caregiver depression. Forgetful behaviors, on the other hand, have relationships with burden, specific mental health problems attributed to caregiving, and social change that are nonlinear. Data are interpreted in terms of the predictable course of Alzheimer's disease and associated role expectations.
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PMID:Aberrant behaviors and Alzheimer's disease: mental health effects on spouse caregivers. 276 77

Using the "Bi-Digital O-Ring Test," generalized abnormal circulation of the distribution of the 3 cerebral arteries at each side of the brain (i.e., anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery) can be predicted, without any expensive instruments usually in a few minutes. When abnormality was found in the bifurcation area of the common carotid artery by the "Bi-Digital O-Ring Test," there were always abnormal findings of the area of the brain where circulation was coming from either one or both of the anterior or middle cerebral arteries. When abnormal "Bi-Digital O-Ring" response was found at the vertebral artery and posterior cerebral artery representation point, discovered by the author, at the side of the 6th cervical vertebra (corresponding to the entry point of the vertebral artery into the transverse foramen), the areas of the cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem where circulation is coming from the posterior cerebral artery, basilar artery and vertebral artery were also abnormal. Most of these abnormalities were found to be associated with problems of the cervical vertebrae and spastic muscles of the neck and shoulders and are often reversible. In this study, the author was able to differentiate abnormal brain circulation of any major branch of arteries in the brain due to organic changes or functional reversible changes by relaxing these spastic muscles and improving the circulation of the neck and shoulder area by giving either manual acupuncture, massage, or transcutaneous electrical stimulation. This in turn often improved brain circulation. If it was a functional abnormality, within a few minutes after one of these procedures the "Bi-Digital O-Ring Test" usually showed normal response or improvement. However, if it was an organic abnormality, the abnormality remained. When the supra-orbital arterial blood pressure at both sides of the forehead decreases below 40 or 30 mmHg, most patients develop so-called "Cephalic Hypotension Syndrome," which is characterized by sleep disturbance pattern; difficulty in concentration; easy forgetfulness of recent events; irritability; decreased pain threshold with or without depression; spastic skeletal muscles, particularly the neck, shoulder and back areas. All of these symptoms can be explained by decreased circulation to the Nucleus Raphe Centralis Superior (controls sleep and waking pattern), Nucleus Raphe Magnus (serotonin & modulation of pain), Nucleus Reticularis Giganto Cellularis (controls muscle tone), etc. in reticular formation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Simple and quick non-invasive evaluation of circulatory condition of cerebral arteries by clinical application of the "Bi-Digital O-Ring Test". 286 68

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized multiple crossover study was designed to determine the effectiveness of alprazolam in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome. Patients maintained daily diaries of 22 premenstrual symptoms for one pretreatment control cycle and four treatment cycles. Alprazolam 0.25 mg or placebo was administered three times daily from cycle day 20 until the second day of menstruation, at which time the dosage was tapered by one tablet per day to minimize withdrawal effects. The results of the clinical trial indicate that alprazolam is significantly more effective than placebo in relieving the severity of premenstrual nervous tension, mood swings, irritability, anxiety, depression, fatigue, forgetfulness, crying, cravings for sweets, abdominal bloating, abdominal cramps, and headache. The low incidence of side effects makes alprazolam an acceptable treatment for premenstrual syndrome for those women unresponsive to other therapies.
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PMID:Treatment of premenstrual syndrome with alprazolam: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover clinical trial. 329 78


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